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时间：
2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训01 语篇理解类:阅读理解之细节理解题
考试大纲
要求考纲解读
要求考生阅读4篇短
文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主.考查主旨大意、
细节理解、推理
判断、词义猜测、
篇章结构等题
型.
主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概
括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要
考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是
否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能
否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、
判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文
章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题
目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概
全。
【构建知识体系】
细节理解题考点1 事实细节题
考点2 细节转换与是非判断题考点3 数字计算题
考点4 细节排序题
规律方法1：如何解决事实细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误.规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题?
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题.
1。语意转换题,需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
2。图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂,找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥,图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。
规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分,准确把握图表信息。
2。仔细分析题干,抓牢关键词。
3。运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
规律方法4:如何解决细节排序题？
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索;如果是议论文,排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看,这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
2020年，全国卷I, A
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services。
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services。
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30am to 5：00pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays， generally a Sunday timetable operates。 On certain major event days，i.e.
Australia Day， Anzac Day， sporting and cultural days， special additional services may operate。
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink。 com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime。
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station
platforms。
For assistance， please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17。
Guardian trains （outbound)
21。 What would you do get ticker information?
A。 Call 13 16 17。B。 Visit translink .com。au。
C。 Ask at the local station。 D. Check the train schedule。
22. At which station can you find the lost property office？
A. Altandi.
B. Roma Street.
C. Varsity Lakes.
D. Fortitude Valley。23。 Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A。 6：42 pm。 B. 7：29 pm. C。 8:57 pm。D。 11：02 pm.
【答案】21。 C 22。 B 23. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
21。细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230.由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
22.细节理解题.根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30am to 5：00pm and is located at Roma Street station。可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5：00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知,在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B.
23.细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7：29的火车.故选B。
1
Walk Through History
It’s no surprise to anyone who’s been to Charleston that it is among the best US cities to visit。“It can feel like you’re in a dream sometimes，like you’ve stepped back 200 years," says Brian Sim ms, the owner of Charleston Sole Walking Tours. These are Simms’s must—sees。
African—American Heritage（遗产)Tour
“People don’t realize how much African culture is here.” says Sim ms。 He
recommends learning about the African-A merican heritage that shaped the city, region and country to fully understand Charleston.
Gullah Tours offers a two-hour bus tour for $ 18.www。gullahtours。com Battery and White Point Gardens
A large public park and garden with walking paths and artifacts （人工制品）-all shaded by beautiful trees。
Free admission. Simms provides two- hour guided tours for ＄10 to ＄20. https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb19044842.html,
Middleton Place
Middleton Placeis a historic plantation(种植园) with vivid exhibits and a working table. It provides an all—around view of what was going on with the history of the families that ran the plantation。
＄ 28 / adult； $ 15 / student 14 and older；＄ 10 / child 6-13； free / under age 6.www。middleton https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb19044842.html,
Fort Summer National Monument
Marking the site where the first shots of the Civil War were fired, this historic place includes several sites around Charleston Harbor and an education center at Gadsden’s Wharf。 The best time of yearto visitis spring-when the azaleas（杜鹃花) are flowering—or fall。
Admission is free； boat ride is ＄ 19.5 / adult， $ 12 / child。www。nps。gov/fosu
1。Where can you book a tour to learn about African A merica culture？
A.On www。https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb19044842.html, / fosu.
B.On https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb19044842.html,。
C。On https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb19044842.html,. D.On www。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb19044842.html,。
2.What can we do at Middleton Place?
A。Visit an education center。
B.Appreciate the beauty of azaleas.
C。Learn about the history of American familes。
D.Learn about the operation of a historic plantations
3.How much should a young couple pay for a boat ride around Charleston Harbor？
A.$20。B。$36.
