当前位置:文档之家› 英语专四语法重点总结

英语专四语法重点总结

英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)

英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)

一代数名词数词

1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称

2 everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以

3 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,

它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名

词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework

4 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas

当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an

6 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合

1)’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后

2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s

3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s

4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略

5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s

6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s

7 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋,必须用of的场合

1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时

2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时

如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of

8 表示顺序的两种方式:

1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four

2)’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter

9 倍数增减的表示法

1)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than

2)倍数+as+形容词/副词+as

3)倍数+名词

4)动词+百分比或倍数

5)动词+to+数词

6) double/triple/quadruple+名词

7)动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数

10 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数

11 百分比后接名词时加of

二形容词副词

1)前置修饰语的排列顺序

可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词

----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词

---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词

2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词

3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置

4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置

5)有些形容词本身就有‘比....年长’,‘比.......... 优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than

6)much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词

7)more 不能用来修饰比较级

8)与名词连用的more of a .../as much of a.../more of a....意为更像....

9)as much of a...意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上

10)none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than

11)any/sone/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数

三情态动词

1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)

2)must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t

3)need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味

4)need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事(经常考)

四虚拟语气

主句

1)与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(第一人称)would(其它人称)+have+过去分词

与现在事实相反一般过去式(动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原型

与将来事实相反过去式或should/were+动

原 would/should/could/might+动词原型

2)It is (high/about/the)time.........谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了

3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验

4)as if/though 的虚拟要点

1)对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were

2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式

3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型

专四语法汇总

专四常考语法点汇总: 一.虚拟语气 1.虚拟条件句 1) 倒装结构:条件句有were, had, should时,可使用倒装结构。 e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign. Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over. Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her. 2) 错综时间条件句 e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. A. had taken … would not have been B. took… should not be C. were to take … would not be D. had taken … should not be (D) 3) 无条件的虚拟句:but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc. 2.I wish…/If only句式:与现在事实相反,用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/should/might+动词原形。 3.as if引导的从句(注意区别事实与假设) Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . A.it might rain B.it is going to rain C.it would be rainy D.it was to rain (B) 4.在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词(包括动词和名词)引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形,should可省。 但 When he was asked why his friend had not accepted the offer, he suggested . A.that his friend should be too proud to accept it B.that his friend was too proud to accept it C.that his friend too proud to accept it D.that his friend is too proud to accept it (B) 5.在important, necessary, urgent ,essential, desirable, resolved等形容词后面用用should+动词原形,should可省。 6.It is (high/about) time 句式中虚拟语气用过去式。 7.would rather,would sooner, would as soon, just as soon后 1)接动词原形,指现在或将来时间,表示一种主观愿望或选择。 e.g. He would sooner die than surrender. 2)接不定式完成式,表示过去的某种选择不恰当。 e.g. I’d rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip. 3)接从句,用虚拟语气,一般过去时表示一个现在或将来的愿望,过去完成时表示一个过

英语专四语法总结

1.主谓一致 就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。3. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。 例句:It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with,no less than,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。 例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句:What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说:“多保重!” 4. 当主语与all,none,any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。 例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of,a great/good many,a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。 例句:A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。 My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。 整体原则 1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

English英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下: mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过) go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下: 如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事” 如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事” 如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”

如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下: 如:be busy/active doing sth. 如:It’s no good/use doing sth. 如:spend/waste time doing sth. 如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句: There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句) 牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.

英语专四语法考点总结

一、语法部分考查重点 1、虚拟语气的考点为: would rather+that从句+一般过去时; It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形; proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形; It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时; lest+that+should+动词原形; if only+that+would+动词原形。 2、状语从句的考点为: 非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if; 由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句; just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。 3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。 4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。 5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。 二、词汇部分考查重点 1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。 2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。 3、由同一动词构成的短语如:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。 4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。 5、介词短语在句中作状语如:in terms of;with the exception of;in vain等,另外还应注意rather than,other than,such as,none/nothing+but等词在考题中的出现。

英语专业四级语法重点总结(精)

