一．选择题(每题4分)
1. 设22(,)x f y x y x y
-=-, 则(,)f x y = ( D ). (a) 2(1)1y x x +- (b) 2(1)1y x x -+ (c) 2(1)1x x x
+- (d) 2(1)1x y y +- 2. 设函数 (,)z f x y = 在点 00(,)x y 的某邻域内有定义, 且存在一阶偏导数, 则
00x x y y z y ==?=?( B ) (a) 00000(,)(,)lim y f x x y y f x y y ?→+?+?-? (b) 00000(,)(,)lim y f x y y f x y y
?→+?-? (c) 000()()
lim y f y y f y y ?→+?-? (d) 0000(,)(,)
lim y f x x f x y y ?→+?-?
3. 若D 是平面区域22{19}x y ≤+≤, 则D
dxdy ??=( B )
(a) 7π (b) 8π (c) 9π (d) 10π
4. 下面各微分方程中为一阶线性方程的是 ( B )
(a) 32xy y '+= (b) 2cos y xy x '+= (c) 2yy x '= (d) 21y xy '-=
5. 微分方程 ()0x y y x y '++-= 的通解是 ( D ). (a) 221arctan ln()2y x y C x ++= (b) 22
arctan ln()y x y C x -+= (c) 22arctan ln()y x y C x ++= (d) 2
21arctan ln()2y x y C x -+=
二.填空题(每题4分)
6. 设
z =则 13
x y z x ==?=?
____327. 设 2cot()z y xy =-, 则z y ?=?___22(2)csc ()y x y xy ---_____
8. 设sin y
x z e x y =+, 则2z x y ???=_____3cos y x x y e y x +-+_____
9. 设 2ln(32)x y z y x e =-+, 则 dz =_2223
(2)()3232x y x xe dx e dy y x y x -+++--__________.
10. 交换二次积分次序 ln 10(,)e x I dx f x y dy =??=10(,)y
e
e dy
f x y dx ??_____________.
11. 微分方程 4
43d u u v dv += 的自变量为_v_____, 未知函数为____u____, 方程的阶数为____4___
12. 微分方程 10dy dx xy -= 的通解是
___y =C 为任意常数_____
三. 解答题 (满分52分)
13. 设
(,)z z x y = 是由方程 2cos()0z e x y x z -+-= 所确定的隐函数, 求 dz
解答： 2
2
2y sin()sin()sin()2y sin()则有=+sin()sin()
z z z z z z dz dx dy x y z x x z x e x z z x y e x z x x z x dz dx dy e x z e x z ??=
+???+-=?+-?=?+-+-+-+-
14. 求函数
(3),(0,0)z xy x y x y =-->>的极值。
解答： x xx xy yy 2z =(3)0
（1）z =x (3)0
（2）联立上面（1），（2）两等式，且考虑x>0,y>0，得驻点：（1,1）
A=z =-2y ，=z 322,z 2在驻点（1，1）处，AC-B 30,且A=-2<0,此处取得极大值z=1
y y x y xy x y xy B x y C x
---=---==--==-=> 15. 计算
2D
xy dxdy ??, 其中D 是由曲线 21,,3xy y x y === 围成的平面区域。 解答：
222
123
1
313
222
001
00
dy x x dy x
9
D D D
y
xy dx xy dx xy dx
y dx y dx y dx
=++
=++
=-
??????
????
16. 计算
22
x y
D
e dxdy
+
??, 其中D是由22
25
x y
≤+≤确定。
解答：
2
2
52
2,原式=d()
d e e
π
ρ
ρθπ
ρρπ
<=<=<=<=
=-
?
