定语从句语法归纳及练习
一、语法知识归纳
基本概念
（一）定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从
句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，
as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。
小总结：关系词的作用有哪些？
二、关系代词的用法
（一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （________）
② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （________）
③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （________）
④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （________）
⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （________）
注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况
which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下，只用that。
(1)先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution.
② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
⑶先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。
例如：① You should hand in all that you have.
② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
⑷先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。
例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
② The little money (that) he had was stolen.
(5)以which或who开头的问句
例如：Who is the man that is standing over there?
（6）先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
（7）主句已有疑问词who 或which时。
例如：① Which is the bike that you lost?
② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况
⑴先行词是one, ones, anyone时。
例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
② Don’t tell anyone about the news who should n’t to know it.
⑵先行词是those时。
例如：① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
（四）与whose有关的问题
⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
② Please show me the book whose cover is red.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。
例如：① The building ,whose roof is red, will be a new restaurant.
→ The building, the roof of which is red ,will be a new restaurant.或
→ The building, of which the roof is red ,will be a new restaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。
例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语）
→Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now?
但是，要注意的是：⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或
who。
⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。例如：
错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?
正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?
错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.
正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.
“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或者形容词最高级。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
练一练
1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.
A the smallest of which
B the smaller of which
C the smallest of them
D the smallest one
2.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors.
2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors.
3.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.
A two-thirds in which
B two-thirds in them
C two-thirds of them
D of whom two thirds
4. I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.
A neither of them
B none of them
C neither of which
D none of which
如何选择适当的介词
（1）根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
1. Do you like the book she spent $10?
2. Do you like the book she paid $10?
3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book she often talks?
（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。
1.the money ___________which you were to buy dog foodis gone.
(你应该用来买狗粮的钱不见了)
2.This is the book___________which the main character is a soldier.
(这是那本主要人物是士兵的书。)
（3）根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定.
Air,__________ which man can’t live, is really important.
He was educated at the local high school,_____he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which
B. after that
C. in which
D. in that
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
例如：Who is the guy that is reading over there?
The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000.
All that needs to be done has been done.
He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.
Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.
例③中的all意为―一切‖，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
五．关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the reason why (=for which) we did it.
2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构,试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
3．when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。
六．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上：不用逗号―，‖与主句隔开。
意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上：译成先行词的定语：―．．．的‖
关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom
非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号―，‖与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）
His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）
有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
They are hollow, which makes them very light.
As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成―就象… …那样‖。
（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如：
She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.
He tore up my photo, which upset me.
七.其他情况：
当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。
如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
当先行词前有such或so时，关系词应当用as。如：
A wise man seldom ta lks about such things as he doesn’t understand.
He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.
另需注意：
This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）
易混辨析
This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like
This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子
特殊结构定语从句点击
1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. which
2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.
A. as
B. that
C. of which
D. about which
3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. like
4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. like
5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.
A. that
B. when
C. at which
D. which
8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. they way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
定语从句对比练习
1.① This is one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week.
② This is the very one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week.
A. which was
B. that was
C. which were
D. that were
2.① He has two sons, _____ are college students.
② He has two sons, and _____ are college students.
A. both of which
B. both of whom
C. both of them
D. both of it
3.① He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.
② He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east.
③ He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.
④ He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.
A. which
B. whose
C. where
D. of which
4.① _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
② _____ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
③ _____ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. Who
C. Those
D. Whoever
5.① _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.
② _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
③ _____ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
A. Which
B. As
C. It
D. That
6.① I’ll never forget the days _____ we studied together.
② I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together.
A. that
B. 不填
C. when
D. A and B
7.① This is the only way _____ you can find.
② I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to his mother.
A. that
B. 不填
C. in which
D. A, B and C
E. A and B
8.① Galileo collected the facts _____ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
② Galileo discovered the fact _____ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. 不填
D. A and B
9. ① Is this museum _____ they visited last month?
② The teacher tells us that _____ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.
