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完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析

语法考点之一:虚拟语气

考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气

1、与过去事实相反:从句sbhad done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+havedone;

2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。

3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+todo),主句sb would (should,could, might)+do。

4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。

比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;

考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command, suggest, advise, propose, a sk,require, request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。

考点3:Itis +advisable,essential, important, imperative,incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。

考点4:it is(high/about)time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。例如:

考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would havedone表示假设。

考点6:if only, wish,as if/as though引导从句,

与过去事实相反:had +done;

与现在事实相反:动词过去式;

与将来事实相反:could/would+do

考点7:would rather/sooner从句中

使用一般过去式或过去完成式

分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟

考点8:lest/ forfear that+(should) +原形动词。

语法考点之二:情态动词

*情态动词: will(愿意),shall(将), must(必须), can, may,would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢),have to(不得不)

考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:ﻫ(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(表示推测)ﻫ(2)某些情态动词的特殊用法

考点1. 情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示推测

(1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为:can’t/couldn’thave v-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。

(2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。

(3) may/ might have done表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.

(4) oughtto/ should have done 和oughtnotto/ shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”

(5) needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为“本没必要…”。

*did not need to do 动作并没发生。

考点2.特殊用法

(1)should 表示惊讶

1. I am surprised__ this city is a dullplace to livein.2006

A. that you should think

B.by what you are thinking

C. that you wouldthink D.with what you werethinking

(2) Can’t but+ V.,表示不得不,与have to同义。Can’thelp +Ving忍不住。

(3) cannot … too / enough表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”

(4)may/mightas well + 动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于hadbetter

(5)maywell + 动词原形”,意为“(完全)能,很可能”

(6)mayas well as还是…好了

语法考点之三:非谓语动词

考点1:不定式

(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式;

(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式;

Had better/had best

Wouldrather/wouldrather … than/rather than/would sooner/would sooner…than

Cannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/donothing besides/do nothingthan

Why引导的疑问句

(3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态:

进行式tobe doing,

完成式to have done;

一般式被动语态tobedone;

完成式被动语态to havebeen done。

另外,不定式短语有将来时的意思;

考点2:动名词

(1)常接动名词做宾语的词:mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice,

risk(冒险), resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认),avoid(避免), appreciate(感激),fa ncy(幻想), finish(完成),feellike(喜欢),escape(逃脱),ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent,detest,imagine(想象), suggest(建议)

(2)介词后的ing:

prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing 阻止…做…

spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱;

how/what about doingsth 做…怎么样了?

Havesome difficulty/trouble in doing在…方面有些困难;

There isnosense indoing (做…是没有理由的)

Thank/admire /praise/blame /scold/ punishsb fordoing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人

(3)接动名词做介词to 的宾语:

apply oneself to致力于;be accustomedto习惯于;confess to供认;cometo谈到;devote oneself to献身于;get down to着手做;give wayto 对…让步;lead to导致;lookforwardto期待;n ext to几乎;objectto反对;pay attention to注意;stick to坚持;stand up to勇敢面对;turnto求助于;beused to习惯于

考点3:分词

(1)从语态上看,

现在分词一般表主动,

过去分词一般表被动;

(2)从时态上看,

现在分词表示进行,

过去分词表示过去。

如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,分词用完成时。

(3)现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。

*非谓语动词解题三步曲:

一、首先确定主句;

二、分析主动被动;

三、分析动作先后

1._____ should not become aserious disadvantage inlife and work.2010

A. To benot tall

B.Not being tall

C. Being not tall D.Not to be tall

2."Theman preparing the documents is thefirm's lawyer" has allthefollowing possible meaningsEXCEPT. 2009

A.the manwho has prepared the documents...

B. the man whohas been preparingthe documents...

C. the man whois preparing the documents...

D.the man who will prepare the documents...