17. 求微分方程
2
dy y
dx y x
=
-
的通解。
解答：
2
2
3
dy(y-x)=ydx
y()
1
3
为任意常数
dy xdy ydx d xy
y
xy C
y C
=+=
=+
=
18. 求微分方程cos
dy y
x
dx x
+=的通解。
解答：
对于齐次方程+=
dy y
dx x
0，得到齐次方程解：
,为任意常数
C
y C
x
=
2
用常数变易法，把换成u(x)，则有y=
u
-，代入原一阶线性微分方程，得
x
=x cos x，积分得到u=xsinx+cos x+C，C为任意常数，则通解
xsinx+cos x+C
y=(C为任意常数)
u
C
x
u
y
x
u
x
'
'=
'
19. 求微分方程(sin)tan0
y x dx xdy
-+=满足初始条件()1
6
y
π
=的解。
解答：
tan sin cot cos 对于奇次方程cot 0，通解为：ln ||ln |sin |1
,为任意常数 （1）sin dy x y x dx
dy y x x dx
dy y x dx
y x C C y C x
+=+=+==-+= 222利用常数变易法，将C 代替为u(x),则有：
u y=csc ,求导：sin y =u cscx-ucscxcotx,（2）
将（1）、（2）代入原微分方程，得到（sin x ）u =cosxsinx ，积分得到u=+C ，则微分方程通解：2
（sin x ）3y=（+C ）csc x ，由于y （）=1，得到=，则微分方程特解：268
（sin x ）3sin x 3y=（+）csc x=+csc x 2828
u x x
C π='''
江南大学大学英语测试 题及答案 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
大学英语（三）第一阶段a 交卷时间：2017-10-27 07:53:31 一、词汇与结构 1. (5分) These games allow gamers to_____________?with each other and play with o r against other gamers. ?A.?interact ?B.?influence ?C.?fight ?D.?meet 得分：?5 2. (5分)Unlike desktops, smartphones and tablets offer limited space and m ay ________to a customer being less thorough about exploring the menu. ?A.?explain ?B.?tell ?C.?contribute ?D.?cause 得分：?5 3.
(5分)So why do we order with more reckless __________when we're using o ur smartphones and laptops ?A.?food ?B.?drinks ?C.?snacks ?D.?abandon 得分：?5 4. (5分)So, social media is just any Internet _________that can be used to share information with others. ?A.?tool ?B.?way ?C.?medium ?D.?trick 得分：?5 5. (5分)According to Wikipedia, social media has been defined to be “a gr oup of Internet-based __________________. ?A.?facilities ?B.?applications ?C.?systems
交卷时间：2017-10-27 07:53:31 一、词汇与结构 1. (5分) These games allow gamers to_____________?with each other and play wit h or against other gamers. ??A.?interact ??B.?influence ??C.?fight ??D.?meet 纠错 得分：?5 2. (5分)Unlike desktops, smartphones and tablets offer limited space and may ________to a customer being less thorough about exploring the me nu. ??A.?explain ??B.?tell ??C.?contribute ??D.?cause 纠错
得分：?5 3. (5分)So why do we order with more reckless __________when we're usin g our smartphones and laptops? ??A.?food ??B.?drinks ??C.?snacks ??D.?abandon 纠错 得分：?5 4. (5分)So, social media is just any Internet _________that can be used to s hare information with others. ??A.?tool ??B.?way ??C.?medium ??D.?trick 纠错 得分：?5 5.
