专四语法考点串讲之四形容词、副词及比较平行结构
一、形容词后置情况总结：
（1）修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等时，例：
There is something difficult in this book.
（2）形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例：
This is a student worth of praise.
（3）用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调修饰的作用。例：
They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.
（4）形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例：The pipe is twelve feet long.
二、感叹副词what、how之间的区别：what修饰名词或名词短语，how修饰副词或形容词。如：
56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT （2012）A．How strange feelings they are! B．How dare you speak
to me like that!
C．What noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!
三、同根副词辨析：
1）hard 努力地 hardly几乎 2）late晚，迟lately近来
3）most 极，非常 mostly 主要地 4）wide广阔地widely广泛地
5）deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义上的“深” 6）near 邻近nearly 几乎
7) express 用快递方式 expressly清楚地，明白地 8）just恰好，正是 justly正义、公正地
……详细阅读课本（P276-280）并做P280-281练习题24B。
四、比较等级的常见句型：
（1）as+原级+ as（as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+ as），其否定形式为not as/so+原级+ as
（2）比较级+than+比较对象（less+原级+比较对象）
（3）比较级+and+比较级或more and more +原级
（4）the+比较级…，the+比较级…
（5）the+比较级+of the two
（6）the+最高级（+单数可数名词）+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词（7）be one of/among+ the+最高级+复数名词
（8）the last+原级（+单数可数名词）+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词
五、比较等级的修饰语：
（1）修饰原级：fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。
（2）修饰比较级：much, even, far, rather, still, any, no (而不用very, quite, fairly，Greatly)，a bit, a little, a head, a great deal. a lot , by far等。
六、如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such；注意：little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。
七、almost与nearly的用法区别：在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。
Eg. I’m not nearly ready. I almost never see her.
八、特殊结构:
1. A is to B what / as X is Y ;
如：53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008)
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. A+V.+倍数或分数 as + adj. / adv. + as +B.
A +V.+倍数或分数+名词of B
如：55. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. (2009)
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price
64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter’s in Rome. （2008）
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of
3. major, minor, inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to表示比较;
九、As 的用法、比较级的用法及隐含比较级
as的用法：
1. 原级比较一般结构as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; Eg: The work is not as difficult as you think.
Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as those outside the pinelands.
2. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。as可引导非限制性从句，常带有‘正如’。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one‘s health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
3. 尽管，虽说(引起让步状语从句)
Eg. Intelligent as she was, she had not much insight.尽管她很聪明，但她没眼力。
4. As much as 达到（和）……（一样）的程度
5. as (so) far as 就……而论，据……(引导方式状语从句)
6. So as to 为的是，以便
7. Such as to 以致
53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. （2005）
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. such to
D. as much as to
8. as (so) long as 只要(=only if 引导条件状语从句)
9. as soon as 一…就(引导时间状语从句)
10. as well (as) 也，以及，还；和；不仅(连接并列成分或从句)
11. n o such…as没有这样一个…
60. Land belongs to the city; there is thing as private ownership of land. （2006）
A) no such a B) not such C) not such a D) no such
12. as much of … as 正如…一样
64. It was we had hoped. （2006）
A) more a success than B) a success more than
C) as much of a success as D) a success as much as
13. so much as用在否定句中：与其说，不如说
41. The trumpet player was certainly loud. but I wasn’t bothered by his loudness his lack of talent. （2004）
A. so much as
B. rather than
C. as D than
55. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. (2015，，, 1999. 45)
A. but
B. nor
C. like
D. as
比较级的用法:
1. more than用法和意义较多，单独使用时其含义有: “不仅是，非常，十分”等。
more …than 其含义可以是: “与其说……不如说，不是……而是”
2. no more than VS. not more than
a. He has no more than five dollars on him.
他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)
b. He has not more than five dollars on him.
他身上带的钱不超过5美元。(客观陈述，数额少于5美元)
3. no more … than VS. not more … than
a. He is no more diligent than you.