形容词副词 1前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以置于冠词前的形容词(all both such -----冠词 ,指示形容词 ,所有格形容词 ,不定形容词 (a an the this your his any some-----------基数词 (one 序数词 (first------------表示性质 ,状态 ,质量的形容词 (good useful-------------- 表示大小 ,长短 ,形状的形容词 ---------------- 表示年龄 ,新旧 ,温度的形容词 ------------ 表示颜色的形容词 --------------------- 表示国籍 ,产地 ,区域的形容词 ----------- 表示材料 ,用做形容词的名词 ---------- 动名词 ,分词 2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词 3.形容词修饰由 some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时 ,必须后置 4.enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或 副词时 ,必须后置 5.有些形容词本身就有?比??年长 ?, ?比??优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词 to 而不用 than 6.much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词 7.more 不能用来修饰比较级 8.与名词连用的 more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a....意为更像?? 9.as much of a??意为称得上,less of a意为算不上 10.none other than(不是别人 ,正是 =no other than 11.any/sone/every与 other 连用时 ,其后若用可数名词 ,一般为单数 情态动词

专四语法总结 (个人整理)

专四必备语法一、时态、语态 时态、语态需要掌握的要点: 1.表达将来时的形式: (1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句) 比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句) (2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如: See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time. (include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语: (1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。 如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced. (表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. (3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,如: The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century. 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。 It is four years since John left school. (4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时。如: It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. (5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用过去完成时。 3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。如: The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened. 时态、语态答题思路: (1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态,然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语,缩小选择范围,进而选出正确答案; (2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。

英语专业四级语法汇总

语法回顾篇 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点) 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did(be用were), 主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do; 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done, 主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done; 例如: 43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying 49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren‟t B. hasn‟t been C. hadn‟t been D. wouldn‟t 考点3.与将来事实相反, 从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do), 主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。 例如: 43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年) • A. shall need C. would need • B. should need D. will need 考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 例如: If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移。 例如: 65.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.(05年) • A. Hadn't he been taken good care of • B. Had he not been taken good care of • C. Had not he been taken good care of • D. Had he been not taken good care of 考点6. insist(一个坚持);order command(两道命令);suggest, advise, propose(三条建议);ask, require, request, demand(四点要求)及相应的名词的从句,谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形 例如: 58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(04年)

专四语法重点总结

专四语法重点总结 专四语法重点总结 一、代词、名词、数次 1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是 : 第二人称第三人称第一人称 2. everyone 后面不可以跟 of 短语 every one 就可以 3. 以‘名词 / 动名词 +介词(短语) /形容词 /副词 /动词不定式'构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数 直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘ man 或者woman+ 名词'构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如: homework 4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示’各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词女口:different teas 1 )' s 属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后 2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加' 3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加' 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用' s children ' s shoes 儿童鞋 必须用 of 的场合 1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 7. 如果 dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million 前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数 8. 表示顺序的两种方式: 5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种'或‘某一方面'的抽象概念时 其前可加 a/an

6. 名词所有格要点:必须用' s 的场合 4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省 5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加' s 6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用' 7) 形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of 1) ‘名词+基数词',不用冠词,如Chapter four 2) ' the+ 序数词+ 名词'女口the Fourth Chapter 9. 倍数增减的表示法 1) 倍数+形容词/ 副词比较级+than 2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as 3) 倍数+名词 4) 动词+百分比或倍数 5) 动词+to+数词 6) double/triple/quadruple+ 名词 7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数 10. 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数 11. 百分比后接名词时加of 二、形容词、副词 1 前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以置于冠词前的形容词( all both such) ------------ 冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容 词( a an the this your his any some) ----------- 基数词( one ) 序数词( first) ----------------- 表示性质, 状态,质量的形容词( good useful) -------------------- 表示大小,长短,形状的形容词---------------- 表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------ 表示颜色的形容词---------------- 表示国籍,产地,

