当前位置:文档之家› 英语专业四级语法重点汇总

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

English英语专八专四学习复习资料

英语专四语法重点汇总

版权所有,违者必究,未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。

注:如恶意泄漏该资料,或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段,作者有权追究其法律责任。

本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理,也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦

这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点,按考试经验已经过筛选

一、非谓语动词的主要考点

1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:

mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔

2. 不定式的习惯用法

典型句型整理如下:

如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”

如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”

如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”

如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”

如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”

如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”

例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.

When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.

3. 动名词的习惯用法

典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:

如:be busy/active doing sth.

如:It’s no good/use doing sth.

如:spend/waste time doing sth.

如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.

如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.

如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.

例句:

There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句)

牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受

I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.

二、形容词与副词及其比较级

1. 形容词的句法功能

形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:

(1) 以“a”开头的形容词

如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的

例句:Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.

Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.

(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等

(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语

这些典型单词罗列如下:

“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等

例句:The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。

There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperation will prove unworkable. 这种合作模式大有可能行不通。

2. 某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念

这些典型词汇总结如下:

“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“prefer to”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differ from”、“compared with”、“in comparison with”、“different from”、“rather than”等

例句:After visiting at weekends, I think their villa is superior to all the other villas in the countryside.

3. 有关比较级的特殊句型

(1) not so much…as…与其说…还不如说…

例句:The major reason for his suicide isn’t so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.

(2) no/not any more…than…两者一样都不…

例句:It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain altogether.

(3) no /not any less…than…两者一样都…

例句:I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school, and particularly speaking, mathematics was no any less

good than physics at that time.

(4) just as…so…正如…,…也…(会使用到倒装结构)

例如:Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food, so is the ice cream.

三、虚拟语气

简明概述:虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反,是一种主观假想的情况。

时态:可表示过去、现在和将来,特征是时态相应退后。

1. 与现在事实相反的主观假设:

例句:

If there were an English dictionary, we could consult it for this difficult word.

If my bigger brother were here, he would do us a favor to move the

heavy box.

2. 与过去事实相反的主观假设:

例句:

If he had studied more diligently, he would have passed the exam undoubtedly.

If my favorite teacher had been here yesterday, I would have paid more attention to the lesson.

If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.

3. 与将来事实相反的主观假设:

例句:

If you made great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.

If you were to make great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.

If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.

混合条件句:

主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致,这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。

例句:

If you had finished your homework by yourself yesterday(过去), you would not copy other’s answers in a hurry(现在).

If you had asked your mother how to cook last week(过去), you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish(现在).

虚拟语气的倒装

如果从句中有were,should,had,则需要倒装。

倒装方法:将if省略,再把were,should,had挪到从句的句首。注:如果从句中没有were,should,had,则不能省略if,也不

可倒装。

例句:

原句:If my bigger brother were here, he would help us to move the heavy box.

倒装:Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.

原句:If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.

倒装:Had the child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.

原句:If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.

倒装:Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.

虚拟语气词:should

很简单,三种形式

(1)It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.(具有命令,建议,要求等口吻的动词过去分词)+ that sb should (should

可省略)do (动词原形)sth.

注:这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。

例如:

原句:

It is suggested that students (should) use dictionary in exam.

宾语从句:

I suggest that students (should) use dictionary in exam.

表语从句:

My suggestion is that students (should) use dictionary in exam.

同位语从句:

I provided a suggestion that students (should) use dictionary in exam.

(2)It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc. (带有主观色彩的形容词)+ that sb (should) do sth.

(3)It is a pity/a shame, etc. (名词性词组)+ that sb (should) do sth.

虚拟语气特殊句型:

It is high (high可省略)time that …该是……的时候了“that …”从句动词可以用

(1)过去时

(2)should(不能省略)+ 动词原形

例句:

It is (high) time that we should draw up a contract.

It is (high) time that we drew up a contract.(草拟合同)

含蓄虚拟语气

除了常规的连词if以外,还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。

1. Without “要是没有……”

例句:Without the rescue of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.

2. But for “要不是……”

例句:But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.

3. Under…“在某种情况下……”

例句:Under such circumstances, the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.

4. With…“有……的前提下”

例句:With the data collected one month earlier, we could finish the project more efficiently.