他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋，含有消极否定的意思)
b. He is not more diligent than you.
他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋，含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）
62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet
it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007)
A. no more
B. not more
C. even more
D. much more
4. no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有…之多，多达”，强调多not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，客观地描述
no less … than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为：“正是...，和… 一样，多达，竟有…之多”
比较：
a. His son has read no less than 50 English books.
他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。(强调多)
b. His son has read not less than 50 English books.
他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。(客观陈述，不强调多或少)
5. hardly more than用来表示“仅仅”。
Eg. The little man was hardly more than one meter fifty high. 这个小个子男人仅有米高.
6. 在more … than 结构中， than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what…
Eg. There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what…) 人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症
61. The research requires more money than ________. (2007)
A. have been put in
B. has been put in
C. being put in
D. to be put in
7. no other than 只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语。
Eg. The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector
himself.
结果是，那个杀人犯不是别人，正是巡官自己。
8. no better than 和……一样，实际上等于(practically the same as) man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.
不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。
9. No sooner than:
60. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left. (2009)
A. when
B. as
C. until
D. than
10. most 大多数的意思; most of某个范围中的大多数。
11. better …than 与其说……倒不如说。
Eg. Certain programs work better for some than for others.
某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其他人来说则不然。
12. more likely … than 比较结构
are few electronic applications more likely to raise fears regarding future
很少有电子应用软件能够像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。
than意思是：不同于，除……之外；rather than意思是：而不是。
隐含比较级：
inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to
1) prior to 较早的，较重要的
The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
2) superior to优越，高于
In math he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
3) inferior to 下等的，次的
4) senior to 年长的，地位高的；junior年幼的，地位低的，迟的
He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。
5）preferable to 更好的
Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.
贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。
6) prefer…to 更倾向于…
prefer doing sth to doing sth
prefer to do rather than do
真题总汇 (1994-2015)
52. Mary is hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam. (2015)
A. no so
B. no more
C. not less
D. no less
55. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. (2015)
A. but
B. nor
C. like
D. as
62. Which of the following italicized parts modifies a n adverb (2014)
A. I rather like my teacher.
B. That was a very funny film.
C.Do it right now.
D. We walked about 6 miles.
56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT （2012）A．How strange feelings they are! B．How dare you speak to me like that!
C．What noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!
56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT （2011）
A. The city is now ten times its original size.
B. I wish I had two times his strength.
C. The seller asked for double the usual price.
D. They come here four times every year.
57. It is not so much the language the cultural background that
makes the book difficult to understand. (2011)
A. as
B. nor
C. but
D. like
53. He feels that he is not yet ____ to travel abroad. （2010）
A. too strong
B. enough strong
C. so strong
D. strong enough
64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've
seen the film ____" （2010）
A. before
B. recently
C. lately
D. yet
55. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. （2009）
A. the price of three times
B.three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price
60. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left. （2009）
A. when
B. as
C. until
D. than
63. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " _____ everybody came" （2009）
A. Nearly
B. Quite
C. Practically
D. Almost
53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. （2008）
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
59. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean (2008)
A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.
B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.
C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.
D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.
60. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. （2008）
A. it could be
B. could be
C. it was
D. was
64. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome. （2008）
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of
51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it. 2007
A. than
B. like
C. as
D. so
57. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. （2007）
A. that
B. as
C. so
D. very
61. The research requires more money than ________. （2007）
A. have been put in
B.has been put in
C. being put in
D. to be put in
62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet
it is probably ________a threat to the human race than enviromental
destruction. （2007）
A. no more
B. not more
C. even more
D.
