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2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修三学案之Unit4Astronomy词汇详解

2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修三学案之Unit4Astronomy词汇详解
2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修三学案之Unit4Astronomy词汇详解

1. chat vi. & n.聊天;闲聊

chat to/with sb. (about sth.) = have a chat with sb. (about sth.) 与某人聊天,闲谈……

What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?

I had a long chat with her (about her job).(关於她的工作)我和她聊了很久。

根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式或介词。

1. She often spends hours on the phone _______ (chat) to her friends.

2. We had a nice chat _______ (介词) a cup of tea.

【答案】1. chatting 2. over

2. eastward adv. 向东adj.向东的;朝东的eastward也作eastwards,副词,意为“向东”。-ward(s)是一个后缀, 意思是“朝着;向着;对着”。

They sailed eastward. 他们向东航行。

We couldn’t decide whether to go eastward or westward.

我们难以决定是向东走还是向西走。

The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飞机向东边飞去。

eastward(s) adj ./adv . 向东的,向东地

westward(s) adj ./adv . 向西的,向西地 southward(s) adj ./adv . 向南的,向南地 northward(s) adj ./adv . 向北的,向北地

southeastward(s) adj ./adv. 向东南的

northeastward(s) adj ./adv . 向东北的,向

东北地

southwestward(s) adj ./adv . 向西南的 northwestward(s) adj ./adv . 向东北的,向

东北地

根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1. It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟) traveled ________ in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist scripture.

2. When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an ________ direction.

【答案】1. westward(s) 2. southward(s)

【解析】主要考查表示方向的词的用法。

3. surround vt . & vi . 包围;围绕 cause sb./sth. to move into position all round sb./sth. 包围;围住; 环绕;围绕。surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings (常用pl.)环境

surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 周围都是…… surround sb./sth. with sb./sth. 用……包围……

sth./sb. be surrounded by/with sth. ……被……所包围

The fence surrounds the school. 篱笆环绕着学校。

They have surrounded the town with troops. 他们出动军队包围了该城。

Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘。

The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。

用surround的短语或其适当形式填空。

1. _______ by a group of children, he felt happy.

2. There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas.

3. She has always been _______ _______ fashionable friends.

4. She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _______.

5. With the house _______, the thief couldn’t flee and was caught.

【答案】

1. Surrounded

2. surrounding

3. surrounded with

4. surroundings

5. surrounded

【解析】本题主要考查跟surround有关的相关用法。

4. measure vi. & vt. find the size, length, volume, etc. of (sth.) by comparing it with a standard unit测量assess (sth.);gauge估计;衡量;判定be (a certain size, length, volume, etc. )为(某体积、长度、容积等)

n. standard or system used in stating the size, quantity or degree of sth. 计量制unit used in such a standard or system计量单位action taken to achieve a purpose 措施

measure A by B 用B衡量A

sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米

measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb.’s measure 给某人量身做一套衣服

Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have.

母亲给我量尺寸, 好知道我该穿多大号的衣服。

It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.

没有见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。

The room measures 10 meters across. 这间屋宽10米。

Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?

It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work.

没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。

The meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。

They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。

用measure的短语填空或翻译句子。

1. The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______(按照我的尺寸).

2. Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have.

3. 我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】

1. to my measure

2. measured by

3. Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres.

【解析】本题主要考查measure分别作为名词和动词的用法。

5. mix vt. & vi. 混合;调配 mixture n. 混合(物);混合状态

mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来

mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物

mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去

be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关;与某人混在一起

The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。

Oil and water don’ t mix. 油和水不能混合。

Oil won’ t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。

用mix的短语的适当形式或介词填空。

1. Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.

2. Mix the eggs ______ the flour.

3. I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair.

【答案】

1. mix; with

2. into

3. be mixed up

6. terrify vt.使恐怖;恐吓 terrified adj. 恐惧的;受惊吓的 terrifying adj.(令人)可怕的

be terrified at/by sth. 被某事(物)恐吓

be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事(物)

He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。

Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。

用terrify的适当形式或介词填空。

1. She ______ that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.

2. She was terrified ______ the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.

3. It was a ______ experience.

【答案】

1. was terrified

2. at

3. terrifying

【解析】本题主要考查terrify以及变形teriffied和terrifying的用法。

7. impress vt. 使印象深刻;使铭记 impression n. 印象;感想 impressive adj.给人印象深刻的

impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物

make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 给……一个印象

have/get the impression that 有……的印象

The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。

We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高,我们极为钦佩。

用impress的短语或介词填空。

1. Father _______ _______ me the value of hard work.

2. One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge.

3. You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us.

4. When I first met him I ______ ______ ______ ______ he was a humorous man.

【答案】

1. impressed; on

2. impressed; with

3. made; impression upon

4. had the impression that

8. broad adj. 宽的;阔的;广的

1) large in side from one side to the other; wide宽的;阔的;广的

a broad street, avenue, river, canal, etc. 宽阔的街道、林荫道、河流、运河等

2) from side to side; in breadth宽

a river twenty meters broad 一条二十米宽的河

3) covering a wide area; extensive 辽阔的;宽广的

a broad expanse of water 辽阔无际的水面

There is broad support for the government’s policies.政府的政策得到广泛的拥护。

4) tolerant; liberal宽宏的;胸怀开阔的

a man of broad views 豁达大度的人

broad & wide

broad和wide是一对同义词,基本可通用,但在修饰表示人的身体部位的名词时不能通

用,修饰眼、嘴等用wide,修饰胸、背、肩等用broad。

The old stone bridge is only 2 meters wide/broad. 那座旧石桥只有两米宽。She stared at him with eyes wide.她睁大了眼睛注视着他。

He is tall, broad and muscular. 他身高肩宽,肌肉发达。

完成句子。

那座旧石桥只有两米宽。

The old stone bridge is only _____________.

【答案】2 meters wide/broad

【解析】修饰桥的宽度时,既可以使用wide,也可以使用broad。

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