5. In the absence of …“如果没有……”

例句:In the absence of law, women would continue to lack their rights to vote on their own.

6. Otherwise “否则”

例句:We didn’t know his educational background and achievement in this field, otherwise we would have fired him.

7. If it were not for …“要不是……(用于现在的情况)”

例句:If it were not for the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China, we could not lead a happy life.

8. If it had not been for …“要不是……(用于过去/已经发生的情况)”

例句:If it had not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.

倒装:Had it not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.

9. as if/as though…“好像…似的”

按照具体的语境,既可以用虚拟语气(表示与实际情况相反、主观臆断)、也可以用陈述语气(表示实现的可能性较大或所说情

况即是事实)

例句:

Time can take away our happiness and sadness as if/though it was endowed with magic power.(与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)

My teacher has contributed herself a lot as if/though she was a candle, which lights others and consumes itself.(与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)

The student studied industriously as if/though he had never felt tired and exhausted.(与过去事实相反的虚拟语气)

The boy still stays calm as if/though he has known the beginning and the end of the matter already.(就是事实,按实际的时态即可)

四、定语从句

简明概述:定语从句在句中充当定语的角色,修饰句中前面所提到的名/代词。被修饰的名/代词称为先行词。

关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that):

注:没有what

关系代词所代替的主要是人或物的名/代词,在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

who, whom, that 都可代替人

例句:

Is the boy who/that cheated in the examination? (who/that作为从句主语,代替the boy)

He is the man whom/that we won’t recruit due to his criminal records. (who/that作为从句宾语,代替the man)

whose 可指代人或物

注:如果whose指物的话,也可以用of which来代替。

例句:

Our conversation was stopped by a man whose hair is blonde.

I lent him this book whose pages curled up due to my constant use. =I lent him this book the pages of which curled up due to my constant use.

which, that 代替事物

例句:

We’ll never forget the atrocious violence which/that was committed by Japanese soldiers.

Is that fashion show (which/that) you were talking about just now?(作宾语时可省)

关系副词(when, where, why):

关系副词分别代替的先行词为时间、地点和原因,在从句中充当状语的角色。

注:when, where, why 也可用“介词+ which”来代替。

例句:

This was the moment when/at which the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.

Xi’an is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in which millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.

Is this the reason why/for which there is a severe shortage of funds for our research?

注:that 是可以代替关系副词的,即that可取代“when, where, why”和“介词+which”的形式。(在口语中that可省略)

注:介词后面的关系词不能省略,而且that前不能有介词

例句转换:

This was the moment that the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.

Xi’an is one of the most famous cultural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.

Is this the reason that there is a severe shortage of funds for our

research?

限制性/非限制性定语从句

重点概括整理:限制性定语从句先行词是不能省略的,因为省了先行词的话,句子的意思就会变得不完整和不明确,缺少必要的说明解释。而非限制性定语从句是先行词的额外说明,是可以省略的,省了也不会影响句子的意思和整体性,并且与主句之间常用“,”隔开。

比较例句:

This is the book(which/that) I bought yesterday. (限制性)

This book, I bought yesterday, is very inspiring. (非限制性)

通常是非限制性定语从句的情况分析:

Steven Spielberg, (whom) I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field, won another Oscar Award this year. (专有名词/人名)

My beloved dog, (which) I bought 5 years ago, has caught a bad cold recently. (有物主代词的时候)

This experiment, which was conducted last weekends, proves to be a

big success. (有指示代词的时候)

Her child was always absent-minded in learning and failed in exams, which made her disappointed once again. (由which代替整句主句)

关系代词that的特殊用法总结(只能用that的情况):

先行词既包含人又包含物,只用that,不用which

例句:The volunteers were talking about the nonprofit organization and its staff that made an indelible impression on them.

当不定代词作为先行词(如anyone,anything,nothing,any,everything,something,little,few,much,all等),只用that,不用which

例句:He shared everything with us that aroused his interest in chemistry at school.

先行词用the only/very 修饰时,只用that,不用which

例句:The girl is the only student that will blush with shyness when talking with boys.

先行词是序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不用which

例句:

The first English award that I won was an English debate competition held by Foreign Languages Institute at my university. This was the busiest period that we spent last year in project-consulting and research industry.