much more
58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not for her
work. (2006)
A. enough good
B. good enough
C. as good enough
D. good
as enough
60. Land belongs to the city; there is thing as private ownership of land. （2006）
A. no such a
B. not such
C. not such a
D. no such
61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that
she could walk far. (2006)
A. /
B. such
C. that
D. as
53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. （2005）
A. so as to
B.such as to
C. such to
D. as
much as to
59. Do you know Tim’s brother He is _________ than Tim. 2005
A. much more sportsman
B. more of a sportsman
C. more of sportsman
D. more a sportsman
补充材料:
1) Simile:
•as poor as a church mouse •as blind as a bat
•as brave as a lion
•as fierce as a tiger •as gay as a lark
•as free as ai
•as deaf as a post
•as dark as pitch
•as greedy as a pig
•as rich as a Jew
•as safe as the Bank •as strong as a horse •as tall as a church steeple •as wet as a fish
•as wise as Solomon
•as timid as a rabbit •as good as gold
•as firm/steady as a rock •as fat as a pig
•as different as black and white
•as cold as ice
•as clear as crystal
•as hot as fire
•as busy as a bee
•as light as a feather
•as like as two peas •as loud as thunder •as sick/weak as a cat •as sweet as sugar •as swift as lightening •as soft as silk
•as smooth as glass •as ugly as a toad •as proud as a peacock •as gentle as a lamb •as innocent as a baby •as graceful as a swan •as cunning as a fox •as stupid as donkey
2) Adj. modifying adj.
•Icy cold •Dead drunk •Dead asleep •Tight shut •Red hot •Wide open
3) Verb + adj
•Come alive •Come clean •Fall silent •Fall unconscious •Go crazy/ mad
•Go barefoot •Go wild
•Run wild
•Run loose •Blush red •Break free/ loose •Come easy •Come loose •Fall due •Fall short •Go bad •Go easy •Lie awake •Wear thin
4) Special meanings of colors Black
•black coffee 未加奶的咖啡
•black tea 红茶
• a black letter day 倒霉的日子
•black market 黑市•black money 黑钱•black figure / in the black 盈利
•black list 黑名单•black box 黑匣子•black mark 污点
•black ingratitude 忘恩负义
英语“比较结构”的含义 英语中有许多less than，more than，as much as，形似比较结构的短语，但并没有比较的意思。对这种结构的意思应根据词典和上下文来辨认，不能想当然。 1. less…than Hitler’s mistakes gave Roosevelt the victory; just as at Waterloo it was less Wellington who won than Napoleon who lost. 当less…than后面的成分相同时，这个结构并没有比较意义，而是“与其说……不如说是” 希特勒犯下的错误使罗斯福取得了胜利；正如在滑铁卢战场上，与其说是威灵顿打胜了，不如说是拿破仑战败了。 It was a curious exchange, less a debate than a quarrel between two aggressive men. 这是一次奇妙的交锋，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，不如说是一次吵嘴。 比较： Even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. less…than后面的成分不同，可以译成比较结构。
对大多数人来说，再单调乏味的工作也要比无所事事好受。 2. no less + adj. (than) Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. no less (…than) 的结构没有比较的意思，作为一个固定词语，它的意思是“同样”。 那些社会地位高的人同样感到焦虑。他们的生活如同他们手下人的生活一样空虚。 As regards our foreign policy, it is no less our interest than our duty to maintain the most friendly relations with other countries. 关于我们的对外政策，维持和其他国家的友好关系，既是我们的义务，也同样是我们的利益。 3. no / nothing / little more (better) than 与not more than 不同，no / nothing / little more (better) than 没有比较的意思。前者是“不多于”、“不超过”，而后者是“只”、“不过是”、“就是”。 One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.
