Ⅰ.Match the word with its meaning.
1．astronomy A．学说；理论
2．system B．猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
3．theory C．大气层；气氛
4．violent D．基本的；基础的
5．atmosphere E．乘；增加
6．fundamental F．谜；(使)迷惑
7．harmful G．存在；生存
8．multiply H．有害的
9．exist I．天文学
10．puzzle J．系统；体系；制度
答案：1～5 IJABC 6～10 DHEGF
Ⅱ.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.
1．The truth will come to light in time.迟早
2．As we know, laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.下蛋
3．Once she has made up her mind, nobody can prevent her from carrying out the plan.阻止
4．When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak.轮到
5．Jane has just given birth to twins, so her mother must be in the hospital looking after her now.分娩
6．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.对……(来说)是基本的
Ⅰ.No one knows exactly how the earth and life began, but ancient legends (传说) may tell us something about it. Look at the following pictures and fill in the blanks.
①Picture A may tell us Pangu separates the sky from the earth.
②Picture B may tell us the Goddess Nvwa mended the heaven and created human beings from the clay (黏土)．
③Picture C may tell us according to the Bible God created the world in seven days.
Ⅱ.Discussion: Are you interested in astronomy? Why?
Yes,_I_am._Because_I_want_to_know_more_about_the_stars,_the_moon,_the_sun_and_the _universe._If_we_explored_and_studied_them_very_well,_we_can_serve_for_our_country_and_ human_beings_very_well.
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
1．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.
Para. 1 A．The formation of the earth.
Para. 2 B．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.
Para. 3 C．The development of plants and animals on the earth.
Para. 4 D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.
Para. 5 E．The importance of water for life.
答案：Paras.1～5 BAECD
2．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．The importance of water.
B．How the life began on the earth.
C．How human beings appeared.
D．How plants appeared.
答案：B
Ⅱ.Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?
A．The earth had a solid shape.
B．The earth didn't have harmful gases in its atmosphere.
C．The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.
D．The earth was not too hot and not too cold.
2．Why are plants important on the earth?
A．They produce oxygen for animals.
B．They provide the shade for animals.
C．They provide a beautiful scene.
D．They protect the soil from being destroyed.
3．What is the correct order according to the text?
①The clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.
②The “Big Bang”．
③Small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.
④65 million years ago, the age of the dinosaurs ended.
A．②①③④ B．④③①②
C．②④③①D．②③④①
4．Early humans appeared after dinosaurs died out ________ million years later.
A．67.6 B．62.4
C．65 D．140
答案：1～4 CADB
Ⅲ.Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.
[尝试翻译] 没有人确切地知道地球的起源，因为那是很久以前的事了。
2．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
[尝试翻译] 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38－45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。
3．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
[句式分析] 这是一个复杂的句子。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。
[尝试翻译] 更重要的是，随着地球的不断冷却，地球表面出现了水。
4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
[尝试翻译] 所以在未来的千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问
题能否得到解决。
[对应学生课下能力提升(十三)]
阅读理解
A
Of all the planets, none has captured (吸引) the world's imagination like Mars.Its reddish (淡红的) color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars.Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H．G.Wells' The War of the Worlds.Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars.Wells described Martians as threatening.Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works.Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited (沿轨道运行), landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it.Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma.They heard about Mars and its geology from experts.They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet.Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right.He said，“It's actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown.”Emma is six.She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars.She said，“The closest thing to Mars — the stuff — is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day”offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
语篇解读：在“火星日”，人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Why Martians were considered threatening.
B．Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C．What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D．How H．G.Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
解析：选C 段落大意题。通读第二段，可知主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选C。
2．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that ________．
A．today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B．today's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C．science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D．space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.”以及后一句“Space scientists have collected a wealth of information ...”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
3．What is the writer's attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars?
A．He thinks it may happen in this year.
B．He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C．He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D．He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
解析：选D 观点态度题。根据末段的“a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。
4．The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” might NOT offer people a chance to ________．
A．learn about the surface of Mars
B．see a test version of some Viking landers
C．see meteorites known to have come from Mars
D．sit in a spacecraft to experience the life of an astronaut
解析：选D 细节理解题。通读全文，可知作者并没有提到在火星日，前往参观的人可以坐在宇宙飞船里体验宇航员的生活，故选D。
B
When I arrived at 6 am in the hospital kitchen, Rose was already checking name tags (标签) on the trays (托盘)．
“Hi, I'm Janet.” I tried to sound cheerful, although I already knew Rose's reputation for being impossible to work with. “I'm scheduled to work with you this week.”
