2021年地区高考英语阅读理解文章的细节理解8例一篇文章有了话题〔topic〕，确定了要表达的中心思想〔main idea〕，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或者表达主题，表达中心思想。弄懂这些细节，对于理解全文的作用是不容无视的，也是归纳、概括文章中心思想的根底。因此，在高考命题中往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或者准确地寻找所需的细节。这类考题可以是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题；但也可能是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。
例1
Tom Brenna was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book.
This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure –a 120-page diary kept 190 years a go by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,〞James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries.
Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It is also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington, D.C. in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear〞during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man, and praised her excellent English.
The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the library Company, which he and his wife considered to be best home for the diary.
Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes〞
when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to realise that he had left it in the taxi.
Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck. “I’ve felt sick since then,〞Luxmoore told reporters.
According to Green, no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward of $1,000, Philadelphia gained another treasure for hit history. And Luxmoore told reporters, “It’s wonderful news. I’m on high.〞
1. From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _______.
A. Tom Brenna
B. an unknown person
C. a Philadelphia magazine
D. the library Company of Philadelphia
2. Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because ________.
A. it was written in Philadelphia
B. it tells stories about Philadelphia
C. people in the city are interested in old things
D. the British and Americans once fought in Philadelphia
3. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?
a. Tom Brennan found the book in an office building
b. The book was shown to James Green
c. Cory Luxmoore arrived from England
d. The book was left behind in a taxi
A. a, b, c, d
B. c, b, d, a
C. a, c, d, b
D. c, a, b, d
注释：
第3小题是掌握文章细节的第一种情况，即获取信息是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题，正确答案显然是B.
第1和2 小题属掌握文章细节的第二种情况，即信息获取是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。第1题通过文章所给的两个信息This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure… ; The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the library Company, which he and his wife considered to be best home for the diary.判断正确答案是D. 第2小题通过Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia.确定正确答案是B.
以上介绍的是处理文章细节的一般方法，在实际解题时还应注意以下两个问题:
1. 解题时应认真阅读题干和文章中的有关细节，以确保所选答案与文章提供的信息完全一致。
例2
We usually say that people have five senses. Senses are the way that we learn what is happening around us. The five senses are sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
Each sense depends on a special organ of the body. This organ receives the information and then the nerves send this information to the brain. For example, eyes control sight. Ears control hearing, and skin controls touch. Taste depends on the taste buds on the tongue, and smell depends on the nose.
In addition, there are also other senses which are equally as important. There is a sense of balance which stops us from falling down. We also have senses of hunger, thirst, and heat and cold.
We may conclude from the passage that all senses are greatly controlled by _____.
A. the nerves in the hands
B. the brain
C. a special organ of the human body
D. the eyes, ears, and nose
注释：
许多学生不加思索地选择了C. 其根据是句中出现了Each sense depends on a special organ of the body. 这里，他们忽略了两点：1〕题干是… that all senses are greatly controlled by … 而并非each sense 2)文章中在Each sense depends on a special organ of the body.句后还有This organ receives the information and then the nerves send this information to the brain. 因此，正确选项应为B.
例3
Lakeland, Florida, April 29 --- two cars dropped from sight, falling into the bottom of a 30-foot deep sinkhole which appeared suddenly. At a town 13 miles from Lakeland, two bedrooms of one house dropped into a hole 60 feet across and 35 feet deep. Part of the next house hung dangerously over the hole.
Sinkholes have been happening without warning in this part for years. So far there is no way to predict (预告) when or where one will appear. But when one does, others usually follow in the same area, usually along a straight line.
The worst sinkhole in recent years appeared in 1965. It was 70 feet across and 150 feet deep. I t destroyed one house, damaged several others and broke the walls of a city block.
One hole, 15 feet deep, opened up this year in the middle of a highway 19 seconds after a car had driven by. Others in the same area took place at night damaging houses, swallowing(吞没) up trees and parts of streets and making 23 frightened persons run away from their homes in night clothes.
Sinkholes happen when the weather is dry. The earth at the surface begins to drop into empty space under the ground, like sand falling in huge hourglass(沙漏) . This is how a sinkhole is formed.