第五节形容词、副词及比较结构 形容词概述 描述事物的词，涉及事物的外貌，颜色，大小等属性。形容词有不同的种类，在句中可以有不同的功能，有的形容词有级的变化。主要包括：形容词按意义可以分为：属性形容词；类别形容词；兼类形容词；颜色形容词；强调形容词；按在句中担任的成分可以分为：定语形容词；表语形容词；兼定语和表语的形容词；按构词方式可以分为：普通形容词；分词形容词；复合形容词。 常见考点 形容词在句中的位置 概述：形容词作定语修饰名词时，一般放在被修饰的名词前。但下列情况，形容词通常位于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。 1.形容词作定语 ●形容词修饰以-thing, -one, -body等结尾的复合代词如something, anything, someone, somebody等时； ●由前缀a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置，这些形容词包括：afraid, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake 等； ●由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词词组修饰名词时。 2.多个形容词修饰同一名词 名词中心词带多个形容词作前置修饰语时，形容词大体按一下顺序排列 限定词（冠词/物主代词/指示代词）+描述性形容词(charming/beautiful)+表示大小，长短，高低的形容词+表示形状的形容词+表示年龄、新旧的形容词+颜色+ 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词+表示物质材料的形容词+表示用途类别的形容词+名词中西次。 many beautiful old European cathedral cities a large antique brown and white German beer mug a charming small round old brown French oak writing desk 副词概述 副词（Adverb）是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词和句子等，以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。
比较结构comparative Construction英语中比较结构最主要有三种as…as… 结构 more…than… 结构the most…结构 1.as…as…结构基本模式as+adj/adv 原级as…否定形式not as/so+adj/adv 原级as… 也可用less…than… E.g John is as bright as Bob.否定John is not as bright as Bob. John is less bright than Bob. 用法1.主语不同比较项目相同。This parcel is as heavy as that one. 2.主语相同比较项目不同。The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又 聪明。 3.主语和比较项目都不同。The swimming pool isn’t twice as wide as that one is long.倍 数as adj/adv as.另一种模式as much/many n as…否定形式not as/so much/many n as… He took as much butter as he need. He didn’t take as/so much butter as he needed.2 She has written as many essays as her brother does. She hasn’t written as many essays as her brother does. 变体形式as adj原级名词词组as… 注意下列句子的语序 A. George is as efficient a worker as Jack.名词的意义受到强调or George is a worker who is as efficient as Jack. 形容词的意义受到强调 B. I don’t want as expensive a car asthis. 2. more …than…结构 用法： 1.用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。The concert was more enjoyable than lecture. 2.用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. 当前的危机与其说是经济危机不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于less…than…结构但得出相反的含义。The present crisis is much less a political than an economic crisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机不如说是经济危机。 3.theadj/adv最高级比较范围比较级形式表示最高级意义时比较对象的范围应用any other 单数名词the other 复数名词the others anyone/anything else上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语切不可遗漏否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。 ※补充说明1 not so…as not so much …as London is n’t so big as Tokyo.伦敦没有东京大。It wasn’t so much his appearance I liked as his personality.与其说我喜欢他的外表不如说我喜欢他的为人。前一例相当于一般的比较结构后一例相当于less…than 的含义。 not so much as是一个专四常考结构。 真题举例 1. It is no so much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.99.45/07.57 2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.04.42 not more/-er than 与no more/-er thanJohn is not better than Tom. 否定前者肯定后者John is nobetter than Tom.对前后者都否定 真题举例Over population pose a terrible threat to human race. Yet it is probably not more a threat than environmental destruction.07.62 no more …than not…any more than两者一样都不 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸不是鱼如同马不是鱼一样。 Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.99.44脂肪不能变成肌肉就