第一章 行列式 1. ()()[][][]23154110103631254=520010=8(1) 3(1)321(1)(2)(3)2 441(1)3214243(1)321012)4n n n n n n n n m n m n n n m n m n n m 1τ=++++=2τ+++++-τ-?=-+-+-+?+2+1+0===+τ-?=+=+τ-?=?（）该数列为奇排列（）该排列为偶排列（） 当或时，为偶数，排列为偶排列 当或时，为奇数，排列为奇排列（其中，，（）[][][]12(1) 13521)246(2)0123(1)2 44113521)246(2)424313521)246(2)012)2.(1)(2)(n n n n n n n m n m n n n m n m n n m i i i k n n n -τ?-?=++++?+-= ==+τ?-?=+=+τ?-?=??-+-+（ 当或时，（为偶数，排列为偶排列 当或时，（为奇数，排列为奇排列（其中，，解：已知排列的逆序数为，这个数按从大到小排列时逆序数为()()111112(1) 3)2 (1) 2 x x x n x n x n n n n n n x i r i i i n x r i n x n n i i i i i i -+-+---+?+2+1+0=----τ?=-τ?个.设第数之后有个数比小，则倒排后的位置变为，其后个数比小，两者相加为故 3 证明：.因为：对换改变排列的奇偶性，即一次变换后，奇排列改变为偶排列，偶排列改变为奇 排列∴当n ≥2时，将所有偶排列变为奇排列，将所有奇排列变为偶排列 因为两个数列依然相等，即所有的情况不变。∴偶排列与奇排列各占一半。 4 （1）13243341a a a a 不是行列式的项 14233142a a a a 是行列式的项 因为它的列排排列逆序列 τ=(4321)=3+2+0+0=5为奇数，∴应带负号 （2）5142332451a a a a a 不是行列式的项 1352413524a a a a a =1324354152a a a a a 因为它的列排排列逆序列τ(34512)=2+2+2+0+0=6 为偶数∴应带正号。 5 解： 11 233244 12 23344114 23 31 42 a a a a a a a a a a a a 利用τ为正负数来做，一共六项，τ为正，则带正号，τ为负则带负号来做。 6 解：（1）因为它是左下三角形 11 212231 32 33...... . . . . 12300 (00) ... 0... ...n n n nn a a a a a a a a a a = 112131411223242233433444 ....... . . . . . ...0 ...00 0 (0000) ...n n n n nn a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a =
大学英语（三）第三阶段 一、完形填空 1. Interviewing, though by no means the only technique for judging the personalities of prospective employees, remains the most widely used. Pencil and paper tests __1__ for many years, but no written technique has gained as wide an acceptance among employers __2__ the traditional dialogue which aims __3__ forecast future behavior by obtaining information about past and __4__. An interview usually __5__ a conversation, which may take __6__ different forms. At one end of the scale is the directed conversation __7__ on topics selected __8__ by the interviewer. At the other __9__ is the undirected at which the person being __10__ goes on about himself __11__ interruption, making his own choice of __12__. In between, and most common, lies the friendly conversation __13__ the interviewer moves at random from one subject to __14__. The carefully phrased questions of the directed conversation invariably yield the precise information the __15__ is looking for. __16__, the friendly conversation __17__ turns out to be less __18__ since the interviewer often __19__ dominating the exchange. And only in very skilled hands __20__ be an outcome of the uninterrupted talk. 纠错 (1) )分(1． A. have existed ? B. existed ? C. exist ? D. existing ?得分：1
江南大学现代远程教育第二阶段测试卷 考试科目:时间：90分钟 学习中心（教学点）批次：层次： 专业：学号：身份证号： 1. Jamieisa________pianistandhehasahugenumberoffans. A.trait https://www.doczj.com/doc/de6559634.html,anized C.talented D.derived 2. Theindustryis________byfivemultinationalcompanies. A.dominated B.derived C.implied D.contributed 3. Thegovernmentrefusesto________withterrorists. A.imply https://www.doczj.com/doc/de6559634.html,anize C.vow D.negotiate 4. TheOriginofSpecies isoneofthemost________bookseverwritten. A.influential B.invincible C.deficient D.rigorous 5. Theworkingprincipleofthismachineisthatthesignalwillbe________intodigitalcode. A.piledup B.converted C.overwhelmed D.crippled 6. Beingquestionedbythepublic,theyhave________togiveaquickanddecisiveresponse. A.devastated B.prioritized C.vowed D.remarked 7. Theywerelostinthecitybecauseitscentrehas________beyondrecognition. A.distracted B.altered C.inspired D.converted 8. Thesedogsare________tofight. A.crippled B.talented C.dominated D.bred 9. Howard________thosewhohadnoprincipleandcouldbeboughtbymoney. A.disdained B.derived C.sorted https://www.doczj.com/doc/de6559634.html,anized 10. WhenI________mychildhood,IrealizethatIwastotallycarefreeandna?ve. A.lookedin B.lookedup C.lookedback D.lookedout 第二部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） Passage1 Televisionhasopenedwindowsin everybody’s life.Youngmenwillneveragaingotowarastheydidin191 https://www.doczj.com/doc/de6559634.html,lionsofpeoplenowhaveseentheeffectsofabattle.Andtheresulthasbeenageneraldislikeofwar,andpe rhapsmoreinterestinhelpingthosewhosufferfromalltheterriblethingsthathavebeenshownonthescreen. Televisionhasalsochangedpolitics.Themostdistantareascannowfollowstateaffairs,seeandhearthep oliticiansbeforeanelection.Betterinformed,peoplearemorelikelytovote,andsotomaketheiropinioncoun t. Unfortunately,television’s influencehasbeeneGtremelyharmfultotheyoung.Childrendonothaveen ougheGperiencetorealizethatTVshowspresentanunrealworld;thatTVadvertisementslietosellproductst hataresometimesbadoruseless.Theybelievethattheviolencetheyseeisnormalandacceptable.Alleducato rsagreethatthe“television generations”aremoreviolentthantheirparentsandgrandparents.