C。＄39. D.$56。
2
If you’ve ever compared a woman’s button—up shirt to a man’s, you’ve probably noticed that the buttons are on the opposite sides. This would make sense if all women were left—handed and all men were right—handed, but because the majority of all people are right-handed, that’s clearly not the reason。 So what gives？
An age-old theory is that it all has to do with the well-known fact that women can’t dress themselves. I’m kidding。 of course (I dress myself nearly every day！)， but many years ago， it was a lot harder for females to get dressed。 As Live Science puts it: “Depending on the era， men might wear waistcoats and wool jackets。 But women's clothing was far more elaborate， and could consist of a dozen or more garments。 Thus， especially in middle and upper—class society， men
generally dressed themselves， whereas women did not. Instead， maids and servants might spend an hour or more dressing the lady of the house.” So, it's long been thought that women’s buttons were placed on the opposite side to cater to the servants dressing them.
But as Elle recently pointed out, buttons on wom en's shirts weren’t introduced until 1860—hundreds of years after servants were first used in the dressing room。
Or， according to Cosmopolitan UK， maybe babies are the reason。 Women usually hold a child on their left side to free up a dominant hand and a shirt that opens on the right makes breastfeeding easier.
Or, there’s another reasonable but depressing theory.
In Man and Woman： A Study of Secondary and Tertiary Sexual Characters， 1894, Havelock Ellis writes that women's clothes were designed so that the women had to button themselves with the “inferior （下等的）” left hand as an indicator of their social position as not on the same level as men。
Sigh。 We prefer the breastfeeding explanation。
4。From Para. 1 we can learn that ________.
A.the buttons on women's shirts are on the left
B.the buttons on men’s shirts are on the left
C.That all women are left-handed would make sense
D.That the majority of opeple are right-handed makes no sense
5.By adding what Elle pointed out， the author wants to ________。
A。prove that the buttoning way was originally to cater to the servants
B.show that the reason mentioned above is doubtful
C.introduce a new reason to account for the present buttoning way
D。convince the readers that servants were used much later
6。Why did the author find the reason pointed out by Havelock Ellis depressing?
A.It made no sense at all。B。It suggested discrimination against women。C。It seemed painful that women used left hands. D.It forced women to button themselves.
7。Which explanation for women’s butt oning shirts does author favor？
A。Women cannot dress themselves.
B。It makes breastfeeding babies easier.
C。It caters to the servants dressing them.
D。It indicates women’s social position isn't on the same level as men.
3
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan (大都市的) Museum of Art (the Met） is located in New York City and is the largest art museum in the United States, and is among the most visited art museums in the world. Today, art comes alive in the Museum’s galleries and through its exhibitions and events, revealing both new ideas and unexpected connections across time and cultures。
Open Seven Days a Week
Sunday — Thursday： 10 am — 5:30 pm
Friday and Saturday： 10 am - 9 pm
Closed Thanksgiving Day， December 25, January 1, and the first day in May. Suggested Admission
If you buy tickets at a museum ticket counter， the amount you pay is up to you.
Adults ＄ 25
Seniors （65 and over) ＄ 17
Students $ 12
Members （Join Today!) Free
Children (under 12； accompanied by an adult） Free
Exhibitions are free with Museum admission。
Avoid waiting in admission lines！ By buying tickets online you agree to pay our suggested prices。
Groups： Advance reservations are required for all adult and student groups of 10 or more, and for any third-party guided tours， regardless of size.
8。Which day is suitable for you to visit the Museum？
A.January 1.
B.May 1。
C.November 4。
D.December 25.
9。How much are you supposed to pay as a new member?
A.25 dollars.
B.17 dollars.
C.12 dollars。D。0 dollars.
10。W hat is the requirement for student groups’ visit?
A。Reserve the tickets in advance.
B.The group consists of no more than 10 students.
C.At least 10 student groups can visit it in advance.
D.The student must be guided by their teacher。
4
You need some bread and milk。 But half an hour later， you leave the supermarket with a trolley （手推车) full of food。 What games do supermarkets play to make us spend so much money?