Rose, a middle-aged woman, stopped what she was doing and looked closely over her reading glasses. I could tell from her expression she wasn't pleased to see a student worker.
“What do you want me to do? Start the coffee？” I asked.
Rose nodded and went back to checking name tags.
I filled the 40-cup pot with cold water and began making coffee when Rose yelled, “That's not the way to make coffee！” She stepped in and took over. Nothing I did pleased her.
Back at home, I stayed alone in my room, fighting back tears. I thought, “Maybe she didn't feel well. Maybe she had some trouble.” I decided to forgive her and try to get along with her.
The next morning, I ignored the hurtful remarks thrown in my direction and did things Rose's way as much as possible.
Over the next few days an amazing thing began to happen. My focus shifted from what she was doing to me, and I started seeing Rose as the person she was hurting. The icy tension began to melt away.
Throughout the rest of the summer, we had numerous opportunities to work together. Each time she seemed happy to see me. As I worked with this lonely woman, I listened to her — something no one else had done. I learned that she was burdened by elderly parents who needed her care and her own health problems.
That summer I learned a lesson I've never forgotten. The world is full of people like Rose — annoying, demanding, unlovable — yet hurting inside. I've found that love is the best way to turn an enemy into a friend.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者通过暑期兼职经历领悟到要善待不好相处的人。
5．What was Rose's attitude towards the author the first day they met?
A．Polite. B．Curious.
C．Dissatisfied. D．Unashamed.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第六段末的“Rose yelled ‘That's not the way to make coffee！’ She stepped in and took over. Nothing I did pleased her.”可推断，Rose与作者认识的当天对作者很不满意。
6．After getting home from work the first day, the author ________．
A．was very tired B．felt quite upset
C．was pretty lonely D．felt generally unwell
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第七段中的“fighting back tears”可知，作者在第一天工作完回家后感到很不开心。
7．What did the author do after her first day of working with Rose?
A．She hurt Rose. B．She helped Rose.
C．She ignored Rose. D．She tolerated Rose.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第八段中的“I ignored the hurtful remarks thrown in my direction and did things Rose's way as much as possible”可知，与Rose第一天合作后，作者开始包容Rose。
8．What can we infer from the text?
A．Never judge by appearances.
B．Friendship is love with understanding.
C．Misfortunes test the sincerity of friends.
D．Man has not a greater enemy than himself.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后两段尤其是文章末句“I've found that love is the best way to turn an enemy into a friend.”可知，作者对Rose采取了包容的态度后两人关系变得和谐，作者逐渐理解了Rose，且两人最终成为了朋友。据此可推断，友谊就是爱和理解。
C
It seems we can't get off the planet fast enough. Two thirds of NASA's money is spent on manned space exploration, and that number will grow with the USA's decision to send a man to Mars in 2037. We've seen all there is to see on Earth, right? Wrong. The final place is here, under the surface of the sea.
Heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached. At 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode (内爆) before they reach 1 km down. At 3 km — still less than the average depth of the ocean — there's a good chance that you'll discover a new species. The deepest-diving whales go no further. At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.
Yet things live down there. Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.
In the late 1990s, deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and passing 4，000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised? Don't be. The ocean covers 70% of the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.
One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms. The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans. They're absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they can't look under the sea. The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all our lives. Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy.
Perhaps now it's time to begin a new period of sea exploration. Manned exploration of space is science fiction (科幻小说). The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.
语篇解读：本文是议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。
9．What do we know about the Challenger Deep?
A．Blue whales live there.
B．No one has ever been there.
C．People are terrified by the sight of it.
D．It is the deepest known location on Earth.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。
10．What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?
A．It's surprising. B．It's no wonder.
C．It's worrying. D．It's no success.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Surprised? Don't be. The ocean covers 70% of the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.”可知，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。
11．Why do we need to explore the sea?
A．Sea exploration is cheaper than ever before.
B．We have explored less than 5% of the sea.
C．It will help improve our future life.
D．It will benefit space exploration.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“the results would benefit all our lives. Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy”可知，海洋探索将造福人类。
12．What does the author want to tell us?
A．Space exploration is of little value.
B．We spend too much money on space travel.
C．Humans' success lies in how much they explore the sea.