3. ______ at in thisway, the situation doesnotseem sodesperate.2000 A.Looking B. looked

C.Beinglooked D.to look

4.Ifnot ____ with the respecthe feels dueto him, Jackgets very ill-temperedandgrumblesall thetime.2004

A.beingtreated B. treatedC. be treated D.having been treated

5. ______,he cannow onlywatch it on TV at home. 1998

A.Obtaining not a ticket forthematch

B.Notobtaining a ticket for the match

C. Not having obtainedaticketfor the match

D. Not obtained a ticketforthematch

6. He wasn’t askedtotake onthechairmanship of the society, ______insufficiently poplar with all members.1996

A. having considered

B. wasconsidered

C. was beingconsidered

D. being considered

7. He noticed the helicopterhovering over the field.Then tohis astonishment, hesaw a rope ladder______outand three menclimbing down it. 1995

A.throwing B.beingthrown C. having thrown D.having bee nthrown

8. This missile is designed so that once_____nothing can bedone to retrieve i t.1995

A. firedB. being fired

C. they firedD. having fired

考点4:独立主格

(句中没有连接词,

逗号分开两个句子,

存在两个主语。

形式:名词/代词+分词)。

(1)分词短语作状语时,有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”,相当于各种形式的状语,表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因

(2)介词(with)+名词+形容词/副词+分词,表示伴随行动做或补充说明

1.Agriculture isthecountry’schief source of wealth, wheat ______by farth ebiggest cerealcrop.2003

A.isB. beenC.beD. being

2.Time______, the celebrationwillbeheld as scheduled.2003

A. permit

B.permitting

C.permitted D. permits

3.There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to anend half anhour earlier.2000

A.to be B. tohave been

C. being

D.be

4._____no cause foralarm, the old manwent back to his bedroom.1996

A. There was

B. Since

C.Being D.Therebeing

5.Thecountry’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______the most important of these.1994

A. have been B.are

C.being

D.are being

6. The tape recorder___out oforder, thestudents did not knowwhat todo.1990 A.was B.Being

C. has beenﻩD.was being

语法考点之四:定语从句ﻫ关系代词:which(指sth 作主语或宾语),that(指sb或sth作主语或宾语),who(指sb作主语或宾语),whom(指sb作宾语),whose(指sb或sth,作定语),as(指sb,sth 作主语或宾语);

做宾语的时候,关系代词可以省略。

关系副词:when(指时间on which),where(指地点at which),why(指原因for which)

考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that

(1) 只能用who不用that:

1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those时;

2)当先行词为人称代词时。

(2) 只能用that不用who:

1)当主句已经出现who时。

2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

1.He is quiteworn out from years of hardwork.He is not the man _______ hewas twe

ntyyears ago.2003

A. which B.that

C. who

D. whom

考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which

(1)只能用that不用which:

1)先行词为much, little, few,nothing, none,anything, no, all等不定代词。

2)先行词既有人又有物。

3)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。

4)先行词被the very, theonly,the last,just,all,any, every, no等修饰。

5)关系代词在从句中作表语。

6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。

7)主句是therebe句型。

1.Iwas very interested in_____she told me.2009ﻫ A. all that B. all which C.allwhat D. That

2. There is no one in theworld ______.1991

A.thatever mademistakesB.that hasever made mistakes

C. that never makes mistakes D.that sometimesmakes mistakes

(2)只能用which不用that:

1)定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which;

Wedepend on the land from which we get our food.

2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。

1.They overcame all thedifficultiesand completed theproject two months ahead of time, _____is something wehad not expected. 2003

A. which

B. it

C. that

D.what

2.We’vejust installed two air-conditionersinour apartment,____shouldmak egreatdifferences in our life next summer.2002

A. whichB. what C.that D.They

考点3:介词+关系代词(which/ whom)

(1) 关系代词前介词的确定方法:定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系,或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。

1.The party,__Iwastheguestofhonour, was extremely enjoyable.2006

A. by which

B. for which

C.towhich

D.atwhich

2.I’ve never beento Lhasa, butthat’s the city _______.1999

A.I’d mostlike tovisit

B. whichI like to visitmostly

C. whereIlike to visit

D.I’dlike muchto visit

3.I have never beento London, but thatisthecity________.1997

A.where I like tovisit most

B.I'd most like to visit.