江南大学大学英语三第三阶段 词汇 1、There are both playboys and ________men in the “Affluent Second Generation.”---B. loyal 2、Americans are more __________ to choose “love” as a reason for marriage than any other factor.--C.inclined 3、The new engine must be thoroughly _____ before being out on the market.---A. tried out 4、What t he story wants to tell us is that it will be difficult to ________to principles if their differences only lie in quantity rather than quality.----- C. adhere 5、You’d better _____ the warm weather by going for a walk this afternoon.--C. take advantage of 6、I must _____ my lawyer before I make my final decisions.--- B. contact 7、According to ___________ values, true love is a precondition for good marriages.--- C. mainstream 8、Avoid buying junk food - Resist the _________of buying junk food while shopping or going outside.--- B. temptation 9、Fruits and dry nuts would ________ your hunger away and keep you from binging on junk food.—不选DA 10、If children are taught to eat healthy and_________food from an early age, they would grow up to be strong---A. nutritious 11、We tried to _____ him _____climbing the mountain without a guide.--- A. discourage…from 12、We will not have the picnic unless more people _____.---D. signed up 13、The two cars were broken into pieces in the _____.---A. collision 14、Americans believe that love is the main ___________of marriage.--- C. requirement 15、We are _____ to John for bringing the books.--- A. grateful 16、If a girl just wanted to marry a rich man regardless of his character or true feelings, her “good marriage”would just be _____________.---D. self-deception 17、The ship _____ South America.--- A. is bound for 18、Many parents are at fault for their children to be obese at such a young age as they failed to___________their eating habits.---C 19、Jean _____ own a car but I don’t believe her.--- A. claims 20、The lifeboat went out to rescue a ship in _____.---D. distress 阅读理解 One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. 1、Who wrote the story?---D. The teacher’s neighbor. 2、Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase?---B. He needed
一、阅读理解 1. Chess must be one of the oldest games in the world. An Arab traveller in India in the year 900 wrote that it was played 'long, long ago.' Chess was probably invented in India, and it has been played everywhere from Japan to Europe since 1400. The name 'chess' is interesting. When one player is attacking the other's king, he says in English, 'check'. When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere, he says 'check mate'. These words come from Persian 'Shah mat' means 'the king is dead'. That is when the game is over, and one player has won. 答：A B A B B 2. Herman had worked for the bank of Ruritania for ten years and was still only a clerk. He was not satisfied with the position and wanted to find something better. Yet he did not want to lose his position in bank before he had got another one, so he prepared a letter about himself, with the words "HELP! I AM A PRISONER OF THE BANK OF RURITANIA!" in big letters across the top. Then he sent it to several other banks, asking them for a job. 答：B A A B A 1. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson was the first president to take the oath of office in the nation's permanent capital, Washington D.C. Although
大学英语（二）第一阶段B201609 交卷时间：2016-11-30 16:48:47 一、交际英语 1. (5分) Thanks for your help. __________ ? A. My pleasure. ? B. Never mind. ? C. Quite right. ? D. Don’t thank me. 纠错 得分： 5 知识点：1b 第一阶段B卷 展开解析 答案 A 解析 2. (5分) How are you, Bob? _______ ? A. How are you? ? B. I’m fine. Thank you. ? C. How do you do? ? D. Nice to meet you. 纠错
知识点：1b 第一阶段B卷 展开解析 答案 B 解析 3. (5分) Hello, I’m Harry Potter. Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ______. ? A. call my Charles ? B. call me at Charles ? C. call me Charles ? D. call Charles me 纠错 得分： 5 知识点：1b 第一阶段B卷 展开解析 答案 C 解析 4. (5分) Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? __________________ ? A. Who are you? ? B. Who’s there? ? C. Who could I help? ? D. Who’s that speaking?