在英语中，比较和对比是常用的语言结构，用来描述两个或多个事物之间的相 似之处和差异之处。掌握这些结构可以使我们的表达更加准确、丰富，下面将 从形容词、副词和从句三个方面进行分析。 首先，我们来看形容词的比较和对比结构。当我们要比较两个事物之间的相似 或差异时，可以使用比较级和最高级形式。形容词的比较级通常在词尾加上“-er”或在前面加上“more”，最高级则在词尾加上“-est”或在前面加上“most”。例如，“This book is longer than that book.”（这本书比那本书长。）和“This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.” （这是我看过的最有趣的电影。）在对比中，我们可以使用“as...as”的结构来表示两个事物之间的相等，例如，“He is as tall as his father.”（他 和他父亲一样高。）此外，在形容词前面加上“not”可以表示相反的意思，例如，“This car is not as fast as the other one.”（这辆汽车不如另一辆快。）形容词比较和对比结构的灵活运用可以使表达更加准确。 接下来，我们来讨论副词的比较和对比结构。与形容词一样，副词也可以使用 比较级和最高级形式来表达相似和差异。通常情况下，词尾加上“-er”的副词形式表示比较级，加上“-est”的形式表示最高级。例如，“She sings louder than her sister.”（她唱歌比她姐姐大声。）和“He runs the fastest in the team.”（他在队里跑得最快。）除了使用比较级和最高级， 我们还可以使用“more”和“most”来表示副词的比较和对比。例如，“He speaks more fluently than I do.”（他说话比我流利。）副词的比较和对比结构可以帮助我们描述事件、行为或状态的程度。 最后，我们来看从句的比较和对比结构。从句可以使用不同的引导词来表示比 较和对比。当我们要比较两个事物时，可以使用“as...as”来表示相等，例如，“This city is as beautiful as Paris.”（这座城市和巴黎一样美。）当我们要表示差异时，可以使用“than”来引导一个从句，例如，“He is smarter than I thought.”（他比我想象的聪明。）从句的比较和对比结构可以帮助我们更准确地描述两个事物或情况之间的不同之处。 总结而言，英语中的比较和对比结构在我们的日常交流和写作中扮演着重要的 角色。通过灵活运用形容词、副词和从句的比较和对比结构，我们可以更准确、更丰富地表达我们的想法和观点。因此，我们应该在学习英语的过程中努力掌 握和应用这些结构，以提升我们的语言表达能力。
英语比较结构具体考点： 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难点结构：as+adj.+n.+as分句和as much/many + 名词+ as 分句 The work is not as difficult as you think. This book is twice as thick as that one. George is as efficient worker as Jack. = George is a worker(who is) as efficient as Jack. I don’t want as expensive a car as this = I don’t want a car as expensive as this I can’t drink as sweet coffee as this=I can’t drink coffee as sweet as this. He took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother( has). 特殊结构：the more … the more (越……越……)；more and more （越来越） This question is less difficult than that that question. (比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物) Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比较对象具有所属关系, 含有最高级含义) The city is becoming more and more beautiful. superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor He is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type. The Y angtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world. The youngest member of the family is most successful. Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used. There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than=than what…) 天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。 The medicine is more effective than is expected. dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, final absolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous more than 其含义为: “不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。 more …than 其含义可以是: “与其说……不如说，不是……而是” What we are doing today is more than donating some money.
比较等级的含义 英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级，比较级和最高级。一般来说，表示等于时用原级。 Eg. I’m just as busy today as I was yesterday. 表示二者的比较时用比较级 eg. I’m much busier today than I was yesterday. 表示“最”时用最高级 Eg. That was the busiest day of my life. 存在句 形容词与副词比较等级的构成 构成原级比较级最高级 单音节词尾加er, est great greater greatest 单音节词尾e, 加r, st fine finer finest 闭音节单音节词尾只 有一个辅音字母,双写big bigger biggest 辅音字母加er,est 少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾
双音节词尾加er,est happy happier happiest (y前为辅音字母去y加clever cleverer cleverest er,est） 其它双音节词和多 音节词，前加more, difficult more difficult most difficult most 不规则变化 副词比较等级的构成 副词比较等级的构成大致与形容词比较等级的构成相同，但以后缀ly结尾的副词用more 和most。 hard hardest hardest early earlier earliest quickly more quickly most quickly 不规则变化 形容词与副词比较等级的基本用法 A. 基本形式“as +原级+as” 结构 eg. He’s as tall as I. B．否定的同级比较常用not as… as或not so … as eg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.