C. which I like to visitmostly

D. where I'd likemost tovisit

(2) Whose从句

1.Above the treesarethe hills,_______magnificence the river faithfully refl ectsonthe surface.2003

A. where

B. of whose

C. whose D. which

考点4:关系副词的运用

⑴先行词为“时间的名词”用when

1. Sheremembered several occasions in the past____she had experiencedasimil ar feeling.1998

A. which

B. before

C.thatD.when

⑵先行词为“表示地点的名词”用where

1.Have you everbeen ina situation _____you knowthe otherperson is right yet youcannot agree with him?2002

A. by which B.that

C.in where

D.Where

⑶先行词为“表示原因的名词”why:reason+why…(表示原因的名词只有一个)

考点5:as与which引导的定语从句

as放在句首句中都可以,which 必需放在句中,但下列情况多用as:

1) 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。

As is knownto everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

2) 当与such as或the same连用时,一般用as。

3) as 引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制:

He went abroad, as[which] was expected.他出国了,正如大家预料到的。

He wentabroad, whichwas unexpected.他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)

1.Onlytake these clothes______really necessary.1994

A. as were

B. as they are

C. as theywere

D. as are

2. _____ is often the case with anew idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion producedno concrete proposals. 1994

A.That

B.It

C. This

D. As

注意:

定语从句中主谓一致问题:从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。

Heisoneof theteachers who know English well.

Heis theonlyone of the teachers who knows Englishwell.(特殊)

语法考点之五:状语从句

考点1:时间状语从句

连接词:when, while, as,till/until, before, after,since, once, as soon as, everytime, the moment, theminute,no sooner ..than hardly…when等

(1)whenever

1.Come and see mewhenever_____. (1997)

A.you are convenient B. you willbe convenient C.itis convenient toyou D.it willbeconvenientto you

(2)Nosooner than/hardly ..when/scarcely..when 一.就..用于句首要求倒装

1. The couple had no soonergotto the station_____ the coach left.2009A. whenB.as C. until D. Than

考点2:条件状语从句

连接词:if, unless so/as long as, on conditionthat(条件是),as (so)faras(据..所知), provided that(要是,如果),in case(假使,如果),only if(只有)等

onlyif只有

1.____both sidesaccept the agreement____ a lasting peace be established in thisregion.2004

A. Only if,will

B. If only, would

C. Should,willD.Unless,would

unless 除非

1. Youwon’t get a loan______ youcan offer some security.1996

A. lest B. incase C. unless D. otherthan

2. ___ Iwasverymuch mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.1995

A. Unless

B. As C.ThoughD.Since

考点3:原因状语从句

连接词:Because,since,as(放句首) ,for,now that(既然,由于), when(既然),considerin gthat(顾及到---),seeing that(由于),in that因为, 既然

1.Men differfrom animals ____ they can think andspeak.2008

A. forwhich

B. for that C.in that D.in which

2.Barry has an advantage over his mother ____hecould speakFrench. (2001)

A. since that

B. inthat

C. at that

D. so that

考点4:让步状语从句

连接词:though, although, as, even if/though,whatever,however, wherever, while等引导。

(1) while尽管

1. ______I sympathize,Ican’t reallydovery much to helpthemout ofthe difficulties. 2001

A.aslong as B. as C. while D.even

(2)as/though引导让步状从倒装

As/though引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。

Tryagainas / thoughhe will, he can’tsucceed.

此时应注意:

一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词,要省略不定冠词;

Childas/thoughheis,he knows much about the society.

二、若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词),与之连用的通常是may, might,will, wou ld等,这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)。

Swim as /though he can,he can’t swim sofar.

三、as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装,though引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装,although 引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。

四、让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是though 和yet 可连用。

1. Fool____Jerryis,he could not have donesuch a thing.2010/2002

A.who B.asC.likeD.that

2. _________,Mr. Wellsisscarcely insympathy with the working class.2005 A.Although he isa socialist

B.Evenif heisa socialist

C. Beingasocialist

D. Since heis a socialist

Even if 即使,让步

(3) much as虽然,尽管

1. ____he wanted to go outwithhis friends at the weekend,he had to staybehind to finish his assignment.2008

A.Much thoughB.Muchas C. As muchD. Though much

2. _______Ilike economics I likesociologymuch better.2003

A.As much as B.So much C. Howmuch D. Muchas

3. ____ he needed money foranewcar,he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998)

A. Much as B. Much thoughC. As much D. thoughmuch

(4)for all+n尽管

1._____, he isready to accept suggestionsfrom differentsources. (1997)

A. Instead of hiscontributions

B. For allhis notable contributions

C.Hismaking notable contributions D.However his notable contributions

(5)however+adj./adv.