D．The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点出自己的观点：“The final place is
here, under the surface of the sea.”，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。
[课文对译]
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
For several billion years after the “Big Bang”，the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became to violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
地球上生命的起源
没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为在很早以前它就形成了。然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。
大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38－45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它(地球)猛烈地爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。
在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水会对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家认为，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。它们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆地上生活，也能在水里生存。后来，当植物长大成了森林的时候，爬行动物出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的增多有了可能。哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。
最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却不怎么在意，他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。因此许多科学家相信地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science Of The Stars天文学：恒星的科学 II．Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上的生命是怎样开始的No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。【注释：as it happened 碰巧eg. They were all out, as it happened.真巧, 他们全出去了。】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。【注释：in all directions四面八方；各个方向eg. The birds flew away in all directions when he fired a salute with a“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。】After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。 For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。【注释：settle into有头绪, 上正轨eg. Things soon settled into shape.事情很快有了头绪。】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此剧烈，以致于它能否持续下来还不清楚。【注释：①so… that…如此…以致于…：eg. The words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them.话说得那么快，我几乎都听不清。②it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not.】It exploded loudly with fire and rock. “大爆炸”发生时伴有(艳丽的)火焰和岩石。【注释：explode vt. & vi.使爆炸；爆发explode with anger勃然大怒；explode with laughter哄然大笑；explode into laughte r突然大笑起来；explode into pieces炸得粉碎。如：Many people were injured when the boiler exploded.锅炉爆炸时，许多人受了伤。】They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.他们最终形成了碳、氮、水蒸气和其它气体，而这些就构成了地球的大气。【注释：in time (1)迟早, 最后eg. In time you'll
教学过程 一、课堂导入 学习下列谚语： You are what you eat. 人如其食。 First wealth is health. -----Emerson 健康是人生的第一财富。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生不来找。 二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对情态动词具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的课本知识的学习。 三、知识讲解 考点/易错点1 重点单词与短语学习 balance n. 天平，平衡；余额，余数v. 平衡；权衡balanced adj. 均衡的 (回归课本P10)