在There be句型中,只用that,不用which

例句:There was a ship that passed through a strait.

五、名词性从句

简明概述:名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组/成分。由于它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此名词性从句(总称)又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。

引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下:

1. 连接词:that, whether, if (只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不作任何成分)

注:

2. 连接代词:what (whatever), who (whoever), whom, whose, which (whichever)

3. 连接副词:when, where, why, how

注:连接代词和连接副词作主语时,也常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语。

例句:

It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study.

It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.

注(1):引导主语从句的连接词不可省略

例句:That the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.

注(2):引导同位语从句的连接词不可省略

例句:We worried about the forecast that there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities(一线城市)in the following three years.

注(3):表示“是否”的时候,只用whether不用if的情况1. 后有“or not”

例句:It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the standard of people’s lives or not.

2. 引导表语从句

例句:The keynote is whether children’s safety can be guaranteed.

3. 引导主语从句并在句首

例句:Whether the experiment could be conducted (or not) remained unknown to the students.

4. 作介词宾语

例句:The child is fearful of whether another war will break out at any moment.

六、倒装

简明概述:倒装句由全部倒装和部分倒装组成。全部倒装是把句中的谓语部分全部挪到主语前面,时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时;部分倒装则是将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词倒装于主语之前。如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需要我们帮助补充助动词,如do,does,did,并将它们放在主语的前面。

全部倒装(时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时):

A.句中如有副词here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, etc.位

于句首,谓语动词为come, go, be, stand, fall, lie, etc.

典型例句:

Away ran the child.

There lives a tiger.

Here is your money.

B. 表示方位/运动方向的副词(如in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.)位于句首,谓语表示运动的动词(如come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc.)。

例句:Away swam a whale.

C. 地点状语位于句首

例句:Under the tree rested an old lady.

D. There be …句型

例句:

There is(注意主谓一致)a radio, two television sets and ten chairs in this room.

There are many TV programs in prime time(黄金时间段).

英语专四语法总结

1.主谓一致 就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。3. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。 例句:It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with,no less than,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。 例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句:What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说:“多保重!” 4. 当主语与all,none,any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。 例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of,a great/good many,a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。 例句:A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。 My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。 整体原则 1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例

专四语法重点总结

专四语法重点总结 一、代词、名词、数次 1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称 2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以 3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework 4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas 5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an 6. 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合 1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后 2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s 3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s 4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略 5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s 6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s 7) 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋 必须用of的场合 1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用

复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of 8.表示顺序的两种方式: 1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four 2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter 9. 倍数增减的表示法 1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than 2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as 3) 倍数+名词 4) 动词+百分比或倍数 5) 动词+to+数词 6) double/triple/quadruple+名词 7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数 10. 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数 11. 百分比后接名词时加of 二、形容词、副词 1 前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以置于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词 2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词 3.形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置

英语四级语法总结(全)

英语四级语法总结(全) 一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表: 1.主动形式 2.被动形式

?CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。 ?时间状语从句当中的时态: 一般过去时所有的过去 用一般现在时表示现在和将来 现在完成时现在完成和将来完成 一.非谓语动词 一.不定式: 一)不定式的常考形式: 1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前 二)不定式常考的考点: 1)不定式做定语----将要发生 2)不定式做状语----目的 3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性; + doing表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作) ?感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:

英语专业四级语法重点总结(精)

形容词副词 1前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以置于冠词前的形容词(all both such -----冠词 ,指示形容词 ,所有格形容词 ,不定形容词 (a an the this your his any some-----------基数词 (one 序数词 (first------------表示性质 ,状态 ,质量的形容词 (good useful-------------- 表示大小 ,长短 ,形状的形容词 ---------------- 表示年龄 ,新旧 ,温度的形容词 ------------ 表示颜色的形容词 --------------------- 表示国籍 ,产地 ,区域的形容词 ----------- 表示材料 ,用做形容词的名词 ---------- 动名词 ,分词 2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词 3.形容词修饰由 some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时 ,必须后置 4.enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或 副词时 ,必须后置 5.有些形容词本身就有?比??年长 ?, ?比??优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词 to 而不用 than 6.much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词 7.more 不能用来修饰比较级 8.与名词连用的 more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a....意为更像?? 9.as much of a??意为称得上,less of a意为算不上 10.none other than(不是别人 ,正是 =no other than 11.any/sone/every与 other 连用时 ,其后若用可数名词 ,一般为单数 情态动词