1.____ he always tries hisbestto complete it ontime.(1999)

A. However the task is hard

B.However hardthe task is

C. Though hard the taskis D.Though hardis the task

考点5:地点状语从句:where/wherever(wherever--- 无论哪里)

考点聚焦:地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别:

Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句,要看从句前是否有先行词,有先行词的是定语从句,否则是状语从句。

考点6:方式状语从句

1. Shedid her work _____her manager hadinstructed. 2002

A.as B. untilC. whenD.though

考点7:结果状语从句

连接词:sothat(=inorder to),so…that, such…that(太…以至于)

(1) somuch so that到这样程度以致…

1.-----Does Alan likelimburgers?2003

-----Yes.So much ______that heeats themeveryday.

A.for

B.as

C. to

D. so

(2) such that达到这样的程度以致

1.The brilliance of hissatires was _____make evenhisvictims laugh.1996

A. soas to

B. suchastoC. so that D. such that

考点8:目的状语从句

连接词:so that, inorder that, for fear that(为了防止), lest(以防)

1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hallso that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006

A.ought tohave B. must have C. may have D. should have

语法考点之六:名词从句

一、、常见考点:

考点1:主语从句

(1) that引导主语从句句型:

that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少,更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首,而将that引导的主语从句放在句末,因此,下列都是常见的主语从句句型:

1) It is +过去分词+ that从句:Itis reportedthat… It is believed that… It is generall ythoughtthat… It should be notedthat… It has been found that…It must b epointed out that…

同样可用的动词还有: say, expect,know, estimate, forecast

2) Itis+形容词+ that从句:It is clearthat… Itis likelythat… Itis possibleth at… It isnatural that…Itiscertain tha t… It isstrangethat… It is fortu nate that… It is necessary that…

3)Itis +名词短语+that从句:It is a pitythat…Itis a factthat… It is good newsthat… It is agood thingthat…It isnowonder that… It is a shame that…It isan honor that…Itis common knowledge that… Itis my belief that… It is a miracle that…

4)It +不及物动词+that 从句:It seemsthat…; It followsthat…; It happensthat…;It turnsout that…;Itcomes about that…

5)其他结构:Itdawns upon/ on sbthat…; It occurs to sb that…; Itmakesno differencethat…;Itdoesn’t needto be bothered that…; Itis of little consequencethat…

(2) whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。

考点2:宾语从句

what/whatever/whoever/whomever

whoever是人称代词的主格形式,一般在句子中作主语;whomever是人称代词的宾格形式,故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于the person that。what/whatever等于thething(s)that。可以理解为“先行词+that”。

1. _____the boss says, it isunreasonableto ask me to work overtime without pay.2009ﻫA.Whatever B.WheneverC.Whichever D. However

2. The governmenthas promisedtodo____lies in its powerto ease thehardshi ps of the victims in the flood stricken area.(2004)

A. however

B. whichever C.whatever D.wherever

3. Shemanagedto save___she could out of her wages tohelp herbrother.2002

A. how littlemoney

B. solittle money

C. such littlemoneyD.what little money

She gave him what money she had.

You maybring what photosyou like.

what用作关系形容词,通常与表示少量含义的little,few连用(注:不能与表示多量含义的many,much连用),表示“虽然少,但把所有的都⋯⋯”。例如:

The scholar spent what little money he hadon books.

I spentwhatlittle time Ihadwith my family.

I will give whatlittlehelp I can.

“Itwas built by working men and women who duginto what little savings theyhadto give$5and$10and $20 tothe cause.”

4. After ___seemed anendless wait, itwasher turn to enterthe personnel ma nager’s office. (1999)

A.that B.there C. what D. it

5. Wecan assign the task to _____ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)

A.whomever B. who C. whom D. Whoever

考点3:表语从句

(1) 表语从句通常是置于系动词,尤其是is后边。

1.Quality is____ counts most.2008

A.which

B.that

C. what D.where

考点4:同位语从句

(1)“名词+that +陈述句”句型:

(2)nodoubt+that/doubt+whether

1. There is nodoubt ____the company hasmade theright decisionon the sales project. (2001)

A. why

B. that

C. whether

D. when

语法考点串讲之七:主谓一致

1) “就远原则”:在“A +(with,togetherwith,along with,as well as,but,excep t, besides, like,including, rather than,more than,noless than)+B”结构中,谓语动词的单复数与之B一致。