A. that
B. the one
C. which
D. the one who
10. ① It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
② It was at eleven o’clock_____ they went out of the cinema.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
11.①Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem_______ we could’t work out.
②Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem_______ we could’t work it out.
③These houses are sold at such a low price _______ people expected.
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. which
12．① I don't believe the reason ______ he has given for his being late.
A．why B．that C．how D．what
② I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason _____ you haven’t told me.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. because; which
D. of which; that
③ Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
13. ①.------Do you have anything to say for ourselves?
------There is one point ____ we should insist on.
A. where
B. why
C. How
D. /
②.We are trying to reach a point______ two sides will sit down together and talk.
Ａwhere B.when C.that D.which
[参考答案]
1. ① D ② B
2. ① B ② C
3. ① B ② D ③ A ④ C
4. ① D ② A ③ C
5. ① B ② C ③ B
6. ① C ② D
7. ① E ② D
8. ① D ② A
9. ① B ② D 10. ① C ② B 11. ① B ② C ③B 12. ① B ② A ③A13. ① D ② A
定语从句专项练习(1)
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A.with which
B.in which
C.on which
D.by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A.to whom
B.on whom
C.with which
D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who
B. who's
C. which
D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that
B.all what
C. that
D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that
B. as
C. whom
D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with
B. with whom I went
C. with who I went
D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels
B. the such novels
C. such novels
D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/
B./; whom
C. whom;/
D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title
B. its title
C. the title of it
D. the title of that
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0a5653130.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A.for which
B.for that
C.in which D what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A.when; which
B.which; when
C.what; that
D.on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which
B. whose
C. what
D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which
B. with which
C. that
D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A.after which I have looked
B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after
D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. for that; hat
D. for which; what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that
B.which
C.for which
D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./
B.which
C.for which
D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which
B. either of which
C. both of that
D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A.as was
B. which was
C.as were
D. which
36.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, ___ was very kind of them.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that
B. which
C. from that
D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. /
B. why
C. when
D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A.what; that
B. what; what
C. which; which
D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A.when; who
B.that; which
C. which; that
D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A.owns; are
B. owns; is
C. own; is
D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A.followed
B.following
C.to follow
D.that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what
B. through which; what
C.through that; what
D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school
B. this the school
C. this school one
D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them
B. neither of them
C. neither of which
D. none of which
50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being
B. has been
C. had been
D. have been
定语从句专项练习（1）
1-5 ACDCA 6-10 CAAAA 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 DBBCB 21-25 DCDAA
26-30 CADDB 31-35 ABADC 36-40 BDDAB 41-45 ADCDA 46-50 BBACB
高一定语从句专项练习（2）
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that
B. run; who
C. running; who
D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him
B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him
D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which
B. in which
C. of which
D. whose
6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as
B. when
C. until
D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which
B. that, which
C. which, that
D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.
A. that which
B. one that
C. that of which
D. this of which
14. There is no such place _____ you dream of in all this world.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes
B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes
D. all of their homes
16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who
B. when
C. on which
D. which
17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
A. when
B. that
C. who
D. where
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. same
高一定语从句专项练习（3）
1. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who
B. /
C. that
D. when
2. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
3. He talked about a hero no one had ever heard.
A. of whom
B. from whom
C. about that
D. who
4. Have you read the book I lent to you?
A. that
B. whom
C. when
D. whose
American women usually identify their best friend
as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
6. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.
A. which price
B. the price of whose
C. its price
D. whose price
7. Lily, is Helen ______ you want to introduce me to?
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. the girl
8. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and
the experienced teachers ______ they had seen.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. what
9. This is the only bus ______ goes to the village school.
A. /
B. that
C. where
D. it
10. Is there a shop around _______sells China Daily?
A. who
B. where
C. in which
D. which
11. She was the only one of the girls in our class _______ accepted
as candidate for the president of our Students’ Union.