What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet? Eg: 1). Try to achieve a better balance between work and play. 争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来。 2). I must check my bank balance (= find out how much money I have in my account). 我要核对一下我在银行的余额（看我的帐户上有多少钱）。 3). Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less protein. 多吃些水果，少摄入些蛋白质，使饮食均衡合理。 [归纳拓展] a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡 keep one’s balance保持平衡 lose one’s balance (= be out of balance) 失去平衡 think of想，考虑 (回归课本P10) He thought of his mutton，beef and bacon cooked in the hottest，finest oil. （1）想起；记起Sorry，I didn`t think of your name just now. （2）考虑We should think of the matter carefully. （3）为…着想Chen is always thinking of the poor people in the poor areas. （4）想；打算I am thinking of giving up smoking. [归纳拓展] think about想；考虑think much of 对…评价很高think highly / well of 高度评价 think out 想出 think badly / little of认为不好think over 仔细考虑 tired of 厌倦 (回归课本P10) Tired of all that fat? 厌倦肥腻了吧？ be tired of 对……厌倦 eg. I’m tired of your conversation.你的讲话我听腻了. I grow tired of asking this，so it’ll be the last time. 我已厌烦了问这个问题，所以这是最后一次.
文化第二课第二框题《文化塑造人生》教案 第一部分教材分析 一、【教学目标】： 1、知识目标 ◇分析：优秀文化如何丰富人的精神世界；优秀文化如何增强人的精神力量。 2、能力目标 结合文化塑造人生，不断丰富自己的精神世界，促进自身的全面发展 3、情感、态度、价值观目标： 丰富精神世界，增强精神力量，接受优秀文化，促进自身个而发展 二、【课程标准】： 赏析优秀文化产品，感悟积极向上的文化生活对于丰富人们的精神世界、增强人们的精神力量的意义，确信其促进人的全面发展的重要作用。 第二部分教学建议 自我感悟体验，反思自己所参与的文化活动或文化方式，如阅读报刊图书、观看音像制品和电影电视、参与文化娱乐和文化旅游等，对自己人生道路产生什么样的影响。 集体合作讨论。一是从理论上总结，文化在塑造人生方面的表现；二是分析文化在自身全面发展中的作用。 第三部分教学过程 一、丰富精神世界----文化塑造人生的一个重要内容 ◇课堂探究：(1)你认为，这些语句为什么能够代代相传? (2)你怎样看待这次评选的结果?你读过其中的作品吗?可谈谈自己的感受与同学们分享。 (3)你认为哪些书曾影响了一代人的成长，能就此提供自己的说明或例证吗? ◇探究提示：(1)这些语句具有深刻的文化内涵。杜甫、范仲淹的诗表现了诗人具有先人后己的高尚情怀，李白的诗具有不事权贵、正气凛然的气质。诗词中忧国爱民、正气凛然的情操感染了具有进步思想的人。因此这些脍炙人口的语句得以代代相传。 (2)同学之间讨论这次评选结果，请看过此书的同学谈一下读后感，叙述精彩的段落或者对自己启发、影响深刻的故事、语句、诗词等，谈谈自己受到了哪些影响。 (3)启发同学们搜集材料进行交流共享。 1．优秀文化能丰富人的精神世界 人创造了文化，文化也在塑造着人。优秀文化能够丰富人的精神世界。积极参加健康有益的文化活动，不断丰富自身的精神世界，是培养健全人格的重要途径。人们对真善美的追求，也是塑造健全人格的过程。 2．我国当前人民精神世界的主流 改革开放以来，空前繁荣的中国特色社会主义文化，开阔了人们的视野，促进了思想解放和观念更新，人们的自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识和民主法治意识大大增强，爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，科学文明、开拓进取、健康向上的思想观念和道德风尚，成为我国人民精神世界的主流。 ◇课堂探究：(1)如果你参加了学校的社团组织和活动，谈谈印象最深、感受最强的体验。 (2)有人认为，参加学校社团组织和活动浪费时间、耽误学习。你如何评析这种看法?
Unit 4 Astronomy : the science the stars I .写出下列必考单词 1.大气层n . 2.乘，增加v . 3.人造卫星n . 4.不同，不像prep . 5.气候n . _____ 6.地心引力；重力n . 7.理论n . ____________ 8.碰撞，坠落v . 9.宇宙飞船n . 10.拉力，拖，牵引力n.&v . 11.基本的，基础的adj . 12.链子，锁链n . 13.天文学n . ]4.原子n . II.写出下列单词的变化形式 1.系统（n .）；系统的（adj .） 2.球体，地球（n .）；全球性的（adj .） 3.猛烈的（adj .）"暴力（n .）；猛烈地（adv .） 4.生存（v .）；生存（n .） 5.物理学家（n .）；物理（n .）；身体的（adj .） 6.生物学（n .）；生物学家（n .） 7.宗教（n.）；宗教的（adj.） 8.原子（n.）；原子的（adj.） ?活学活用 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The treatment they gave him did him more than good, though the doctor insisted it was ___________ .（harm） 2.Air everywhere and its makes it possible for us to live on. （exist） 3.He is very.For example, the lifting device he made is a of ropes and pulleys, （system） 4.A tour means traveling all around the. （globe） 5.The use of against the attackers led to more clashes, （violently） 6.She was a woman who wouldn, t hurt an ant. （gently） III.翻译下列必背短语 1.及时，终于_______________ 2.下蛋 ______________ 3.高兴，振奋_______________ 4.产生，分娩_______________ 5.轮到某人_______________ 6.爆发 ______________ 7.阻止 ______________ 8.既然 ______________