英语中表示比较的句型复杂繁多，表现形式多种多样，往往差之毫厘，谬之千里。因此在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，以求达到准确理解，然后才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。英语中常见的比较结构主要包括比较级，递增或递减式比较，强化式比较，否定式比较，选择式比较等。 一、比较级 比较级包括超越、相等和差逊三种情况。 1）超越。表示超越的比较结构主要有：better than（胜过，优于），more than+从句（多余，超过），“than +关系代词”的从句（再……不过），superior to（占优势，比……胜一筹）。例如： Doing is better than saying. 百说不如一做。 She has talked more than what is necessary. 她说了一些多余的话。 He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest. 他是个再诚实不过的学者了。
2）相等。表示相等的比较结构主要有：as… as…（如……一样），as well as（既……又，和……一样），the same as…（像……一样），such/ so…as…（像……一样），no sooner than…（一……就……），no more than（就像，不优于），no less than（就像，不次于），否定代词+more than / else than / other than)（只不过……而已）。例如： Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man. 像恺撒一样，庞培也是一位伟人。 Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history. 像荷马那样的诗人，不仅精通文学，还精通历史。 You’re no more capable of speaking French than I am. 你我都不会说法语。 3）差逊。表示差逊的比较结构主要有：inferior to（比……差，逊于），less than（少于，不到）。例如： She is to some degree inferior to him in literary. 在文学上，她比他稍逊风骚。 It rains less in Jinan than in Hangzhou.
比较级(comparative degree) 在比较级中，有超越、相等、差逊三个级别。 1. 超越(superiority) （1）better than: 胜过，优于 Doing is better than saying.（百说不如一做。） (2)more than + 从句。多余，超过 She has talked more than what is necessary.(她说了一些多余的话) （3）“than +关系代词”的从句。再…… 不过。 He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest. （他是个再诚实不过的学者了。） （4）superior to ：占优势，比……胜一筹。 He is superior to his elder brother.(他比他哥哥强) 2. 相等(equality) (1) as …as. 如……一样。 As busy as a bee. ( 忙得不可开交) (2) as well as 。既…… 又，和……一样。 Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man. (像恺撒一样，庞培也是一位伟人。) (3) the same as…. 像……一样。 The same as the past. (一如从前。)
(4) such/ so…as. 像……一样。 Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history . (像荷马那样的诗人，不仅要精通文学，还要精通历史。) (5) no sooner than.. 一……就（几乎同时，夸张用法）。 No sooner said than done.(说到做到。) (6) No more than. 就像，不优于。 You’re no more capable of speaking French than I am. （你我都不会说日语。） (7) No less than. 就像，不次于。 Technology is no less important than market. (技术和市场同样重要。) (8) 否定代词+more than (else than, other than) 。than是介词，只不过……而已。 This is no other than myself. （这人就是我。） 3.差逊(inferiority) (1) inferior to. 比……差，逊于…… She in to some degree inferior to him in literary. （她比他在文学上稍逊风骚。） (2) less than.. 少于，不到 It rains less in Jinan than in Hangzhou.
英语比较结构 英语比较结构是用来表达两个或多个事物之间的比较关系的语言结构。下面列举了一些常用的比较结构： 1. 形容词+ -er/-est 例如： - tall - taller - tallest - small - smaller - smallest - big - bigger - biggest 2. 不规则比较级形式 例如： - good - better - best - bad - worse - worst - far - farther/further - farthest/furthest 3. as ... as ...
例如： - You are as tall as your brother. - This car is as fast as that one. - That movie is as good as this one. 4. more/less ... than ... 例如： - She is more outgoing than her sister. - This book is less interesting than the other one. - The red shirt is more expensive than the blue one. 5. the + 比较级 ... the + 比较级 ... 例如： - The more you study, the better your grades will be. - The earlier you arrive, the better your chances of getting a good seat. - The less you talk, the more people will listen to you.
