第三册第四单元第三课时词汇导学案
BOOK3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Language acquaintance（2）
Learning Goals:
1. Learn some useful words and expressions
2. Understand the text better
3. Consolidation of the language points.
Previewing(预习)
Task1:补全下面的短语
1. ________ time 及时；终于
2. _______ eggs 下蛋
3. give birth ______ 产生；分娩
4. ________ one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
5. p revent….from _________ 阻止；制止
6. block _______ 挡住（光线）
7. cheer ______ 感到高兴
8. ________ that 既然
9. break ________ 突发；爆发
10. watch ______ 密切注视；当心
11. cool _____ 冷却
12. as ______ as 也；还有…
13. depend ______ 依靠；依赖
14. get close ____ 靠近
Task2:用括号中所给提示翻译下列句子。
(1)移动电话使得我们不论在何处都能与他人交谈。(make it possible for sb. to do sth.)
译：
(2)请你告诉我怎样防止这种事情发生好吗？(prevent ... from ... )
译：
(3)更重要的是，我是个乐观的人。（what is more important is……）
译：
(4)既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。(now that…)
译：
Step 1: Lead-in
Play a game to check what we have learnt yest erday.
Research in class(课堂探究)
Step2:Thinking
1. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140million years. exist vi.存在生存 existing adj. 现存的 existence n. 存在生存exist in 存在…之中 exist on 靠…为生
exist by 靠…生存
come into existence 开始存在，成立 bring into existence 使发生，产生
(1) It was impossible for them to such a small income.
(2) Some spelling mistakes your article
(3) The wild man hunting wild animal in the forest.
There exists/existed …某地有……
There exist two huge stone lions at our company gate.
翻译：。
2. …because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. give birth to 产生；分娩
她生了一个健康漂亮的女孩.
She gave birth to a fine healthy girl.
有关 birth的短语:
by birth He is French by birth.
a second birth= rebirth
God gave him a second birth
at birth
be of noble/ good birth
介词填空
It was reported that a woman gave birth five babies at a time.
She was French birth but lived most of her time in England.
The baby was only 2,000 grams birth.
即学即练：
1．He gave ___ to a strange idea in his mind that he woul d give up schooling and went in for business.
A. hand
B. birth
C. thought
D. on birth
2. She is good at singing and dancing , so she is a good actress ________.
A. at birth
B. by birth
C. to birth
D. on birth
3. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet 1) Thus adv. 因此；从而
She studied hard, ____________________.
He forgot to turn on the radio and _____________________.
2) In o ne’s turn 轮到某人
It will be _______________ to be on duty tomorrow.
有关turn 的短语
in turn _________ by turns _________
take turns __________ in return _________
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
The children called out their names in turn.译：。
We take turns to sweep our classroom = We sweep our classroom _________
即学即练：
（1）People attempt to avoid public transportation delay by using their own cars, and this _____creates further problems.
A. in short
B. in case
C. in doubt
D. in turn
（2）If we had driven all the way, you wouldn’t have been so much tired.
A. in return B in turns
C. by turns
D. in our turn.
（3）If we smile at li fe, life will smile on us .
A. by turns
B. in turn
C. in return
D. in our turn
4. …which prevents heat from escaping from
prevent sth./ sb. (from) sth./doing sth. 阻止某人／某物做某事
同义词组：
stop… (from)…
keep…from…（此处from不能省）
Protect sb. from 保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御
我们被阻止在课室吃早餐．
译：
即学即用：
The snowstorm prevent the work from _________ on time.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. being finished
D. to finish
5….millions of years to come will depend on
depend on sb. 依靠,相信某人
depend on sth. 取决与某物
我们都靠你来做决定了．We’ll all _______________to make a decision.
明天是否能开校运会取决与天气．
Whether to hold the sports meeting or not will _______________________. Step2：Discussing
Step3：Presenting
Step4：Evaluating
Step5：Testing
单项选择
1. — Could I have another cup of coffee, Daddy?
—_____ It will be hard for you to go to sleep tonight if you do.
A. Better not.
B. Why not?
C. What for?
D. As you wish.
2. Zhang Heng, one of _____ best-known Chinese astronomers, showed a strong interest in _____ astronomy as a child.
A. the; the
B. the; 不填
C. 不填; the
D. 不填; 不填
3. Without gravity, we _____ walk on the ground as freely as we do now.
A. couldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. shan’t
D. needn’t
4. Simon was _____ why many of his friends didn’t turn up at his birthday party.
A. limited
B. crashed
C. spotted
D. puzzled
5. Though I was tired out that evening, I _____ from falling asleep by the great pain in my knee.
A. was prevented
B. had prevented
C. has prevented
D. am prevented
6. See the model ship _____ in the pool? That’s what my father made for me la st weekend.
A. float
B. floating
C. floated
D. to float
7. Jack was in low spi rits those days and his friends did all they could _____ him up.
A. chee r
B. cheering
C. cheered
D. to cheer
8. There is a peaceful and calm _____ in the country, quite different from that of
a big city.