1.MrWells,together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe thisafternoo n.2004

A. are toleave B.areleaving C. isleaving D.Leave

2)就近原则:neither…nor…,(either)…or…,not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则:谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。

1.It is futile to discussthematterfurther, because ____going toagreeupon anything today.2003

A. neitheryou nor I areB.neither you normeis C. neither you norI amD. neitherme noryou are

3) more than one +n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / NoA andno B/one and ahalf+n 谓语动词用单数。

注意:more 复数名词+than one 用复数,More membersthanone are against your plan.

4)由and连接的多个成分,若表示一种事物或一种概念时,用单数动词;若表示的是多个不同的概念时,则用复数动词。并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。如:bread and butter, breadand cheese, a knife and fork,a cart and horse,needle and thread, law and order,fishand chips,meat and potatoes

5)如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任时,表示一类人,为复数概念,谓语用复数。

6) people, police, cattle,militia是复数名词,接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep ,de er, fish,means, aircraft works单复数同形, 动词根据名词的单复数决定。

7) 常见的表示成对概念的复数名词,如:pants, trousers, scissors,scales(天平),glasses, bino culars(双筒望远镜),spectacles, bifocals(双光眼镜)。谓语动词用复数。

8) 形式上是复数(词尾加s),但表示单数概念的词,谓语用单数。Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、polit ics, statistics, measles, diabetes。若statistics不表示学科,而表示“统计数据”时,则需要复数。

1. The statistics___thatliving standards in theareahave improveddrasticall yin recent times.2006

A. proves

B. isproving C.are proving D. prove

9)书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

1.Allthe President’s Men______ one ofthe important books for historians who studythe Watergate Scandal.2007

A. remain

B. remains

C. remained D.isremaining

10)“

语法考点之八:倒装句

考点1:全部倒装

(1)在以now, down, away,here, there 等副词开头的句子里。

Therestands a talltreeinfront of our schoolgate.

Now comes your turn.

(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。

考点2:部分倒装

(1)Only+状语位于句首时

Only inthis way can we make great progress.

(2)否定副词及短语位于句首时。ﻫ常考的词或词语有not,seldom,hardly, little, nowhere,by no means, inno time等。

1. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herselfwasin great danger.2009ﻫA.she cared B.shemaycareC. mayshecare D. did she care

(3)so\ neither\ nor 位于句首时。

1. So +助动词+主语:…也一样。

2. So +主语+助动词:…确实如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情,两件事情用soit is(the same) withsb

1.It isgoingto befine tomorrow._______.2009

A. Sois it.

B. So itis.C. So it does.D. Sodoesit.

3. Neither和Nor 用于否定句,表示“ 也不,也没有”。Neither\Nor+助动词+主语

1. He is notunder arrest, _____ any restriction onhim. (1995)

A. orthe police have placed B. or have the policeplaced

C. nor the policehaveplaced D.nor have the police placed

(4)在“so +adj./adv. + that…”句式中,将“so +adj./adv.”放在句首时的倒装。

1. So badly _____ inthecar accidentthat hehadto stay in hospitalfor afew months. (1994)

A.didhe injure B. injuredhim C. washe injuredD.hewas injure d

(5) not only … but also…;not...until 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)

1.Notuntila monkey is several years old__to exhibitsigns of independence from its mother. (1991)

A. it does begin B.whenit begins C.does it begin D. before it begins

语法考点之九:反义疑问句

1)情态动词:

(1)反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有haveto时,附加疑问句通常用助动词do;

反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时,附加问句用助动词did。

1.There used to be a petrol station near thepark, __?2006

A.didn’t itB. doesn’t there C. usedn’tit? D. didn’t there

(2)反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时,need做情态动词,附加疑问句仍用need,need做实义动词时,附加问句用助动词do。

(3) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语I wishtohavea wordwith you, may I?

2) 祈使句的反义疑问句:

(1)do...,don't...?; don't...,do...,?