When one sinkhole appears, others usually follow _______.
A. everywhere
B. on a straight highway only
C. nearby
D. in the places far away
注释：
此题许多学生错选为B.其原因是将原文中〔But when one does, others usually follow in the same area, usually along a straight line.〕usually along a straight line 与选项B on a straight highway only 等同起来。故正确选项为C,根据是… others u sually follow in the same area。
例4
People in the Middle East use a special pot for holding drinking water. This pot allows water to be slowly absorbed by the clay . As the absorbed water reaches the outer surface of the pot, it evaporates quickly because of the dry air. Because evaporation (蒸发) water absorbs heat from their surroundings, evaporation acts as a cooling process . This process, in turn, cools the pot. The pot then cools the water held in the pot. Thus, we have an “air-powered cooler〞; the clay also absorbs some of the dirt it the water, thus making it taste purer.
This type of pot has various shapes in different parts of the Middle East.
The “zeer〞in Egypt comes to a point at the bottom. Since it does not have a flat bottom, it is usually supported in wooden or metal holder. The water that has reached the surface of the pot runs down the sides of the pot and drips (滴) off the pointed bottom.
1 Where does the zeer work as a water cooler?
A. In East Asia
B. In any place in the world
C. In places where it is hot and dry
D. In places where there is plenty of water
2.Which is the right order for showing how the zeer works as a water cooler?
a. The clay cools
b. Water goes through the clay and reaches the outer surface
c. The pot cools
d. The water cools
e. Water evaporates to the air around it
f. The evaporating water absorbs the heat around it
A. b, e, f, a, c, d
B. f, a, b, e, d, c
C. b, e, f, a, d, c
D. f, a, b, d, c, e
注释
第1小题如选择A就错了，原因是题干中〔Where does the zeer work as a water cooler?〕work 的含义是“起作用〞，因此正确选项为C.
第2小题应注意原文的表达方式与选项表达的不同，要进展适当的推理才能判断出正确选项〔A.〕
例5
American doctors say that mothers who smoke before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies’ lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies suffer
breathing problems and lung diseases later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1,100 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.
Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer.
Suppose John’s father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary’s mother. According to this text _________.
A. John is more likely to develop lung cancer
B. Mary is more likely to develop lung cancer
C. John and Mary have the same chance to develop lung cancer
D. Neither John nor Mary has more chance to develop lung cancer than other children
注释
解答此题时如对文章第二段Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer. 不注意，就很可能误选A或者B. 如对此注意，并对题干中提到的Mary和John有正确判断〔Mary为女孩儿，John为男孩儿〕，就可得出正确选项D.
2. 分清文章的题目(topic)、主题思想(main idea) 和细节(details) 的区别
例6
When Charles Stratton was five, he stopped growing. His mother took him to see the famous showman. P. T. Barnum. Mr. Barnum thought a small person would be the perfect addition to his show. He hired Charles’ parents along with him, and they traveled the world together.
He gave the two-foot-tall Charles a new name, General Tom Thumb. He taught Tom how to sing, dance, act, and tell jokes. When he felt Tom was ready to perform on stage, he made up ads. To stir up (激起) great interest, he said that Tom was eleven years old and had come from England. During the show, Tom fought battles with tall people. He also danced upon a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall.
Tom’s act was very popular and brought in a lot of money. By the time Tom was an adult, he had grown very rich. He had become a billionaire at the age of twenty-five.
Fortunately for Tom, Mr. Barnum added more little people to his show, and Tom became lucky in love as well. One of the little people was Lavinia Warren, a school teacher. Tom was able to win her love, and they married.
The ceremony and reception were the talk of the town. They were attended by many rich and famous people and by about two thousand guests. Crowds filled the streets of New York to have a look at their tiny wedding carriage. The couple even met with President Abraham Lincoln on their honeymoon, just before going to live in Tom’s house in Connecticut.
Their wedding, which took place during the Civil War, provided a welcome escape from the sad problems of war. Not willing to let this bit of sunshine fade , communities throughout the country
sponsored〔赞助)“Tom Thumb〞weddings. In these weddings, small boys and girls, all dressed up, went through marriage ceremony for fun.
