1.题型特点与命题方式
所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等
抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：
When / Where did the story happen?
Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct?
Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage?
Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
All the statements are true EXCEPT…
该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
2.解题思路与应试技巧
细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。
(2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。
(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。
(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。
干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易
把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：
(1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。
(2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。
(3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。
(4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。
(5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。
下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。
1.直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
第1页共10页选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。例1
Wanted, Someone for a Kiss
We,re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You,ll work on the station,s music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. ( )Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?
A.Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.
B.Mrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.
C.The Enterprise Shopping Centre.
D.Wealden District Council.
答案：A
例 2 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2001, when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. But the experience turned out to be very dull.
( )What happened to the author in 2001?
A. She flew an airplane.
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community 答案：C
2.间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。例3…
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with e ach other in the classroom, I have a rule-no laptops, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.
…
( )Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with.
A. the course material
B. others, misuse of technology
C. discussion topics
D. the author,s class regulations
答案：D
高考阅读---细节题
3.数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
例 4 ...According to the Coalition's studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States, up to three million are homeless-and the number is still growing.
( )How many people are homeless in the U. S. according to the Coalition studies?
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A. 39% of the population.
B. 200 million people.
C. About 3 million people.
D. About one fifth of the population
答案：C 4.排列顺序题
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用‘首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
例 5 The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮)and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. ■ ■ ■
( )Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp - computer - cap - wheelchair B . computer - cap - scalp 一wheelchair
C . scalp - cap - computer - wheelchair
D . cap - computer - scalp 一wheelchair 答案：C 探究点二主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
1.题型特点与命题方式
【设题类型】
(1)概括文章大意；(2)选出最佳题目(标题)(3)概括人物特点。
【设问形式】
(1)标题类常见的标题型题干：
①The best title / headline for this passage might be.
②The text (passage) could be entitled.
③ What is the best title for the passage?
④ Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
(2)大意类常见的主题型题干：
① This passage chiefly deals with.
② What,s the topic of the article?
③ What is the subject discussed in the text?
④ With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
【命题趋势】
考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。常见题型为最佳标题title)或中心思想(main idea)等。主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力最主要的体现。高考中阅读理解的测试，自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章
第3页共10页的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。
2.解题思路与应试技巧
做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识
编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题
或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。
下面结合高考试题，谈谈标题类和大意类主旨大意题的解题技巧。
(1)标题类
标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已
知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。
文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
例7
Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband' s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family s old farm house has become a chicken bourse ,its residents arriving next mont h. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said , “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it' s a win-win situation all around.” They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济),have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Other have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say no since the 1970s have there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country hacek been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.
George C.Ball Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking use in me cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden.
64.What does the word “residents”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. people
65.Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?
A. More Americans are dong it for fun.
B. The price of oil is lower than before.
C. There’s a growing need for fruits.
D. The cost of living is on the rise.
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66.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Family Food Planning
B. Banking on Gardening
C. A Belt-tightening Move
D. Gardening as a Hobby
答案：AAA
（2）大意类
解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。
概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。
例8They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one fails the other is there to catch him.
They are Wellman ,whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experi enced rock climber ,Together ,they climed up Half Dome ,the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park ,the medium of through the most different routes.（路线）
During the climb, Crorbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes（尖状物）that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellmanm pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikers and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days. Wellman,s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body stength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.
However, when the two men first met, they never talked about clim bing . “he knew that was how I got injured.” Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.
Their climb of half dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place. Stopping the fail at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend,s life.
“your partner can sav e your life --- you can save your partner,s life,” Wellman said as the pair recei ved congratulations from friends. ”there are real close ties.”
67.which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing half dome?
A. to climb up to remove the spikes.
B. to climb it twice
C. to do 5,000 pull-ups up the rope.
D. to lock the rope in place.
68.why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?
A. Corbett was poorly trained.
B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing.
C. Corbett didn,t want to hurt Wellman.
D. Wellman hadn,t decided whether to climb again.
69.what do we know about Wellman?
A. he climbed half dome by himself.
B. he was disabled in a traffic accident.
C. he stopped rock-climbing for some time.
D. he was saved by Corbett during the climb.
70.the main idea of the text is that—
A. two beads are better than one
B. friendship is precious in life
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C.the disabled should never give up
D. a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated
答案：BCCB
探究点三语义推测题
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误
地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
1.题型特点与命题方式
此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词语、句义题，因为猜测词语、句义题
涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
(1)要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词短语的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
(2)要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其短语，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
(3)代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法” 理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
(1)The underlined word ”…” in the second (third…)paragraph refers to (means)
(2)By saying ”…” in the first (second…)paragraph, the author means that. (3)In
paragraph , “…” can be replaced by “”.