A. who was
B. who were
C. who has been
D. who have been
12. She is no longer the sweet little girl ______ she used to be.
A. what
B. who
C. when
D. that
13. Is this singer ______ songs you like best?
A. who’s
B. whose
C. which D the one whose
14. He got angry with _____ was against his opinion.
A. who
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
15. Anyone _____with what I said may raise your hand.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
16. That’s the dog ______.
A.we’ve been looking after
B. after which we’ve been looking
C. what we’ve been looking after
D. we’ve been taking care for
17. This is the last time ______ I’ll give you a lesson.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. as
18. The family _____ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London.
A. whose
B. which
C. what
D. whom
19. This is the very knife ______ I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. that
B. by which
C. which
D. with which
20. China has many rivers, _____ the Yangtze River is the longest..
A. which
B. in which
C. among which
D. one of which
21. The use they are ______ the waste helps to save a lot of money.
A. made of
B. made from
C. making up of
D. making of
22. That tree, the branches _____ are almost bare, is a very old one.
A. whose
B. in which
C. of which
D. of it
23. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
24. What is the way Smith thought of ______ enough money to buy the new house?
A. getting
B. having got
C. being got
D. to get
25. Jack spent as much time as he could ______ over his lessons.
A. going
B. went
C. go
D. to go
26. The freezing point is the temperature ___water changes into ice.
A. at which
B. on that
C. when
D. of which
27. I am impressed by the fact that he makes good use of every minute _____ he can spare.
A. that
B. in which
C. in that
D. when
28. This is the last time ______ I will write to you.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. as
29. I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to me.
A. what
B. by which
C. by that
D. /
30. The train ______ he was traveling was delayed for more than an hour.
A. by which
B. on which
C. for which
D. on that
（4）真题回顾
1. We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult
in rural areas.
A. which
B. whose
C. in which
D. with which
2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree
_____ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which
B. to which
C. of which
D. for which
3. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ______ they were destroyed
by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.
A. in which
B. for which
C. so that
D. in that
4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language
different from ______ their parents speak at home.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. one
5. You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of
something _____ you might get in the future.
A. that; what
B. what; /
C. which; that
D. /; that
Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater
chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.
A. who, /
B. /; who
C. who, who
D. /; /
7. The Beatles _____ many of you are old enough to remember
came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors
days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize
who she was, she had run back in the direction ________ she had come.
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
10.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
11. – Mom, what did your doctor say?
－He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher.
A. in where
B. in which
C. the place where
D. where
12. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful
in the jobs ______ they are being trained.
A. in that
B. for that
C. in which
D. for which
13. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party
was a great success.
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
14. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels
and essays.
A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name
15.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%
________ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
高一定语从句专项练习（1）
1-5 ACDCA 6-10 CAAAA 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 DBBCB 21-25 DCDAA
26-30 CADDB 31-35 ABADC 36-40 BDDAB 41-45 ADCDA 46-50 BBACB
高一定语从句专项练习（2）
1-5 ABABC 6-10 DBBCB 11-15 BAADB 16-20 DDABC
高一定语从句专项练习（3）
1-5 CCAAD 6-10 DDABD 11-15 ADBCC 16-20 ABDAC 21-25 DCDDA 26-30 AABDB
（4）真题回顾
1-5 CBDAB 6-10 CDCDA 11-15 DDCDA
高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
高中英语语法详解：动名词 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 相关知识点精讲： 1.作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2.作宾语 a. 有些动词能够用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health.