What did the writer try to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Weddings always make people feel full of sunshine.
B. People are always disappointed during war time.
C. Entertainment can serve an important purpose
D. People should be married when they are small children
注释
作者在文章最后一段确实谈到了Charles Stratton’s wedding 的盛况，但这并不说明Weddings always make people feel full of sunshine.〔选项A〕; 而且文章第一句就开门见山地说明Their wedding, which took place during the Civil War, provided a welcome escape from the sad problems of war. 因此可以断定作者想要说明的是wedding的意义，而不是wedding本身，据次，我们也可以推断出这是一道考察文章主题思想的试题，而不是文章的细节。正确选项C中“Entertainment〞指Charles Stratton’s wedding；“can serve an important purpose〞指provided a welcome escape from the sad problems of war.
例7
This book tells about the development of the English people, their forms of government and their language. It shows how they became united with their neighbours in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, and how together they formed the British Empire and helped to form the United States of America. As the writer explains on page 87, it is a history of England because England is the base on which the rest was built.
The study of the past helps us to understand the present. It is hoped that this book will help the readers to understand better the British people of today.
According to the article, we study history in order to understand ______.
A. only the past
B. nothing but the present
C. the present as well as the present
D. better the British people of today
注释
文章第二段中The study of the past helps us to understand the present.并不说明… we study history in order to understand nothing but the present (选项B); It is hoped that this book will help the readers to understand better the British people of today.也不说明… we study history in order to understand better the British people of today.〔选项D〕。通读全文，可以看出作者对如何读一部历史书提出的观点是：The study of the past helps us to understand the present. 这正好与正确选项C的观点一致。
例8
Jacks is the name of a game that is quite popular with children. To play jacks you will need a small rubber ball and ten metal objects called jacks.
The rules for this game are not complicated . To begin, you put the ten jacks on the floor or ground in front of you. Throw the ball up but not too high, pick up one jack. And then catch the ball. Keep the jack in your hand and then go on picking up the other jacks one at a time. You lose your turn if you do not catch the ball, you do not pick up a jack or you drop any jacks from your hand.
When you finish all ten jacks, you now try to do the same thing again but with two jacks at one time. This is more difficult, of course. You lose your turn if you make any of the other three mistakes or if you do not pick up exactly two jacks each time.
A good title for this passage is ______.
A. An easy game
B. Throwing A Ball
C. Two Jacks
D. A Ball And Ten Jacks
注释
此题正确选项为A. 选项D为文章的细节〔A Ball And Ten Jacks仅仅是游戏的用具〕；而文章的题目应该是概括一段文字的总的内容，An easy game不仅包括了游戏的用具，还包括了规那么等等。
励志赠言经典语录精选句；挥动**，放飞梦想。
厚积薄发，一鸣惊人。
关于努力学习的语录。自古以来就有许多文人留下如头悬梁锥刺股的经典的，而近代又有哪些经典的高中励志赠言出现呢?小编筛选了高中励志赠言句经典语录，看看是否有些帮助吧。
好男儿踌躇满志，你将如愿;真巾帼灿烂扬眉，我要成功。
含泪播种的人一定能含笑收获。
贵在坚持、难在坚持、成在坚持。
功崇惟志，业广为勤。
耕耘今天，收获明天。
成功，要靠辛勤与汗水，也要靠技巧与方法。
常说口里顺，常做手不笨。
不要自卑，你不比别人笨。不要自满，别人不比你笨。
高三某班，青春无限，超越梦想，勇于争先。
敢闯敢拼，**协力，争创佳绩。
丰富学校体育内涵，共建时代校园文化。
奋勇冲击，永争第一。
奋斗冲刺，誓要蟾宫折桂;全心拼搏，定能金榜题名。
放心去飞，勇敢去追，追一切我们为完成的梦。
翻手为云，覆手为雨。
二人同心，其利断金。
短暂辛苦，终身幸福。
东隅已逝，桑榆非晚。
登高山，以知天之高;临深溪，以明地之厚。
大智若愚，大巧若拙。
聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累。
把握机遇，心想事成。
奥运精神，永驻我心。
“想”要壮志凌云，“干”要脚踏实地。
**燃烧希望，励志赢来成功。楚汉名城，喜迎城运盛会，三湘四水，欢聚体坛精英。乘风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。
不学习，如何养活你的众多女人。
不为失败找理由，要为成功想办法。
不勤于始，将悔于终。
不苦不累，高三无味;不拼不搏，高三白活。
不经三思不求教不动笔墨不读书，人生难得几回搏，此时不搏，何时搏。
不敢高声语，恐惊读书人。
不耻下问，学以致用，锲而不舍，孜孜不倦。
博学强识，时不我待，黑发勤学，自首不悔。
播下希望，充满**，勇往直前，永不言败。
保定宗旨，砥砺德行，远见卓识，创造辉煌。
百尺高梧，撑得起一轮月色;数椽矮屋，锁不住五夜书声。
浙江2020高考英语阅读理解（细节理解）精讲精练（附答案） 高考英语阅读理解常考点分析 阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型： 1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)； 2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ； 3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)； 4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。 【细节理解题】 Ⅰ. 细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。 1. 直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。 2. 间接信息题：需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。 3. 信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。 Ⅱ. 正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。 Ⅲ. 干扰项的特点： 1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符； 2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容； 3. 与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些不同； 4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误； 5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 【真题回放一】 How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.（2019 浙江卷阅读理解A篇） 42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright .
2021年地区高考英语阅读理解文章的细节理解8例一篇文章有了话题〔topic〕，确定了要表达的中心思想〔main idea〕，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或者表达主题，表达中心思想。弄懂这些细节，对于理解全文的作用是不容无视的，也是归纳、概括文章中心思想的根底。因此，在高考命题中往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或者准确地寻找所需的细节。这类考题可以是比拟直接的，理解字面意义就可以答题；但也可能是比拟间接的，要通过归纳、综合或者推理才能答题。 例1 Tom Brenna was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure –a 120-page diary kept 190 years a go by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,〞James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries. Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It is also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington, D.C. in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear〞during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man, and praised her excellent English. The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor (祖先) to the library Company, which he and his wife considered to be best home for the diary. Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes〞
专题01 细节理解题之直接细节理解 展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息（有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。对此类题型，考生可以根据题干中的关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节、在准确理解细节的前提下确定最佳答案。 两步解题法 第一步：通过题干和选项定位信息源 A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13-12-30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property (失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f19178645.html,.au or call TransLink on 13-12-30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13-16-17. Guardian trains (outbound)
专题 6 阅读理解专题之----细节理解题 细节理解题的考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字、图表等例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。 【设问形式】 1.事实细节题：分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。 常见设问形式有： 1) What can we learn from the passage? 2) All the following are mentioned except 3) Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? 4) Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? 2. 排列顺序题:常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。 常见设问形式有： 1)Wh ich of the following is the correct order of…? 2）Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…? 3. 图文匹配题：设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。 4. 数字计算题：可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。 【考查方式】 阅读理解细节理解题的出题形式主要有：是非判断题，同义近义（反义）转换题，例证题，定义题，年代与数字题，比较题，原因题，条件题，排序题，图表图画题等。 细节理解题需要将题目与原文进行语境上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，需要进行加工或整理后才能得出结论，属于中档难度题。解此类题需要结合上下文的语境和信息进行简单地概括和判断。1.事实细节题：
阅读知道之细节知道题(Ⅰ) A (202X·广东高三六校第三次联考)How cool can libraries be in an era of iPods and Kindles？More than you think.Only if you know where to go. Central Library：Seattle，Washington，United States The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours.It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus.Tours began in 2006，two years after its opening. The library holds various art exhibitions，book signings and other events，while visitors can stop by the Chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime. Trinity College Library：Dublin，Ireland The Trinity College Library in Dublin is in Ireland，founded at the end of the 16th century by Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.It is the largest single library in the world，also known as the Long Room，which contains more than 200，000 of the library's oldest books.The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps(竖琴)in Ireland.Dating to the 15th century，the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland. Geisel Library，University of California：San Diego，United States At first glance，it looks like a spaceship.Architect William Pereira，who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston，Texas，designed the library in 1970.It has been featured in scifi films，short stories and novels.The library hosts“Dinner in the Library”，which invites readers for cocktails，and also special speeches from distinguished authors. TU Delft Library：The Netherlands The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862，000 books，16，000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum.The building itself exists beneath the ground，so you can't really see the actual library.What makes it interesting is the roof，which is a grassy hill.The roof covers 5，500 square metres.And it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area. 1．Which of the four libraries has the longest history? A．Central Library. B．Trinity College Library C．Geisel Library. D．TU Delft Library. 2．What makes Geisel Library different from the others is that ________． A．a spaceship designer founded the library B．it has a roof of grassy hill C．famous writers often deliver speeches there D．it is the largest single library in the world 3．In Central Library，you can ________． A．drink cocktails B．buy souvenirs C．create paintings D．book events 【语篇解读】本文是一篇运用文。文章主要介绍了四个设计特殊的图书馆。 1．解析：细节知道题。根据Central Library：Seattle，Washington，United States部分中的“Tours began in 2006，two years after its opening.”，Trinity College Library：Dublin，Ireland部分中的“The