英语比较级常用的句型结构点击次：6685发表时间：2013-4-19 9:17:49 1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然 例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。 This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快 She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 2.比较级常用的句型结构 (1)"甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙"表示"甲比乙…"或"甲比乙…几倍" 例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。 This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。 "甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙"表示"甲比乙…"或"甲比乙…几倍" 例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。 He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
(2)"甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……"，含义是"甲最……"。 例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。 =The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。 =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。 "甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……"，含义是"甲最……"。 例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。 = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
考点1：原级比较一般结构as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; 1. There are as good fish in the sea __as___ ever came out of A. than B. like C. as D. so 考点2：A is to B what / as X is Y ; 1. Nine is to three _what____ three is to A. when B. that C. which D. what 2. Intellect is to the mind _what___ sight is to the body. (2001) A. what B. as C. that D. Like 3. Twelve is to three what four is to A. what B. As C. That D. like 。 考点3：倍数或几分之几 “A + be + X times + as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B”。 “A + be + X times + 计量形容词比较级+ than + B ” “A + be + X times + the + 计量名词+ of + B “The + 计量名词+ of + A + be + X times + that + of + B ” 1. A new laptop costs about _there times the price____ of a second-hand one. 2009 A. the price of three times B. three times the price C. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price 2. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _/___ the size of St. Peter's in A. / B. that of C. which is D. of : 3. Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice __as much as_____ they did before their diet. 1993 than many as than much as 4. A person's blood flows through a pipeline of vessels that, end to end, would stretch more than__two and a____ half times around the Earth at the A. twice B. two and a C. two and D. twice and 考点4： (1) more than “不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。 1. It was _a success than___ we had A. more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as (2) more …than “与其说……不如说，不是……而是” 1. Do you know Tim’s brother He is _more of a sportsman___than Tim2005. <
(comparative Construction) 英语中比较结构最主要有三种： 1.as…as…结构: 基本模式：as+adj/adv (原级）+as… 否定形式：1) not as/so+adj/adv (原级）+as… 2)也可用less…than… e.g John is as bright as Bob. (否定）John is not as bright as Bob. John is less bright than Bob. 用法： 主语不同，比较项目相同。 This bag is as heavy as that one. 2. 主语相同，比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. 3.主语和比较项目都不同。 The swimming pool isn’t twice as wide as that one is long.（倍数+as+adj/adv+as..) 另一种模式：as much/many + n. +as… 否定形式：not as/so much/many + n. +as… 1) He took as much butter as he needed. He didn’t take as/so much butter as he needed. 2) She has written as many essays as her brother (does). She hasn’t written as many essays as her brother (does). 变体形式：as + adj(原级）+名词词组+ as… (注意下列句子的语序） 1.George is as efficient a worker as Jack. (名词的意义受到强调） or George is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack. (形容词的意义受到强调） 2. 我不想要一辆这么贵的车。 I don’t want as expensive a car as this. I don't want a car as expensive as this. 2.more…than…结构: 1) 用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。 The concert was more enjoyable than lecture. 2)用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。 The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. 当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。 此用法也可用于less…than…结构，意思刚好相反。 The present crisis is much less a political than an economic crisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。 3.the most…结构(（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围): 比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用： any other +单数名词 the other +复数名词