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
背诵这些句子，英语语法再也不用愁了！ It句型 1. It is/has been 3 years since he got married. 他结婚3年了。 2. It will be 3 years /a long time before everything returns to normal. （将）要3年/很长时间一 切才恢复原状。 3. It was 3 hours before the fire was put out. 过了三个小时大火才被扑灭。 4. It won’t be long before he comes back. 不会要很久他就会回来的。 5. It/This is/was the first(second) time (that) I have been/had been here. 这是我第一（二）次我 来 6. It makes no difference to me when the sports meeting will be held. 运动会什么时候举行对我说无关紧要。 7. Two many students find it difficult to get into the classroom on time in the morning. 太多学生觉得早上按时到校很难。 9. It was Oct 1st, 1949 when PRC was founded. 中华人民共和国成立的时间是 10. It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that China was founded. 中华人民共和国就是在1949年10月1日 成立的。 虚拟语气 11. If I were you, I wouldn’t help him. 如果我是你，我就不会帮他。（与现在） 12. If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go for the picnic. If it should rain… If it rained …如果明天下雨，我就不去野餐。（与将来） 13. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早一点来你就会遇上他了。（与过 去） 14. (How)I wish I knew the answer now, but I don’t know. 我希望我现在知道答案。（wish） 15. (How)I wish I had known the answer, but I didn’t know. 我希望我当时知道答案，但我不知道。 （wish） 16. I would rather you had finished your homework. 我宁愿你已经完成了作业。（would rather） I would rather (that) you came to see me tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来看我。 I would rather (that) you left now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 17. If only I had been to Beijing. 要是我去过北京就好了。（if only） 18. If you had taken/followed the doctor’s advice, you would recover now. 如果你听了医生的劝告，你现在就康复了。（混用） 19. He suggested that we (should) put the meeting forward. His accent suggested that he came fro m Hubei. 他建议我们提前开会，他的口音暗示他来自湖北。（宾从中虚拟与陈述） 20. What is required at the meeting is that the night school (should)be set up by October 1. 会议上提出的要求是夜校要在10月1号前建立。 21. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 他在进球之前犹豫了一下，要不然，球就进了。 情态动词
2017上海高考英语一模语法填空汇总
2017年高三英语一模汇编——语法新题型 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A My life on an Island we live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _______(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) ________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _________the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island. We were on our way back (24) _________ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now,
第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问
高中英语语法系列：定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.
高中英语语法 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语 .宾语 .表语 .同位语 .介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 .宾语从句 .表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… It is said that…据说… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 （1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
English Non-infinitives Class:todo/doing and done/doing 特征：不担任谓语动词/不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化/具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语或状语构成短语 Noun Sub To say is one thing and to do is another. obj He offered to help us. adj pre His great wish is to become a docter and save others?lives. Obj. Many people suppose him to be dead. 定语I have a lot of work to do. 副词状语To see better,he stood up. He reached the station only to find the train had left. 时态和语态 形式主动语态被动语态 一般式To do To be done 进行式To be doing / 完成式To have done To have been done 完成进行式To have been doing / To be doing:seem/appear/pretend to be doing But:demond/hope/suggest*sb not to do sth(#) For example: What I like to do now is (to) have a good sleep.(*) Object A:v+to do:long want expect hope wish desire refuse agree pretend promise aim choose decide claim demand learn manage try afford happen fail seem appear intend decline reject V+wh-cl+to do:know decide learn remember see understand explain ask find out wonder think 动词+间接宾语+疑问词+to do:show teach advise tell inform(consider(only)sb/sth to do/as/how to do /that-cl find/think/consider/make/feel/suppose +it+adj/n+to do+n *prep.but except +to do 若上文含有do或出现can can?t could couldn?t,don?t add “do”envy ,order ,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate.etc+ that-cl 定语 I have something to say. I?ve bought a motorcycle to go to work on. There?s nothing for us to worry about. *place time way +to do （可以省略） that?s a nice place to live (in). I?m afraid there is no time to play now. He is the right person to do the job. Next,only,not a :mary is always the last to arrive at the office. 省略to:had better/had best/would rather/would rather…than/would sooner/would
XX高中英语语法大全动名词 出guo高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评，请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝，暑假过去了，新学期开始了，不管情愿与否，无论准备与否，我们已走进高三，走近我们的梦!祝愿决战xx高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在xx年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。动名词 一、动名词作主语 1. 一般置于句首： Reading English is easier than speaking it. 2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again. 这类句子结构常见的还有： 1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk. 2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first suess. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no?句子结构中做主语： There is no asking him to e now.He is busy. 这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语，其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do? 二、动名词作表语 连系动词常与动名词连用，一起构成复合谓语：
四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who