教学设计说明 1.教材分析 外研版高中英语教材分为必修（1-5册）和顺序选修（6-11册）。本课选自外研版高中英语必修三（供高中一年级下学期使用）模块1，单元的核心主题是Europe，介绍了欧洲的一些城市。各个板块内容分别是topic& task, grammar/function, skills, vocabulary/everyday English, culture/learning to learn, work-book六部分组成。通过本单元的学习，学生可以具体了解欧洲的一些国家或城市的历史发展，著名建筑物以及历史上的著名人物。本单元第一部分是Induction，除了对单词的学习，还介绍了一些国家或城市的名字，并对其的地理方位进行了描述，通过一张map，对这些城市进行学习。第二部分是Reading and Vocabulary，是本节课的重点，重点分析课文： Great European Cities. Function部分，主要进行Describing Location的学习。 接下来是对Grammar 1 Passive voice: present and past forms 和Grammar 2 Subject and verb agreement的学习。还有一部分技巧训练，对听、说、读、写四个方面进行练习。下一部分是 Pronunciation and everyday English的练习，最后一部分是Culture corner部分的学习，增加对欧洲文化知识的了解。 本课选取本单元的Reading and Vocabulary 部分的文章Great European Cities作为教学重点内容，作为本单元的第二课时，但是阅读课的第一课时，该文章是分别对欧洲四个国家的著
英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy课文翻译 作者：未知来源：尚学苑2014-09-20 LIF HOW E BEGAN ON THE EARTH No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a "Big Bang" that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. For several billion years after the "Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young enerally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
人教版高中政治必修三：3.1《世界文化的多样性》教案 【新课推进】 （一）世界文化异彩纷呈，交相辉映（板书） 首先，我们来欣赏PPT内容，包括各地节日，文化遗产等等，然后引导学生讨论世界上各个国家和民族自己独特的文化，集中体现在哪些方面（民族节日和文化遗产） 1.民族节日：民族文化的集中展示（板书） （1）（什么叫）民族节日，（即）蕴涵着民族生活中的风土人情、宗教信仰和道德伦理等文化因素，是一个民族历史文化的长期积淀。而庆祝民族节日，是民族文化的集中展示，也是民族情感的集中表达下面我们来看PPT内容：①春节前夕，农民工从各地返乡、春节时，贴春联，放烟花等。②端午节，包粽子，赛龙舟等。 然后向学生说明：春节是中国民间最隆重的传统节日，春节期间庆祝活动丰富多彩，通过扫尘、守岁、挂年灯、贴春联、放鞭炮、拜年、舞狮子、耍龙灯、踩高跷、赏花灯等习俗活动，祝福新的一年团圆发财、万事如意，整个节日期问充满着喜庆的气氛。稍加详细介绍一下端午节。据说，屈原于五月初五自投汨罗江，死后为蛟龙所困，世人哀之，每于此日投五色丝粽子于水中，以驱蚊龙。又传，屈原投汨罗江后，当地百姓闻讯马上划船捞救，千直行至洞庭湖，终不见屈原的尸体。那时，恰逢雨天，湖面上的小舟一起汇集在岸边的亭子旁。当人们得知是打捞贤臣屈大夫时，再次冒雨出动，争相划进茫茫的洞庭湖。为了寄托哀思，
人们荡舟江河之上，此后才逐渐发展成为龙舟竞赛。看来，端午节吃粽子、赛龙舟与纪念屈原相关，有唐代文秀《端午》诗为证：“节分端午自谁言，万古传闻为屈原。堪笑楚江空渺渺，不能洗得直臣冤。” （2）探讨：我国或国外还有哪些比较著名的民族节日，他们表现出了哪些民族文化或民族情感。 2.文化遗产：国家和民族历史文化成就的重要标志（板书） ──文化遗产不仅对于研究人类文明的演进具有重要意义，而且对于展现世界文化的多样性具有独特作用，它们是人类共同的文化财富。 提问学生：你去过哪些文化遗产，能举例分析一下它们的历史成就和文化特色吗？ 可以举例：地震出的丽江古城，真实完美地保存和再现了古朴的风貌，展现了悠久、淳朴的纳西族文化。世界著名的文化遗产有中国的长城、北京故宫、莫高窟、秦始皇陵与兵马俑、大津巴布韦遗址、埃及金字塔、美洲金字塔、英伦巨石阵、麦加清真寺、比萨斜塔等等。 （二）透视文化多样性（板书） 1．文化多样性的界定（板书） 相对于世界文化的总体，我们所说的文化多样性，主要是指民族文化的多样性。 A.不同民族的形成了各具特色的文化传统（板书） PPT举例：民族服饰、饮食的多样性表现（展示蒙古族人的衣食习惯和傣族的衣食习惯，比较有什么不同） B.不同的地域，有地域文化的差异（板书）