英语专四语法重点总结

英语专四语法重点总结( 适合短时间提高 ) 英语专四语法重点总结 ( 适合短时间提高一代数名词数词 1在使用两个以上的人称代词时) 顺序是 : 第二人称第三人称第一人 称 2everyone 后面不可以跟of 短语every one就可以 3以‘名词 / 动名词 +介词(短语)/ 形容词 / 副词 / 动词不定式’构成的复合名词, 它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复 数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构 词部分变为复数以‘ man 或者 woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是 将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework 4物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数 名词如: different teas 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加 a/an 6名词所有格要点:必须用’s 的场合 1)’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后 2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s 3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s 4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略 5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s 6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s 7当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children ’s shoes 儿童鞋,必须用 of 的场合 1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 如果 dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而 且后面加 of 8表示顺序的两种方式: 1 )‘名词 +基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four

专四语法总结

专四必备语法 2by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时.如: By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时. It is four years since John left school一般过去式. 4在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时.如: It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. 5在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用过去完成时. 3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去.如: The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened. 二、不定式 1.不定式做主语 1引导逻辑主语的介词:不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导: Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.、It is silly of you to be cheated by him.. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. It’s time for you to get up. 3.不定式做定语 做后置定语.如:the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性 This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used. According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation. 5不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语.如:Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. I want something to eat. 4.不定式做状语 不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式. so as to不能置于句首.如: The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American

英语专四必备语法总结

英语专四必备语法 一、时态、语态 时态、语态需要掌握的要点: 1.表达将来时的形式: (1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如: I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句) 比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句) (2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如: See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time. (include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语: (1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。 如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced. (表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。如: By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. (3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数 字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,如: The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.

专四语法总结

专四必备语法 一、时态、语态 时态、语态需要掌握的要点: 1.表达将来时的形式: <1>在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如: I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来.<宾语从句> 比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打时我告诉他.<状语从句> <2>在make sure, make certain, see 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如: See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time. 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语: <1>by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时. 如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced. <表示1919年时已发生的情况> <2>by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时.如: By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we e back next year. <3>by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few<或具体数字>years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,如: The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed pletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century. 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时. It is four years since John left school. <4>在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时.如: It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. <5>在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用过去完成时. 3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去.如: The pany has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened. 时态、语态答题思路: <1>先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态,然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语,缩小选择范围,进而选出正确答案; <2>根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态. 二、不定式 1.不定式做主语 <1>引导逻辑主语的介词:不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导:

英语专四语法总结

1。主谓一致 就近原则 1。由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but,not only…but als o,or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2。在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句:Thereisa book andsome pens on the desk。桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。 3。在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致. 例句:It is Mary's brother who wasinjured in the caraccident。是Mary 的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1。当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with,nolessthan,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。 例句:I, along with my sister,amgoing to Shanghai nextmonth。我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海. 2。英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句:All ofthe people inthe countryhave beenprepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备. 3。多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句:What I want tosay is just “ Take care!”。我只想说:“多保重!” 4.当主语与all,none,any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数. 例句:All Iknow about thiscompany is what he told meyesterda y.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的. 5. “…+ (of) +名词"结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。 例句:Mostof thewaterhere is clean。大部分的水是干净的. 80%cottonhas been sent to America。80%的棉花已经被送往美国。Halfof the apples arered。有一半儿的苹果是红的. 6。词组“a number of, a great/good many,agroupof +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数. 例句: A number ofancientbuildings are destroyed in the war。许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 Thenumberofthe visitorshas decreased thisyear。游客的数量今年减少了。 7。英语的集体名词(committee, crowd,family,public,group, party, team,class, club, company, union ,clergy,mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。 Myfamily are alllooking forward for your coming.我的家人都

2021年英语专四语法重点总结

英语专四语法重点总结 英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)一代数名词数词 1在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称 2everyone后面不可以跟of短语everyone就可以 3以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词, 它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如homework 4物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如differentteas 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an 6名词所有格要点必须用’s的场合 1)’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s 4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略 5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s 7当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’schildren’sshoes儿童鞋,必须用of的场合1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of 8表示顺序的两种方式 1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapterfour2)’the+序数词+名词‘如theFourthChapter 9倍数增减的表示法

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档