江南大学现代远程教育 2012年下半年第三阶段测试卷考试科目:《大学英语（三）》（总分100分） 时间：90分钟 学习中心（教学点）批次：层次： 专业：学号：身份证号： 姓名：得分： 一、交际英语（10％） 1、- What are you majoring in? - _________ A：In a university. B：Very hard. C：Mathematics.D：At nine in the morning. 2、- Are you going on holiday for a long time? - _________ A：It was a long time. B：Two weeks ago. C：No. Only a couple of days. D：Not long time ago. 3、- Can you help me? - _________ A：No, I don't know. B：Sure. What is it? C：Don't mention it. D：That's it. 4、- Do you think this is a nice place? - _________ A：That's all right. B：You're well. C：No, it's not here. D：Yes, I think so. 5、- How's your mother doing? - _________ A：She is very kind. B：She is very well. C：She is not very old. D：She is doing shopping now. 二、阅读理解（30％） 1、People often say that the Englishman's home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them personal, and change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private space of a person. In a crowded city a person knows that he or she has a private space which is only for himself or herself and for invited friends. People usually like to mark their space. If you are on the beach you may have spread your towels around you; in the rain you may have put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you; in a library you may spread your books around you.
江南大学现代远程教育第一阶段测试卷 考试科目:《大学英语（三）》时间：90分钟 学习中心（教学点）批次：层次： 专业：学号：号： ：得分： 第一部分：词汇与结构（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 此部分共有10个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。 1．The invention of the telephone was a great ____D___ to human communication. A) stress B) inquiry C) intention D) contribution 2．Everyone of us __D____ tired and wanted a good rest. A) seem B) was seemed C) seems D) seemed 3． 3．Since China has entered the WTO, the ___A____ on foreign businesses will gradually be reduced. A) restrictions B) access C) exchange D) opportunity 4．I’d ___C____ it if you would turn the radio down. A) amuse B) undertake C) appreciate D) suspect 5．Bob took a part-time job _____D___ handbills for a cosmetic company. A) checking out B) setting up C) putting down D) giving out 6．By the time we arrived at the airport, the rain ____B____already _______ . A) has …stopped B) had… stopped C) /…stopped D) / … stops 7．The plane ___A____ take off at 8:30 a.m. has been delayed because of thick fog. A) due to B) already C) far from D) so far 8．Take this medicine, ___C__ you will not recover. A) and B) so C) or D) because 9．The computer is very useful because it is able to store ____D________. A) much information B) a number of informations C) many informations D) a lot information
剩余时间: 1:28:52 机考作业-大学英语（二）第一阶段 一单选题（每题5分，共5题25分。） 1. - How much is this blue tablecloth?-____ (5.0 分) a The green one is better. b Ten dollars and thirty cents. c It's cheap. d Yes. It's beautiful. 1. Did you use to play the piano?-____. (5.0 分) a Yes, I do. b No, I didn't. c Yes, I play it every day. d No, I do. 2. - Good afternoon. Can I help you?-____ (5.0 分) a No. I don't think so. b Thank you. c I nee d to buy a birthday present for my son. d Yes. I think so.
D 3. - Welcome to Unitex International. I hope you will enjoy your work here.-____ (5.0 分) a I can earn a lot. b Is this a good firm? c I am sure I will. d You ar e very kind. 4. -- Hi, is Mary there, please?-____ (5.0 分) a Hold on. I'll get her. b No, she isn't here.