高一英语第十一次课----- 必修三module3 一、考点、热点回顾 （一）key words and phrases 1.experience vt.经历n(可数)经历n(不可数)经验 2.cause vt.引起，导致cause sb. to do sth.导致某人去做某事cause sb. trouble/problems 给某人带来麻烦/问题 cause n.起因，理由，事业-------指造成某事的直接原因，后常接of或to do reason n.原因，理由------指从逻辑推理上得出的原因，后常接for或定语从句。 3.bury vt.埋葬 bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手捂脸4.occur vi.发生-------指发生时，有计划无计划均可。脑海中出现某种想法。 happen vi.发生------指事先无计划偶然发生。碰巧作某事happen to do sth. take place 发生-------指事先安排，计划的事情。举行。 以上三词均无被动形式。 sth. Occurs sb. 某人想起=strike/hit eg: A good idea occurred to me . It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人想起It occurred to me to visit my teacher. It occurs to sb. that…某人想起It occurred to me that I should visit my teacher. 5.take off 去掉，脱掉，起飞，成功，休假，减去，移动 6.strike vt＆n.(雷电，暴风雨等）袭击=hit，击打，碰撞，罢工，想起=occur to,打动 (1)The miners went on strike for higher pay. (2)Does this clock strike twelve? (3)A good idea struck me while I was walking along the river. (4)He hit me ,so I struck him back. (5)A huge forest fire broke out after the lighting struck. (6)I am still struck by the native beauty of the lake. 7.ruin vt.毁坏，破坏，使堕落n.毁灭，崩溃，废墟in ruins 变成一片废墟 8.warn vt.警告，告诫，提醒注意warn sb. of/about sth.提醒某人注意某事 warn sb. not to do sth.= warn sb.against doing sth. 提醒某人不要做某事 give a warning 发出警告without warning 毫无预警 9.in all 总共，总计 above all 最重要的是after all 毕竟at all 确实，根本first of all首all of a sudden突然all in all从各方面考虑all along一直，始终 10.possibility n.可能性，可能发生的事 There is a/no possibility that… 有（不）可能There is a/no possibility of doing sth.有（没有）的可能 possible adj.可能的It is possible (for sb.)to do sth. It is possible that……. 11.set fire to =set….on fire 放火（焚烧）……. on fire着火（状态）catch fire 着火（动作）put out a fire扑灭火 12.put out 扑灭（火），伸出，出版 put off推迟put up张贴，建造put away放好，收好put on 穿上，上演put forward 提出 1．拿起；拾起；搭载；学会；收听2．平均 3．有史以来4．到……时为止 5．结束；告终6．扑灭 7．放火烧…… 8．总共 9．带来损害10．使某人无家可归 pick up on average of all time by the time end up put out set fire to in all do/cause damage make sb. homeless
第五课《文化创新》优秀教案 第一框文化创新的源泉和作用 【教学目标】 一、知识目标 1、理解文化发展的实质就在于文化创新 2、理解社会实践是文化创新的源泉和动力 3、理解文化创新对社会实践具有重要的反作用 二、能力目标 1、通过分析采风活动，揭示文化创新的源泉，培养透过现象认识事物本质的能力 2、比较鲁迅的作品与高尔基的作品，增强比较事物的能力 三、情感、态度与价值观目标 1、明确创新的意义，使学生更加认同建设创新型国家的必要性 2、感悟文化创新是一个民族的文化永葆生命力和富有凝聚力的重要保证，激发学生 在各个领域勇于创新的热情 【教学重点】 文化创新的源泉和动力文化创新的作用 【教学难点】 社会实践是文化创新的动力 【教学方法】 采用学案教学和课堂活动相结合 【教学过程】 （导入）：文化传承的过程就是文化发展的过程，文化传播与文化继承，无不内在地包含着文化创新的要求。本课就专门讲述有关文化创新的内容，什么是文化创新？文化创新的源泉和动力是什么？文化创新有什么作用？文化创新的主体是谁？这些是我们今天所要探究的问题。 一、文化创新的源泉和作用 （填空《第二教材》P291） 1、文化发展的实质就在于文化创新 就文化自身的发展而言，文化发展的实质在于文化创新，但说到底，文化创新源于社会实践，文化创新是社会实践发展的必然要求，是文化自身发展的内在动力。 处理：P48探究1，体会社会实践对文化创新的作用 2、社会实践对文化创新的作用 ⑴实践：人们改造客观世界的活动，是一种有目的，有意识的社会性活动。
③文化创新的根本目的和检验标准是推动社会实践的发展 思维提升：怎样理解社会实践与文化创新的关系？ ⑵能够促进民族文化的繁荣（从文化自身发展的角度） 活动一：处理P50探究3 归纳：书法家在博采众长的基础上创造出自己的风格与特点，无疑丰富了中国的书法艺术，为我国的书法艺术增添了新的气息和活力。 活动二：举例徽班进京→京剧产生；杂技《天鹅湖》 归纳：只有在实践中不断创新，传统文化才能焕发生机，历久弥新，民族文化才能充满活力，日益丰富。文化创新，是一个民族的文化永葆生命力和富有凝聚重证。 情感教育：要发展和繁荣中华民族文化，我们可以做些什么？ （过渡）： 今天，我们生活在全面建设小康社会，发展中国特色社会主义的新时期，在这个高起点上推动文化创新、解放和发展文化生产力是繁荣文化的必由之路。在这个文化创新的时代，谁是真正的创新主体呢？ 4、文化创造的主体：人民群众 人民群众从来就是社会实践的主体，其主要的稳定的部分是劳动群众。人民群众在实践中积累的丰富经验，构成了人类精神财富上的原料和半成品，科学家、艺术家对此再进行加工、整理，才形成了精神财富；劳动群众在实践中还直接创造了精神财富。总之，人民群众在文化创造中发挥的作用是不能忽视的。 （过渡）： 这里要特别注意，文化工作者在文化创新中起着非常重要的作用。在当代，文化工作者的职责和使命是什么呢？ 5、当代文化工作者的使命和职责 ⑴自觉投身于发展中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中 ⑵关注最广大人民群众的根本利益 ⑶理解人民群众对文化生活的基本需求 ⑷虚心向人民群众学习 ⑸从人民群众的伟大实践和丰富多彩的生活中汲取营养，刻苦钻研，锐意创新 ⑹创造出无愧于时代和人民的文化作品 处理：P51探究4 【课堂小结】 通过本课时学习，我们明白了四个道理，那就是文化发展的实质就在于创新；文化创新的源泉和动力是社会实践；文化创造的主体是人民群众；文化创新能够推动社会实践的发展，促进民族文化的繁荣。因此，在这个文化创新的时代，特别是文化工作者们担负着历史的重