A. climate
B. atmosphere
C. system
D. situation
9. It was almost midnight when a fire _____ in the neighborhood.
A. blocked out
B. turned out
C. broke out
D. died out
10. _____ life exists on any other planet in the solar system still remains a question.
A. Why
B. Whether
C. How
D. Where
11. Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. _____, it would be almost
impossible to prove Jim guilty.
A. Anyhow
B. However
C. Besides
D. Thus
12. _____ you have worked out the first problem, you may go on to work on the second.
A. Even if
B. Unless
C. Now that
D. Though
13. —May I have a look at your necklace?
—Sure. But be _____ with it —it’s made of glass and breaks easily.
A. violent
B. fundamental
C. gentle
D. genuine
14. In my view, choosing the right bike _____ what you want to use it for.
A. d epends on
B. does with
C. belongs to
D. accounts for
15. Water, _____ we cannot live, exists in the form of liquid, gas or solid.
A. from which
B. on which
C. by which
D. without which
Grammar：主语从句
考点一英语中的主语从句(the subject clause)在句中作主语，有以下两种结构：
1)主语从句位于句首。如：
What he wanted to see was an end tO all the wars of the world．
他想要看到的是世界上所有战争的结束。
2)主语从句位于句尾，使用先行词it作形式主语。如：
It was right that the temple was rebuilt．
庙被改建了，这很好。
在下列情况下，一般使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句放在后面：
①谓语部分含有seem，appear，be(im)possible，be a pity，be a wonder，be likely 等。如：
It appeared to scientists on the earth that the stars had moved．
在地球上的科学家看来，这些星球已经移动了。
It’s a wonder that you recognized me．
你能认出我来，真是奇怪。
②在It is known…；It is said…；It is hoped…；It is belie ved…等惯用的被动结构中。如：
It is believed that before writing was developed，people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together．
人们认为在文字发明之前，中国人靠把许多石头聚集在一起来作记录。
需要注意的是：当主语从句放在句尾而用形式主语时，形式主语只能用it，而不能使用this，that等代词。
主语从句的连接词可以分为以下三类：
1)that。whether(if)
连接词that本身没有意义，不作句子成分，只表示从旬的开始，位于句首时，that不能省略；whether(if)含有“是否”的意思，whether可以加上“or not”，其语意不变。whether
和if也有不同的用法，如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether，不用if。如：Whether we’ll g o camping tomorrow depends on the weather．
明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。
2)what，who，which，whose，when，where，why，how这一类连接词，除了可以引导主语从句之外，在从句中又分别起代词、副词或形容词的作用，在从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语等。what，wh0，which，whose等又称为连接代词；when，where，why，how等又称为连接副词。试比较：Who will do it doesn’t matter．(连接代词who在从句中作主语)
谁要做这件事没关系。
What we need is more water．(连接代词what在从句中作need的宾语)
我们所需要的是更多的水。
Which of the two is better remains to be seen．(连接代词which在从句中作主语) 这两者中哪个更好尚待分晓。
When we will start the work is important．(连接副词when在从句中作时间状语)
我们什么时候开始工作很重要。
Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet．(连接副词where在从句中作地点状语)
图书馆要建在哪里还未决定。
Why she was late for school is quite clear now．(连接副词why在从句中作原因状语) 她上学迟到的原因现在看来很清楚。
Which plan is better will be announced later．(which在从句中作名词plan的定语) 哪个计划更好稍后会宣布。
3)whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever
whatever等连接词与what等连接代词的用法一样，只是具有较强的语意，有“凡是，不管，无论……”等意思。如：Whatever he said wasn’t true．
他说的任何事情都不是真的。
Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it．
不管谁猜对了我手里拿的是什么，这东西就给他(她)。
Whichever book you choose is yours．
无论你选中哪本书都归你。
Practising
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
3.When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known
B. are not known
C. has not known
D. have not known
4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late
5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
A. That…that you had expected
B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected
D. What…what you had expected
6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If...do
B. That...do
C. If...does
D. That...does
7. It’s uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. how
8.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That
B. What
C. How
D. Which
9.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What, what
B. What, that
C. That, that
D. Th at, what
10.____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
11.____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
12._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
A. That
B. Why
C. How
D. Who
13._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When
B. Why
C. What
D. That
14.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.
A. How
B. What
C. Why
D. This
15.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If
B. Where
C. That
D. What
16. ._______you come or not is up to you.
A. What
B. If
C. Why
D. Whether
17._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
A. Which
B. That
C. If
D. How
18.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. Who