英语专四语法重点总结

英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高) 英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高) 一代数名词数词 1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人 称 2 everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以 3 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词, 它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复 数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是 将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework 4 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an 6 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合 1)’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后 2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s 3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s 4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略

5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s 6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s 7 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋,必须用of的场合 1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of 8 表示顺序的两种方式: 1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four 2)’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter 9 倍数增减的表示法 1)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than 2)倍数+as+形容词/副词+as 3)倍数+名词 4)动词+百分比或倍数 5)动词+to+数词 6) double/triple/quadruple+名词 7)动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数 10 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数 11 百分比后接名词时加of 二形容词副词 1)前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词 ----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词 2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词 3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置 4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置 5)有些形容词本身就有‘比....年长’,‘比.......... 优等的意思这

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

English英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 版权所有,违者必究,未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。 注:如恶意泄漏该资料,或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段,作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理,也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点,按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下: mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下: 如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事” 如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”

如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下: 如:be busy/active doing sth. 如:It’s no good/use doing sth. 如:spend/waste time doing sth. 如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句: There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句) 牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.

英语专业四级语法汇总

语法回顾篇 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点) 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did(be用were), 主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do; 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done, 主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done; 例如: 43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying 49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren‟t B. hasn‟t been C. hadn‟t been D. wouldn‟t 考点3.与将来事实相反, 从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do), 主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。 例如: 43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年) • A. shall need C. would need • B. should need D. will need 考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 例如: If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移。 例如: 65.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.(05年) • A. Hadn't he been taken good care of • B. Had he not been taken good care of • C. Had not he been taken good care of • D. Had he been not taken good care of 考点6. insist(一个坚持);order command(两道命令);suggest, advise, propose(三条建议);ask, require, request, demand(四点要求)及相应的名词的从句,谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形 例如: 58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(04年)

四级英语语法归纳总结

四级英语语法归纳总结 以下是四级英语语法的归纳总结,包括动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等语法点,以及一些常见的语法错误和避免方法。 一、动词时态和语态 1. 常见时态包括现在时、过去时、将来时和完成时。 2. 被动语态使用be动词加动词的过去分词形式。 二、非谓语动词 1. 不定式:to do,表示目的或将来。 2. 动名词:doing,表示抽象或一般意义。 3. 分词:现在分词doing表示进行或主动,过去分词done表示完成或被动。 三、名词性从句 1. 主语从句:由that、whether等连接词引导。 2. 宾语从句:由that、whether、who等连接词引导。 3. 表语从句:由that、whether、who等连接词引导。 4. 同位语从句:由that、whether、who等连接词引导,修饰名词。 四、定语从句 1. 由that、which、who等连接词引导,修饰名词或代词。 2. 从句在主句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。 3. 从句可以省略主语和be动词。

五、状语从句 1. 时间状语从句:由when、before、after等连接词引导。 2. 条件状语从句:由if、unless等连接词引导。 3. 原因状语从句:由because、as等连接词引导。 4. 让步状语从句:由though、however等连接词引导。 5. 比较状语从句:由than、as...as等连接词引导。 6. 结果状语从句:由so...that等连接词引导。 7. 方式状语从句:由as if、as though等连接词引导。 8. 目的状语从句:由so that、in order that等连接词引导。 9. 地点状语从句:由where、wherever等连接词引导。 10. 修饰状语从句的副词放在句尾,前面不加逗号。 11. 表示“无论”、“不管”的连词有whether、however等,它们不能省略主语和be动词。