(4)The meaning of ”…" in paragraph…is related to.
(5)Which of the following has t he closest meaning to…(paragraph...)?
(6)The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that.
2.解题思路与应试技巧
做这种类型的题，要根据词、短语、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握
一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判
断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
It will be very hard but also very brittle - that is, it will break easily.
从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,_ who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为"牧羊人”。
例9 ...In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping_ points,_ such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica…
( )The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “”.
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A. freezing points
B. burning points
C. melting points
D. boiling points
答案：C
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle,_ a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。We are on the night_ shift-from midnight to 8 a. m.—this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
The “Chunnel”，a tunnel(隧道)connecting England and France, is now complete.
止匕句中 a tunnel connecting England and France 是Chunnel 的同位语。因此，the “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。
例10 The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home…
( )The word “address” in the fi rst line probably means.
A.talk about
B.deal with
C.fight for
D.write to
答案：B
⑶根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10, “ Anaclerio said, “and they,re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a s ubject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是'互动的”。
例11 …The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater…
( )The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something
A. that people enjoy eating
B. that is always present
C. that is difficult to get
D. that people use as a gift
答案：B
(4)根据因果关系进行猜测：在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如： (1) The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again
(2) The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious_ university,_ they fear that many of life,s doors will remain forever closed
例12 …The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline(减弱)until eventually it di es into “someone I once knew”...
( )The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “”. A．appointment B．connection C．interview D ．agreement
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答案B
(5)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能判断出代词所指代的事。例如：
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
例13 ...To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee…
( )The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “”.
A. alcohol
B. absorption
C. blood
D. process
答案：D
(6)根据同义关系进行猜测
当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 例
14 …When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can,t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions,_ such as family or hobbies.
( )What does the und erlined word “distractions” probably refer to?
A. Ways that help one to focus.
B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one,s attention away.
D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax. 答案；C
⑺根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从
而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”,因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
(8)通过上下文理解猜测词义
通过上下文的具体信息猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解题中最常见的一种命题形式。
例15 …The family,s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month.
( )What does the underlined word “residents” refer to?
A. Small chicken.
B. Unusual actions.
C. Surprising looks. D . Anxious feelings.
答案：A
探究点四推理判断题
1.题型特点与命题方式
既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：
(1)What can you conclude from this passage? (2)What,s the author,s attitude towards.?
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(3)We can infe r from the passage that…(4)Which statement is (NOT) true?
(5)What is the author,s attitude towards... ?
2.解题思路与应试技巧
考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。
首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。
其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。
再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。
下面结合最新高考试题，对推理判断题的不同类型加以解读。
(1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
例16 …There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn,t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
( )What can be inferr ed from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy,s house?
A. He wanted to have tea there.
B. He was a respectable person.
C. He was treated as a family member.
D. He was fully trusted by the family.
答案：D
(2)整合全文(段)信息进行推断
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳答案。
例17 ...
In the essay, I wrote about my desire to skydive, stating George Bush Sr. did it at age 80.Why not me? I was just 84 and in pretty good health. A year went by and I heard nothing. But then at a community party in late April 2009, they announced that I was one of the winners. I just couldn,t believe it. Inspired by this, I decided to realize my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.
( )The author mentioned George Bush Sr. in her essay to.
A.build up her own reputation
B.show her admiration for him
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd19044841.html,pare their health condition
D.make her argument persuasive 答案：D
⑶利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
很多文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪
状
第9页共10页态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章语境的褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑推断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词语或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进
行逻辑推断很有好处。
例18 ...
Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊).Every so often my son,s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. ( )Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?
A. He missed the good old days.
B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.
C. He missed it for his milk bottles.
D. He planted flowers in it.
答案：A
(4)根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
例19 ...
The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
( )What is the author,s attitude towards building solar plants?