江南大学网络教育第一阶段练习题 考试科目:《大学英语（二）》第章至第章（总分100分） __________学习中心（教学点）批次：层次： 专业：学号：身份证号： 姓名：得分： 一阅读理解 (共2题，总分值20分 ) 1. There was once an ant that was very thirsty. It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any. Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it. The ant drank the water, which saved its life. The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying. Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings. The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds. "Why are you sad?" asked the ant. "I'm the prisoner of a giant." the girl told the ant. "He won't let me go until I've made three separate heaps of grain, barley（大麦）and rye（黑麦）out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together." "That will take you a month!" the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds. "I know," the girl cried, "and if I can’t finish by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!" "Don't cry," the ant said, "my friends and I will help you." Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.
大学英语（三）20171203第二阶段b 交卷时间：2017-10-27 08:09:38 一、完形填空 1. here are various ways to say things without actually using words. For ex ample, if you want to __1__ a seat next to you at a sports event, you pu t a sweater or jacket across the seat. When you do this, your __2__ tell s people that the seat is not __3__. Your sweater or jacket has marked t he place as __4__ you for a while. The same message is given __5__ you s pread a blanket on a beach. You are telling people which __6__ you are c laiming. You are laying out a boundary (界限, 分界线) that marks a secti on of the sand as __7__. It includes not only the blanket area, but also a small area __8__ it. __9__ you happen to go to the park and occupy the middle of a bench, you are showing __10__ that you want the entire bench to yourself for a while. __11__ if you slide over to the side of the bench, you are letti ng people know that you are willing to __12__ the bench with others. All human beings need territories (领土), __13__ areas, of their ow n. All of us find ways to mark places as ours. Space says without __14__ what a person's territory is. Space also tells something about a person 's __15__ towards others. Dr. Edward T. Hall was one of the first scientists to study how "space _ _16__". He believes that each human being, like other animals, has vario us zones __17__ to move about, or to stay. Dr. Hall __18__ that there is an invisible bubble around each person. This bubble defines each person 's own private territory. It is the __19__ that people want to __20__ be tween themselves and other people or things. 纠错 (1) (1分) ? A. find ? B. reserve ? C. assign
年江南大学-大学英语一阶段
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答案： 1-10: A D B A C A A A A D 11-20: C B D A D B C A A A 21-30: B B B A C B B D B A 31-40: B A D D C D B A B B 41-50: D B B A D D C B B D Part I V ocabulary and Structure Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1.The ship _____ South America. A. is bound for B. bound for C. bound to D. is bound to 2.The lifeboat went out to rescue a ship in _____. A. disgrace B. disappointment C. despair D. distress 3.I must _____ my lawyer before I make my final decisions. A. contrast B. contact C. contract D. compare 4.The two cars were broken into pieces in the _____. A. collision B. crash C. collapse D. confusion 5.You’d better _____ the warm weather by going for a walk this afternoon. A. take use of B. take the advantage of C. take advantage of D. take the use of 6.Jean _____ own a car but I don’t believe her. A. claims B. claims to C. claims that D. claims of 7.We tried to _____ him _____climbing the mountain without a guide. A. discourage from
请联系网站删除资料收集于网络，如有侵权b 20171203第二阶段大学英语（三）2017-10-27 08:09:38 交卷时间：一、完形填空1. For using words. things without actually here are various ways to say yoevent, a you at sports to __1__ a seat next to example, if you want __2_your you do this, or jacket across the seat. When u put a sweater mahas sweater or jacket seat is not __3__. Your _ tells people that the __given message is for a while. The same rked the place as __4__ you __6which telling people a beach. You are 5__ you spread a blanket on that 分界线) boundary (界限, you __ are claiming. You are laying out a blanket only the It includes not a marks section of the sand as __7__. it. __8__ a also small area area, but bea middle of the to the park and occupy happen __9__ you to go yourselto entire bench that you want the showing nch, you are __10__ aryou bench, side of the you while. __11__ if slide over to the a f for otwith the bench you that are willing to __12__ letting e people know hers. own. their __13__ areas, of (human All beings need territories 领土), __14__