四级语法知识汇总

四级语法知识汇总 在英语四级考试中,语法是重要的一个部分,涉及到形式、用词、语法结构等多个方面。下面是四级语法知识的汇总,希望能够对大家备考有所帮助。 一、名词 1.可数名词和不可数名词 2.可数名词复数变化规则 - 一般在词尾加-s,如book-books, pen-pens。 - 以-s, -ch, -sh, -x, -o结尾的名词在词尾加-es,如bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes。 - 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,变-y为-i再加-es,如city-cities, baby-babies。 - 特殊变化,如man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet。 3.名词所有格 在名词后加-apostrophe(" ' ")和-s表示所有格,如the girl's book。如果名词后 已经有-s,则只需要加-apostrophe(" ' ")表示所有格,如the students' books。如果名词是不可数名词,则在其后加-of来表示所有格,如a cup of tea。 二、代词 1.人称代词 人称代词包括主格、宾格、所有格等,如I(me, my, mine), you(you, your, yours), he(him, his), she(her, hers), it(its), we(us, our, ours), they(them, their, theirs)等。 2.指示代词 指示代词包括this, that, these, those等,用来指示特定的人或物。如This is the book I want。 3.反身代词 反身代词包括myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves,用于表示动作的承受者和动作的执行者是同一个人,如I hurt myself when I fell down。

专业英语四级重要知识点

专业英语四级重要知识点 一、语法局部考察重点 1、虚拟语气的考点为: would rather+that从句+一般过去时; It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形; proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形; It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时; lest+that+should+动词原形; if only+that+would+动词原形。 2、状语从句的考点为: 非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if; 由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句; just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比拟状语从句。 3、独立主格构造多以规律主语+分词的形式消失。 4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。

5、定语从句重点考察介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。 二、词汇局部考察重点 1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;ac cuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。 2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。 3、由同一动词构成的短语如:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。 4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式消失。 5、介词短语在句中作状语如:in terms of;with the exception of;in vain等,另外还应留意rather than,other than,such as,none/nothing+but等词在考题中的消失。 三、专四重要词组 1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。 2. be absent from. 缺席,不在 3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引的留意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

英语四级语法考点总结

英语四级语法考点总结 英语四级考试是中国大学英语四六级考试的简称,是对大学本科生 英语能力的一种评估方式。在四级考试中,语法部分一直被认为是考 生们需要重点关注和备考的考点之一。本篇文章将对英语四级语法考 点进行总结,以帮助考生们更好地应对考试。 一、名词(Noun) 名词是英语句子中最基本的词性之一,可以用来表示人、事物、地点、概念等具体或抽象的事物。在考试中,常见的名词考点有以下几 个方面: 1.名词的单复数形式(Noun Number) 名词的单数和复数形式在表达时需要根据语法规则进行变化。常见 的规则包括在名词后面加-s或-es,或者改变词尾字母等。例如,book (书)的复数形式为books(书籍),child(孩子)的复数形式为children(孩子们)等。 2.可数名词与不可数名词(Countable and Uncountable Nouns) 可数名词表示可以被计数的事物,可以使用不同的数量词进行修饰,如a/an,two,three等。而不可数名词表示无法被具体计数的事物,只 能使用一些表示数量的词语进行修饰,如some,much,a lot of等。例如,water(水)是不可数名词,而book(书)是可数名词。 3.名词所有格(Possessive Nouns)

名词所有格用来表示某物属于某人或某物,通常在名词后面加上-apostrophe和-s。例如,John's book(约翰的书),the cat's tail(猫的尾巴)等。 二、代词(Pronoun) 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词语,可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词等。常见的代词考点有以下几个方面: 1.人称代词(Personal Pronouns) 人称代词用来表示说话者、听话者或其他人的身份或位置。在考试中,常见的人称代词有I,you,he,she,it,we,they等。 2.物主代词(Possessive Pronouns) 物主代词用来表示某物属于某人或某物,可以替代名词所有格的用法。常见的物主代词有mine,yours,hers,its,ours,theirs等。 3.指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns) 指示代词用来指示特定的人或物,在句子中起到指代的作用。常见的指示代词有this,that,these,those等。 三、动词(Verb) 动词是句子中最重要的词性之一,用来表示动作、状态或存在的事物。在四级考试中,动词的考点涉及以下几个方面: 1.时态(Verb Tense)