A. ：Cautious.
B. Approving
C. Doubtful.
D. Disapproving.
答案：A
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2020年高考英语阅读理解细节理解题专练（附答案） 1.阅读理解 Geneva(日内瓦)Tourist Guide * Universal compact app for iPhone 6 / iPhone 6 Plus / iPhone 5 / iPhone / iPod / iPad GENEVA TOURIST GUIDE with attractions, museums, restaurants, bars, hotels, theatres and shops with traveler reviews and ratings, pictures, rich travel information, prices and opening hours. Discover what's on and places to visit in Geneva with our new cool app. It will guide you to top attractions and shopping malls, and tell you directions to hotels, bars, and restaurants. This is an all-in-one app for all the local attractions. Our travel guide to Geneva features up-to-date information on attractions, hotels, restaurants, shopping, nightlife, travel tips and more. Highlights : ◆ Geneva Information — Overview, climate, geography, history and travel ◆ Attractions — Ancient sites, beaches, botanical gardens, coffee farms, museums, scenic drives, towns, waterfalls, religious and historical sites, etc. ◆ Hotels —From luxury hotels to budget accommodations, including reviews, price comparison, address and more. ◆ Map — It is an interactive map and get turn-by-turn driving directions. Find traffic details, road conditions, street maps, multi map, satellite photos, and aerial maps. Allow you to easily search and find local businesses with directions. ◆ Gallery — Picture galleries of Geneva's most beautiful sights, interesting events, unusual occasions and more. ◆ POI Search — Search everything at Geneva. Enter any keyword or name to search. Find Name, address, distance, route map, call, and directions to every business location. ◆ Translator — Supports 52 languages, Large text Translation. ◆ World Clock — All major cities of the world (1000 Cities). （1）What is Geneva Tourist Guide? A. An app B. A book C. A map D. An advertisement （2）Which of the following Geneva Tourist Guide can't help tourists? A. To discover what's on and places to visit in Geneva B. To guide tourists to top attractions and shopping malls C. To offer latest information on attractions in Geneva D. To help tourists make friends with Geneva locals （3）Which of the following is not among highlights of Geneva Tourist Guide? A. Information about both expensive and cheap hotels in Geneva B. Chances to visit Geneva galleries without paying any money C. A search system that can find everything at Geneva D. Being able to be used by tourists from all over the world
（英语）高三英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Finding true love can be prey tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this way. The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p.m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband. “I am writing you today because I've decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with forever,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash.“I will personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.” Here is how the program works: Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man. Step 2: I marry that man. Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day. I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.” （1）What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for? A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband. B. Checking the power of money among her circle of friends. C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right. D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love. （2）Wh at does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph? A. delicious B. sensible C. angry D. foolish （3）What's the purpose of the author's mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the importance of finding a good job. B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude. C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job. D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered. （4）What kind of person do you think the lady is? A. Adventurous B. Imaginative C. Considerate D. Polite
最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(附答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 "When someone is rude to you, it can put you in a bad mood. It may even lead you to be rude to someone else, creating a chain of rudeness. In fact, this troubling chain may even be caused by simply seeing someone be rude to another person. You don't even have to be the target of the had behavior," stated a researcher. The researchers worked with 81 persons, with occupations ranging from security to business to medicine, who were asked to complete online surveys over a 10-day period. Participants recorded their moods when they woke up; and in the evening, they described their experiences over the course of that day. Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind. Half of the mornings, the video included some kind of rudeness while the other half had some kind of warm interaction in the workplace. Rudeness was conveyed through various means, including a lack of eye contact or unpleasant language. Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result. Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however. A few weeks before the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their self-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness. Consequently, one of the researchers recommended that companies hire managers who can limit exposure to rudeness, provide plenty of positive reinforcement (强化) and build a civil workplace environment. This, in turn, could help employees build their confidence levels and help them better handle workplace rudeness. （1）What is Paragraph 1 intended to show? A. The popularity of rudeness. B. A regular cause of rudeness. C. A new finding about rudeness. D. The common disadvantage of rudeness. （2）Why are the short videos played for the participants? A. To make them spread rudeness. B. To educate them on workplace interaction. C. To expose them to various aspects of rudeness. D. To teach them how to use right body languages. （3）What is the probable effect of watching the videos on some participants? A. Being unwilling to work. B. Poor ability to do their work. C. Serious emotional sufferings. D. Less interaction with others. （4）Who may not be affected by the rudeness videos? A.People positive and kind to themselves. B.People keeping calm in stressful situations.