高中英语必修三 u n i t4学案及答案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Book3 Unit4 Period 6 编写：孙东夷 3/10/2015 学习目标：A/B 1.复习并掌握本单元单词和词组 2.能拓展相关词汇并应用 C 1复习并掌握本单元单词和词组 2.能拓展相关词汇 D.1. 复习并掌握本单元单词和词组 Ⅰ.立体式复习单词 A．基础单词 1．________n．系统；体系；制度2．________n．宗教；宗教信仰3．________n．学说；理论4．________prep.不同，不像5．________vi.& vt.乘；增加6．________adv.因此，于是7．________n．万有引力；重力8．________adj.温和的；文雅的9．________n．气候 10．________vi.& vt.碰撞，坠落11．________n．& vt.拉(力)，拖，牵引(力) 12．________vi.& vt.(使)浮动，(使)漂浮 B．词汇拓展 13．________adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→________n．暴力；暴行；剧烈14．________adj.基本的；基础的→________adv.根本上；完全地 15．________adj.有害的→________n．危害；害处 16．________vi.存在；生存→________n．存在，生存 17．________n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→________adj.令人迷惑的，困惑的→________adj.迷惑的，困惑的 18．________n．地球，世界→________adj.全球性 Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语 A．短语互译 1．________________及时，终于2．________________下蛋 3．________________产生，分娩4．________________阻止，制止5．________________in one's turn 6．________________cheer up 7．________________break out 8．________________watch out 9．________________block out 10．________________now that B．用上面短语的适当形式填空 11．Do you know that crocodiles reproduce by__________ 12．During the car accident，he was____________to escape from the car without being hurt. 13．The tall tree____________the sunlight. 14．The war____________between the two countries. 15．____________for wild animals when you go up the hills. Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型 2
【今日任务知会于心】 1.检查上次作业，查漏补缺； 2.复习必修三Unit 2 词汇与课文； 3.复习英语词类——名词与冠词； 4.掌握英语词类——数词； 5.熟练语法填空题型与解题技巧。 【课前热身小试牛刀】 1、考查必修三Unit 1的词汇。 （见附页——测试题） 【知识精讲讲练结合】 一、数词（详见思维导图） 二、必修三Unit 2精讲： （见《中学教材全解》） 三、语法填空。 Cloze 1 A very tall, old tree had been growing quite slowly for a number of years. It was nearly the 1 (old) tree in the forest, and it raised its head high above the others toward the sky 2 a king of trees. One spring day the wind brought a 3 (pride) little seed and dropped it at the root of the tree. Soon it grew into a plant. “I’ll climb to the top of the tree,” said 4 little plant. “They’ll see how quickly I can grow.” So it held tightly to the tree and climbed 5 it was up to the top branch. It said to the tree, ”You have grown for a great many years, and I only 6 (begin) this summer and see where I have come to. ” But the old tree just said 7 at all. After a while a great storm