英语四级的语法重点整理

英语四级的语法重点整理 一、动词时态 英语中的动词时态主要分为以下几种: 1. 现在时态:表示目前正在进行的动作或状态,或者一般的真理、习惯等。 2. 过去时态:表示过去某个时间内发生的动作或状态。 3. 将来时态:表示将来某个时间内将要发生的动作或状态。 4. 现在进行时:表示目前正在进行的动作或状态。 5. 过去进行时:表示过去某个时间内正在进行的动作或状态。 6. 现在完成时:表示过去发生但与现在仍有关联的动作或状态。 7. 过去完成时:表示过去某个时间点之前发生的动作或状态。 8. 将来完成时:表示将来某个时间点之前将会发生的动作或状态。 二、动词的语态 英语中的动词语态主要分为以下两种: 1. 主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者。 2. 被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者。 三、名词 名词是英语中的一个重要词类,主要分为以下几类:

1. 可数名词:表示可以单独计数的名词,可分为单数和复数形式。 2. 不可数名词:表示不可以单独计数的名词,只有单数形式。 3. 特殊名词:表示一类特殊的名词,如集体名词、专有名词等。 四、代词 代词用来替代名词,主要分为以下几类: 1. 人称代词:表示指代人的代词,如I, you, he, she等。 2. 物主代词:表示指代所有人的代词,如my, your, his, her等。 3. 反身代词:表示动作的执行者是主语本身的代词,如myself, yourself, himself等。 4. 指示代词:表示指示物体或概念的代词,如this, that等。 5. 不定代词:表示不确定的人、物或概念的代词,如somebody, something, anyone等。 五、形容词和副词 形容词用来修饰名词,副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。在 句子中,形容词通常位于名词前面,副词通常位于动词或形容词后面。 六、介词 介词用来表示名词与其他词之间的关系,如时间、地点、原因、目 的等。常见的介词有in, on, at, by等。

专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)

专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高) 1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称 2 everyone 后面不可以跟 of 短语 every one 就可以 3 以‘名词/动名词+介词 (短语) /形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者 woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework 4 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加 a/an 6 名词所有格要点:必须用’s 的场合 1) ’s 属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后 2) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s 3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s 4) 当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略 5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s 6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s 7 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋,必须用of 的场合 1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时 2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时 如果 dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million 前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of 8 表示顺序的两种方式: 1) ‘名词+基数词’ ,不用冠词,如 Chapter four 2) ’the+序数词+名词‘ 如 the Fourth Chapter 9 倍数增减的表示法 1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than 2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as 3) 倍数+名词 4) 动词+百分比或倍数 5) 动词+to+数词 6) double/triple/quadruple+名词 7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数 10 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数 11 百分比后接名词时加of 二形容词副词 1) 前置修饰语的排列顺序 可以至于冠词前的形容词 (all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所

英语四级语法知识的归纳

英语四级语法知识的归纳 每年参加四级考试的同学的很多,那么关于英语四级的语法你又掌握了多少呢?下面由为大家整理的英语四级语法的相关资料,希望大家喜欢! 英语四级语法一,虚拟语气 应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 英语四级语法二,独立主格题 一般说来,在句子中没有连接词的情况下,逗号是无力连接两个句子的,其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式,要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语,不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 英语四级语法三,时态 英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 英语四级语法四,名词性从句 形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点,用什么引导词,引导词前面

的介词形式,引导词在从句中做什么成分,从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外,主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 英语四级语法五,主谓一致 这类考题灵活性大,需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式,如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则:主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。 英语四级语法六,倒装结构 分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句,部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别,as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等,都是考生应当重视的地方。 英语四级语法七,非谓语动词 ①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系,确定使用主动语态或被动语态,然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词; ②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式,同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式; ③表状态多用分词,表目的多用不定式。

专四语法总结

专四必备语法 2by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时;如: By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时; It is four years since John left school一般过去式. 4在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时;如: It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. 5在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句常用过去完成时; 3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去;如: The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened. 二、不定式 1.不定式做主语 1引导逻辑主语的介词:不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导: Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.、 It is silly of you to be cheated by him.. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. It’s time for you to get up. 3.不定式做定语 做后置定语;如:the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性 This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used. According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation. 5不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语;如: Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. I want something to eat. 4.不定式做状语 不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式; so as to不能置于句首;如: The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. only to表示意想不到的结果, Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked. 三、动名词

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档