2014高考英语阅读理解练习（8）及答案（解析）C8[2012·全国卷Ⅱ] You may think that sailing is a d ifficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Let's start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90°angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45°angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap(摆动)．It shouldn't look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. 45. What should you consider first while sailing? A．Sailors' strength. B．Wave levels. C．Wind directions. D．Size of sails. 46．What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The boat. B．The wind. C．The sail. D．The angle. 47．What do you have to do when sailing against the wind? A．Move in a straight line. B．Allow the sail to flap.
江苏2020高考英语阅读理解--细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案） 阅读理解解题指导 阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。 阅读理解----【细节理解题】 细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。它的设题方式主要有以下两种： 1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。如: 真题摘选【1】(2020江苏卷D篇) I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the C ivil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story. 65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s? A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism. B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. C. Twain’s themes se emed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism. 解析：根据文中信息，Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克?吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克?吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。 【实战演练】阅读理解 Part of a research study，by scientists at McMaster university，which is ongoing into the influence of drinking milk after heavy weightlifting，has observed that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.
(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。 (2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。 (3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。 1.直接信息题 【典例】（2020·某某卷A篇节选） 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据50 Honorable Mentions这一段“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。 【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。 第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对 确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。 2.间接信息题 【典例】（2020·某某卷B篇节选） Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids andmissing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,”she says.However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her
1.题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2.解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1.直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
全国高考复习英语阅读理解专题事实细节Passage 5(2012·高考大纲卷) Make Up Your Mind to Succeed Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before.As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them “the overpraised generation.” Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it.Here’s how they work： A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic —you’re a born artist，point guard，or numbers person.The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get difficult，it’s quick to blame，lie，and even stay away from future difficulties. On the other hand，a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much，the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty，it’s quick to rethink，change and try again.In fact，it enjoys this experience. We are all born with growth mind-sets.(Otherwise，we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents，teachers，and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dweck’s book，Mind-set：The New Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure. 1.What does the author think about the present generation? A．They don’t do well at school. B．They are often misunderstood. C．They are eager to win in sports. D．They are given too much praise. 2.A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ________． A．doesn’t want to work hard B．cares a lot about personal safety C．cannot share his ideas with others D．can succeed with the help of teachers 3.What does the growth mind-set believe? A．Admitting failure is shameful. B．Talent comes with one’s birth. C．Scores should be highly valued. D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
专题12 阅读理解：细节理解题 备考高考英语二轮复习 距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！ 养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。 全国名校最新模拟题（共八篇） Passage 1 (2022年北京卷) My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me. One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began. A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and
2021高考英语阅读微技能突破 2020全国卷阅读易错题整理：细节理解（含对点练习） 项目一：基于错题重做：2020真题阅读 （一）细节理解 学生版： 1、（2020全国卷1） 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。 D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 教师版：(正确答案：A ） 一、词汇重点 connection n. 联系 subject n. 主题，实验对象 productive adj. 能生产的；多产的；富有成效的 composition n. 作文，作曲，作品；[材] 构成；合成物；成分 diverse adj. 不同的，多种多样的 sensor n. 传感器 detect vt. 察觉；发现；探测