比较结构的讲解(34句) 来自《长难句》： 1、it is not that…but that…这不是说……而是说……(分析见22) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparayue and of couse much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 2、nothing less than完全是，实在是 What the man said was noting else than nonsense. 那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 It is nothing else than a blackmail. 这简直就是敲竹杠。 3、as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时作定语从句处理。 We hope the measures to control prices ,as they have been taken by the government, will succeed. 4、n.+or + n. or 后面的名词是同位语，应译为“即，或者”。 Moreover , technology includes techniques, or ways to do things ,as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 再者，除机器外，技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些技艺并不一定都要机器。我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。 5、more…than… The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches. 人类社会形式的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不情愿承认这一点的。（than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句。） It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependend, and that the so-called division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real. 看来，这两门学科是相互依存的，因为在理论科学家和应用科学家之间，与其说存在着所谓的区分，不如说这种区分只是表面存在的。（在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为“与其说……不如说”）
常用比较结构总结： 1. 同级比较：是说明两个比较的事物是同一级别的。 1）as…as… 这是英语里最常用的同级比较结构，第一个as 是副词，后接形容词或副词，第二个as是连词或关系代词，后面接从句。如果该结构中出现作宾语或表语的名词，则名词放在两个as 之间。如果该名词时复数可数名词或者前面有some, a little等修饰时，则该名词放在第一个as前面。 With the deepening of the reform, the economy along China'seastern coast isas developed asthose of developed countries. （随着改革的深入，中国的东部沿海一带的经济已和发达国家的经济一样发达了。） There is as much orange juice in this glass as in that one. （这个杯子里的桔子汁和那个杯子里一样多。） I will give you a book as interesting as this one. （我会给你一本和这本一样有趣的书。） 需要注意的是，英语里有些习语含有as…as ••结构，但并不表示同级比较， 女口：as many as…（达…之多），as well as… （也，同），as good as … （同样，实际上）等。 2）as…so… 这个结构中，第一个as是连词，后接从句，so为副词，通常放在主句句首或省略，如果省略，则主句用正常语序，并同时加入also等类似的词以补充意义。 如： As a man lives, so shall he die. （人有生也有死。） 3）A is to B, what C is to D 在这个结构中，what引导名词性从句。意为：“A之于B正如C之于D”。 如： Food is to body, what knowledge is to mind. （食物之于身体，正如知识之于心灵。） 4）the same…as… 这也是英语中常见的同级比较的结构，as 是连接代词，用来引导从句。 The little bird 'scolor is the same as its mothe'sr. （这小鸟的颜色和它妈妈一样。） 5）may/might as well… as… 该结构表示“正如…也…”，as well 后面是被比较的事物或客体，而第二个as后面才是比较的主体，如： You might as well like interesting books as like delicious food. （正如你喜欢有趣的书一样，你也喜欢美食。）
第七节倒装、省略、比较结构和附加 疑问句 一、倒装（inversion） 倒装句有两种形式：完全倒装（full inversion）和部分倒装（partial inversion）。将整个谓语动词或整个谓语部分都放在主语前面时，称为完全倒装。只将助动词置于主语前，谓语其余部分置于主语后，则是部分倒装。 1.完全倒装 1)以here, there, now, then, from, out, down, in, up, away, on等副词开头的句子，且谓语动词表示位置 转移的动态动词时。 2)地点状语置于句首，也会引起完全例装。此类句中 的谓语动词大多是表示走动或状态的不及物动词 go, come, stand, sit, lie 等。 3)表语放在句首以加强语气时，主语要放在be动词 之后形成完全倒装。 2.部分倒装 1)表示否定或基本否定的词或者词组放在句首作状语时，通 常句子要部分倒装。这些词有：never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, little, now here, no sooner…than…, not only, in no case, in no way, on no account, at no time, under (in) no circumstances等。 2)句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适
用于本句时，通常句子要部分倒装。（注意：当so放在句首只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定时，不用倒装。）3)Only引出的状语放在句首时，一般都是部分倒装。（注意： only属于主语的一部分时，不可用倒装结构）。 4)As引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，将表语或谓语中的 动词提前。系动词be前置用倒装结构，引导让步状语从句。 二、省略（Ellipse） 1)在以if, when, though, although, as, as if等连词引导的从句中，如 果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句主要动词是be时，通常省略从句的主语和系动词。 2)并列句中如果后面句子和前面句子有相同的成分，往往都会省略， 以避免重复。 三、比较结构（Comparative Construction） 1.原级比较 1)As…as结构，为原级比较，表示“和…一样”，其否定 式形式为n ot so/ as…as。该结构前可以用nearly, almost, nothing like(绝对不), just, twice等词修饰。 2)A is to B what C is to D句型，其中的连词what可以 用来表示比较两种事物相同或相似的关系，表示“A