（此文档为word格式，下载后可以任意修改，直接打印使用！） 第一框加强思想道德建设 一、教材分析 《加强思想道德建设》是人教版高中政治必修一《文化生活》第十课第一框题的教学内容。主要学习加强思想道德建设的原因和要求，在前后两个框题中起到了承上启下的作用。 二、教学目标 1、知识目标 识记：社会主义思想道德建设的主要内容。 理解：加强社会主义思想道德建设的主要内容必要性和重要性 分析：社会主义荣辱观的特点，以及它和加强社会主义思想道德建设的内在联系。 2、能力目标 通过对社会主义荣辱观的特点的学习，提高学生多角度认识和分析问题的能力。 3、情感、态度、价值观目标： 通过本课的学习，提高对加强社会主义思想道德建设的认识，自觉树立社会主义荣辱观，做“明荣知耻”的中学生。 三、教学重难点 教学重点：为什么要加强思想道德建设。 教学难点：怎样加强思想道德建设。 四、学情分析 通过上一框题的学习，学生对加强社会主义精神文明建设已经有了一个初步的了解，知道了科学文化建设的相关内容，本课将重点学习另外一个方面，从而帮助学生从整体上把握社会主义思想道德建设的内涵。 五、教学方法 1、讲授法 2、分组学习 3、学案导学 六、课前准备
1“感动中国”人物评选。 2、“抗震救灾”英雄人物表彰大会。 七、课时安排：1课时 八、教学过程 （一）预习检查、总结疑惑 检查落实学生的预习情况，充分了解学情，使教学更具有针对性。 （二）情境导入、精讲点拨 作为中央电视台倾力打造的一个精神品牌栏目，《感动中国》已经连续举办七年，它以评选出当年度具有震撼人心、令人感动的人物为主打内容，过去七年间，《感动中国》节目向全国观众推出了六十多位人物，其中有徐本禹、高耀洁、田世国、丛飞、王顺友等来自民间的杰出人士，有成龙、濮存昕、刘翔、姚明等光彩耀人的明星，也有钟南山、袁隆平、桂希恩、黄伯云这样的睿智学者，每个人物身上都有一种让观众感到心灵震撼的精神力量。《感动中国》因此也被媒体誉为“中国人的年度精神史诗”。 问题：这样的活动属于精神文明建设中的哪一部分内容？你认为举行这样的活动有什么意义？ （三）合作探究、精讲点拨 一、我心目中的道德典范 课堂探究：①在中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革的过程中，涌现出许多道德典范。在你看来，他们有什么共同特点? ②你还能举出至今仍具有生命力的中华传统美德格言吗? 探究提示： ①他们都具有高尚的思想道德。在处理个人与他人、个人与社会、个人与国家的关系时，舍己为人，公而忘私，为革命、建设和改革业做出巨大贡献。 ②“乐以天下，忧以天下”；“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻如鸿毛”；“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”；“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”；“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”；“与朋友交，言而有信”；等等。 通过以上探究活动，我们进一步明确了：
Book3 Unit4 Period 6 编写：孙东夷3/10/2015 学习目标：A/B 1.复习并掌握本单元单词和词组 2.能拓展相关词汇并应用 C 1复习并掌握本单元单词和词组2.能拓展相关词汇 D.1. 复习并掌握本单元单词和词组 Ⅰ.立体式复习单词 A．基础单词 1．________n．系统；体系；制度2．________n．宗教；宗教信仰3．________n．学说；理论 4．________prep.不同，不像5．________vi.& vt.乘；增加6．________adv.因此，于是7．________n．万有引力；重力 8．________adj.温和的；文雅的 9．________n．气候 10．________vi.& vt.碰撞，坠落 11．________n．& vt.拉(力)，拖，牵引(力) 12．________vi.& vt.(使)浮动，(使)漂浮 B．词汇拓展 13．________adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→________n．暴力；暴行；剧烈 14．________adj.基本的；基础的→________adv.根本上；完全地 15．________adj.有害的→________n．危害；害处 16．________vi.存在；生存→________n．存在，生存 17．________n．谜；难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→________adj.令人迷惑的，困惑的→________adj.迷惑的，困惑的 18．________n．地球，世界→________adj.全球性 Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语 A．短语互译 1．________________及时，终于2．________________下蛋 3．________________产生，分娩4．________________阻止，制止5．________________in one's turn 6．________________cheer up 7．________________break out 8．________________watch out 9．________________block out 10．________________now that B．用上面短语的适当形式填空 11．Do you know that crocodiles reproduce by__________？ 12．During the car accident，he was____________to escape from the car without being hurt. 13．The tall tree____________the sunlight. 14．The war____________between the two countries. 15．____________for wild animals when you go up the hills. Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型 1．The earth became so_violent_that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 【句式仿写】他如此聪明以至于在如此短的时间就解出了那道题。 He is he worked out the problem in such a short time. 2．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.