1. When you havefinished with that book,don't forget to put it backon my desk, _____?2008

A. do youB. don't youC. will youD.won't you

2. When you have finished with that videotape, don’t forget to putit in mydraw er, _____? 1997

A. do you

B. will youC.don’t youD.Won’t you

3. Dohelpyourself to some fruit,______you?2000

A.can’t

B. don’t

C. wouldn’t D.won’t

3)陈述部分用no,nothing, nobody, never, few,seldom,hardly, rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。

1.She seldom goes tothetheatre,_____?2010

A.doesn't she B. does she C. would sheD.wouldn't she

4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式

5)复合句的反疑疑问句

(1)带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定

1.She would have beenmore agreeable if she had changeda little bit, ______?2003

A.hadn’t she B.hasn’t she C. wouldn’tsheD.didn’tshe

(2)上述部分主句谓语是I/wethink,believe,expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句:前肯定句,后用否定句;前有否定句,后面附加问句用肯定。Idon't thinkhe is bright,is he?

语法考点之十:形容词比较级和比较结构

考点1:原级比较一般结构as … as; notas …as ; the same … as ;

1.There are asgood fish in the sea_____ever cameoutofit.2007

A.than

B.like

C. as D.so

考点2:A istoB what /as X is Y ;

1.Nine is to three_____three is to one.2008

A. when

B. that

C.which

D.what

2. Intellect is to the mind____ sight is to the body. (2001)

A.whatB.as C. thatD. Like

3.Twelve is to three four isto one.1998

A. whatB. As C. That D.like

考点3:倍数或几分之几

“A+ be + X times +计量形容词比较级+ than+ B”

“A + be +X times+ as+计量形容词原级+as + B”。

1.Some dieters find that after their dieting is over,theyeat twice_______ they di dbefore their diet. 1993

A.morethan B.as many as C.muchthan D.as much as

“A+be+Xtimes+ the+ 计量名词+ of + B

1. A new laptop costsabout _____of a second-handone.2009

A.theprice of three times

B.three times thepriceﻫ

C. as much asthethre etimes price D. threetimes more than the price

2. The squareitself is five hundred yards wide,fivetimes____ the sizeof St.Peter'sin Rome.2008

A./ B. thatof C. which is D. of

考点4:

(1)morethan“不仅是,非常, 十分”等,用法和意义较多。

1.It was ____wehad hoped.2006

A. more asuccess than B. asuccess more than C. as muchof a success asD. a success as much as

(2) more of a +可数名词单数+than更称得上

1.Do youknowTim’s brother? Heis____than Tim2005.

A.much more sportsman B.more ofa sportsman C. more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman

(3) not … any more than和…同样都不

1. Fatcannot change into muscle______muscle changes into fat.1999

A.any more than B.no more than C. no lessthan D. muchmorethan

(4)notmore….than 不超过;前者不如后者

1. Overpopulation poses a terriblethreatto the human race.Yet itis probably_____a threat tothe humanrace thanenvironmentaldestruction.2007

A.nomore B.notmore C. even more D. much more

(5)no less than=as much as

1. Johnis______hardworkingthan his sister, but he failed in the exam.1998

A.no less B.no moreC.not less D.noso

考点5:在more… than 结构中,than有时可看作关系代词,相当于thanwhat…

1. The research requires more moneythan_______.2007

A. havebeen putin

B. has been put in

C. being putin D.to be put in

2.There oughttobeless anxiety over the perceivedrisk of mountain climbing than________ inthepublic mindtoday.1999

A.Exists

B. Exist

C.ExistingD.to exist

考点6:asmuch as

Languagebelongs toeachmember of the society,tothe cleaner__tothe professor.Aas far as B the same as C as muchas Das long as

考点7:not …so much as与其说,不如说

1.Itis not____ much the languageasthe background that makesthe book difficul tto understand.2007

A.that B. as C. soD.very

2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. ButIwasn’t botheredby hisloudness____ byhislack of talent.2004

A. so much as

B. rather than C.as D. than

3. It is not so much the language______the cultural background thatmakes thebook difficult tounderstand.1999

A. but B.nor C. as D. like

考点8 the more…the more

Theless the surface of theground yields to theweight of afully-loaded truck, ______ to thetruck.