专题01 细节理解题之直接细节理解 展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息（有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。对此类题型，考生可以根据题干中的关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节、在准确理解细节的前提下确定最佳答案。 两步解题法 第一步：通过题干和选项定位信息源 A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13-12-30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property (失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd19044841.html,.au or call TransLink on 13-12-30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13-16-17. Guardian trains (outbound)
专题 6 阅读理解专题之----细节理解题 细节理解题的考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字、图表等例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。 【设问形式】 1.事实细节题：分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。 常见设问形式有： 1) What can we learn from the passage? 2) All the following are mentioned except 3) Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? 4) Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? 2. 排列顺序题:常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。 常见设问形式有： 1)Wh ich of the following is the correct order of…? 2）Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…? 3. 图文匹配题：设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。 4. 数字计算题：可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。 【考查方式】 阅读理解细节理解题的出题形式主要有：是非判断题，同义近义（反义）转换题，例证题，定义题，年代与数字题，比较题，原因题，条件题，排序题，图表图画题等。 细节理解题需要将题目与原文进行语境上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，需要进行加工或整理后才能得出结论，属于中档难度题。解此类题需要结合上下文的语境和信息进行简单地概括和判断。1.事实细节题：
阅读知道之细节知道题(Ⅰ) A (202X·广东高三六校第三次联考)How cool can libraries be in an era of iPods and Kindles？More than you think.Only if you know where to go. Central Library：Seattle，Washington，United States The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours.It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus.Tours began in 2006，two years after its opening. The library holds various art exhibitions，book signings and other events，while visitors can stop by the Chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime. Trinity College Library：Dublin，Ireland The Trinity College Library in Dublin is in Ireland，founded at the end of the 16th century by Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.It is the largest single library in the world，also known as the Long Room，which contains more than 200，000 of the library's oldest books.The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps(竖琴)in Ireland.Dating to the 15th century，the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland. Geisel Library，University of California：San Diego，United States At first glance，it looks like a spaceship.Architect William Pereira，who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston，Texas，designed the library in 1970.It has been featured in scifi films，short stories and novels.The library hosts“Dinner in the Library”，which invites readers for cocktails，and also special speeches from distinguished authors. TU Delft Library：The Netherlands The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862，000 books，16，000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum.The building itself exists beneath the ground，so you can't really see the actual library.What makes it interesting is the roof，which is a grassy hill.The roof covers 5，500 square metres.And it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area. 1．Which of the four libraries has the longest history? A．Central Library. B．Trinity College Library C．Geisel Library. D．TU Delft Library. 2．What makes Geisel Library different from the others is that ________． A．a spaceship designer founded the library B．it has a roof of grassy hill C．famous writers often deliver speeches there D．it is the largest single library in the world 3．In Central Library，you can ________． A．drink cocktails B．buy souvenirs C．create paintings D．book events 【语篇解读】本文是一篇运用文。文章主要介绍了四个设计特殊的图书馆。 1．解析：细节知道题。根据Central Library：Seattle，Washington，United States部分中的“Tours began in 2006，two years after its opening.”，Trinity College Library：Dublin，Ireland部分中的“The
(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。 (2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。 (3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。 1.直接信息题 【典例】（2020·某某卷A篇节选） 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据50 Honorable Mentions这一段“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。 【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。 第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对 确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。 2.间接信息题 【典例】（2020·某某卷B篇节选） Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids andmissing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,”she says.However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her
1.题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2.解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1.直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
阅读理解题型分类练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类 A [2022·石家庄市高中毕业质量检测(一)] Guided Tours in the British Museum Around the world in a 70minute tour Explore some of the most famous objects on display at the Museum. See the details of the characterful Lewis Chessmen, surprise yourself at the ancient texts on the worldfamous Rosetta Stone and get closer to more highlights from the collection. Time：11：30－12：40, 14：00－15：10, 18 Mar.2022－29 May 2022 Price：￡14 (Adults and children aged 12＋) Life and death in ancient Egypt Discover how people lived and died in ancient Egypt, and explore their hopes for the life after death. From statues and models of daily life to wall paintings, investigate what tombs and burial goods tell us about the lives of ancient Egyptians. Time：9：00－10：00, 19 Mar. 2022－18 Dec. 2022 Price：￡33; ￡30 (Students, disabled visitors); ￡16.50 (Children aged 5－15); Free for children under 5 An introduction to China Gain an insight into the development of the Chinese history and culture from 5000 BC to the present day. Appreciate the exhibits featuring Tang dynasty tomb figures and Ming dynasty blueandwhite porcelain. Time：9：00－10：00, 19 Mar. 2022－17 Dec. 2022 Price：￡33; ￡30 (Students, disabled visitors); ￡16.50 (Children aged 5－15); Free for children under 5 An introduction to the ancient Greek world Start from the rise of the Greek city states to the empire of Alexander the Great. Enjoy some of the highlights of the collection, including sculptures from the Parthenon and the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus—one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解细节理解类 【分类真题】 （2019年课表全国卷二，C） Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. "I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan." That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D.Restaurant service. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：第二段中的数据是关于什么的？根据第二段A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the re-port.可知，本段中出现的数据都体现了人们吃饭的习惯，所以选择B 项。A:食物的多样性；C:餐桌礼仪；D:餐厅服务。