A. the greater stressisﻩ

B. greater is the stress

C. the stress is greater D.the greaterthe stress

完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析

语法考点之一:虚拟语气 考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反:从句sbhad done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+havedone; 2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+todo),主句sb would (should,could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。 比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do; 考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command, suggest, advise, propose, a sk,require, request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。 考点3:Itis +advisable,essential, important, imperative,incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。 考点4:it is(high/about)time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。例如: 考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would havedone表示假设。 考点6:if only, wish,as if/as though引导从句, 与过去事实相反:had +done; 与现在事实相反:动词过去式; 与将来事实相反:could/would+do 考点7:would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点8:lest/ forfear that+(should) +原形动词。 语法考点之二:情态动词 *情态动词: will(愿意),shall(将), must(必须), can, may,would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢),have to(不得不) 考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:ﻫ(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(表示推测)ﻫ(2)某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点1. 情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为:can’t/couldn’thave v-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may/ might have done表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了. (4) oughtto/ should have done 和oughtnotto/ shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”

英语专四语法总结

1.主谓一致 就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。3. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。 例句:It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with,no less than,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。 例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句:What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说:“多保重!” 4. 当主语与all,none,any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。 例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of,a great/good many,a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。 例句:A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。 My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。 整体原则 1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

English英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下: mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过) go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下: 如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事” 如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事” 如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”

如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下: 如:be busy/active doing sth. 如:It’s no good/use doing sth. 如:spend/waste time doing sth. 如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句: There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句) 牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.

英语专四语法真题及答案解析

英语专四语法真题及答案解析 Introduction: 英语专四是中国大学生选拔英语能力的重要考试之一,作为一门 语言能力考试,语法是其中重要的一部分。本文将为大家提供英语专 四语法真题的解析,帮助考生更好地掌握语法知识。 Section 1: Sentence Structure 句子结构是语法的基础,正确的句子结构能够帮助我们表达清晰 准确的意思。在英语专四中,常见的题型包括句子改错、补全句子等。下面是一道句子改错题的例子: 原句:They arranged that I should be met at the airport, but for some reasons, nobody did. 错误:reasons 改正:reason 解析:题目要求找出句子中的错误并进行改正。在这道题中,我 们可以发现原句中的“reasons”应该改为“reason”。由于“some” 是不可数名词,因此应该使用单数形式的“reason”。 Section 2: Verb Forms 动词形式在英语语法中占据了很大的比重,考察的内容包括时态、语态、非谓语动词等。以下是一道关于时态的题目:

原句:By the time she arrives, we will have finished the project. 改写:By the time she arrived, we had finished the project. 解析:题目要求将主句中的时态进行改写。由于从句中的动作已经发生,因此主句中的动作也应该改为过去完成时,即“By the time she arrived, we had finished the project”。 Section 3: Adjectives and Adverbs 形容词和副词在句子中负责修饰名词和动词,考察的内容包括比较级、最高级、副词位置等。以下是一道关于形容词的题目: 原句:She is more taller than her sister. 改写:She is taller than her sister. 解析:题目要求删去冗余的部分并改正形容词的比较级。在这道题中,“more”是多余的,因为“taller”本身已经表示了比较级。因此,正确的句子是:“She is taller than her sister”。 Section 4: Articles 冠词在英语中是一个常出现的语法现象,考察的内容包括定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词等。以下是一道关于冠词的题目: 原句:I have a car now. It is very comfortable.

英语专四语法考点总结

一、语法部分考查重点 1、虚拟语气的考点为: would rather+that从句+一般过去时; It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形; proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形; It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时; lest+that+should+动词原形; if only+that+would+动词原形。 2、状语从句的考点为: 非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if; 由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句; just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。 3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。 4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。 5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。 二、词汇部分考查重点 1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。 2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。 3、由同一动词构成的短语如:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。 4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。 5、介词短语在句中作状语如:in terms of;with the exception of;in vain等,另外还应注意rather than,other than,such as,none/nothing+but等词在考题中的出现。

英语专四语法重点总结

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(1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 (2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of 8.表示顺序的两种方式: (1)'名词+基数词',不用冠词,如Chapter four (2)' the+序数词+名词' 如the Fourth Chapter 9.倍数增减的表示法 (1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than (2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as (3) 倍数+名词 (4) 动词+百分比或倍数 (5) 动词+to+数词 (6) double/triple/quadruple+名词 (7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数 10.分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数 11.百分比后接名词时加of 二、形容词副词 (1)前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词 (2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词 (3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等

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