The tricks start just when you go into the supermarkets and， of course, a small basket would be fine， but all they have are trolleys。 And of course the problem with a trolley is that it looks sad and lonely with just one or two products inside. So we may fill it with something。 In fact， supermarket trolleys are actually getting bigger so that we buy more。
Of course, many people shop in supermarkets because they think everything is cheaper than in other shops. So supermarkets offer very cheap prices on some things but then have higher prices for other products. One new trick is to put red stickers (标签） on products. Customers usually connect red stickers with lower prices so the red stickers are easy to be noticed， even when there is no reduction！Interestingly, this trick appears to work more with men than with women。
There is a story behind the position of everything in the supermarket. For example， customers often go only to buy milk. So they put it right at the back, forcing you to go past hundreds of shelves full of other products. The position of products on each shelf is also important. The most expensive products are usually at eye—level so you see these immediately. The exception is anything that children might like。 These products are on lower shelves so that kids see them。
Apart from what you see and smell in a supermarket, what about what you listen to？ In most supermarkets they have soft， slow music。 It's so relaxing that you slow down and spend more time （and money) in the store。 You also move more slowly when the supermarket is busy。Experts suggest it’s better to shop when it’s quieter， on a Monday or a Tuesday for example。 And be careful with queues at the checkouts. These are sometimes deliberate, to make you buy something from the checkout shelves while you wait.
So, next time you go into your local supermarket， remember these tricks and see if you can come with just the things you went for。
11.Supermarkets provide trolleys instead of small baskets because ________.
A.trolleys can help customers move quickly and save time
B。baskets can hold only one or two products inside
C。it is inconvenient for customers to use baskets
D.trolleys are bigger so that customers can buy more
12.What’s the main purpose of putting red stickers on some products?
A.To attract customers and mislead them into thinking those goods are cheaper。
B.To tell the men customers those goods are especially made for them。
C.To remind customers those products are bargain goods.
D.To make them look fresher and more beautiful。
13.Where are the most expensive products usually put in the supermarkets？
A.Right at the back of the supermarkets。
B.At the entrance to the supermarkets。
C.On lower shelves where kids can get them easily。
D。On eye-level shelves where customers can see them immediately。
14.We can learn from Para. 5 that supermarkets usually ________。
A。stop people lining up at the checkouts
B。make customers spend more money by playing relaxing music
C。have no customers on Mondays and Tuesdays
D.force customers to buy something from the checkout shelves
5
Want a wonderful travel in London? Don't miss the following!
The Guards Museum
The Guards Museum was created as an educational tool for the newest intake of the Guards and includes exhibits of uniform for the five Roval regiments （团) dating from the Civil War, with details of the nature and origin of their ceremonial duties right up to their contemporary role. To anyone interested in these world—famous soldiers this London tourist attraction is a must-see.
Telephone： 020 7414 3428
Toy theatre
Toy theatre (or paper theatre） was most popular in the 1800s, and consists of paper theatres, some with an extraordinary level of detail， allowing children to stage their own productions at home, usually with cut—out sheets of figures for the scenery, props （道具) and various characters in the play。
Telephone: 020 7967 1066
Charles Dickens Museum
The Charles Dickens Museum， an author's house museum at Doughty Street, is a celebration of one of the greatest novelists in British history. The museum exhibits over 100， 000 items from personal items to artworks (艺术品） from some of his books. It is said that Dickens wrote 3 of his most famous stories while living here, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby and The Pickwick Papers。 The building is the writer’s only surviving London house and we can get to know what life in the household would have been like.
Telephone: 020 7405 2127
Foundling Museum
The Foundling Museum was originally one of the first houses in London for abandoned children and housed over 27， 000 children before its closure (关闭）. Since then this London attraction has transformed （转化） itself into one special London museum with a large collection of artworks and social history relating to the children taken in and the terrible social problems that led to children being abandoned by their parents.
Telephone： 020 7841 3600
15.Which will you call if you prefer some history of the army?
A。020 7414 3428 B.020 7967 1066
C.020 7405 2127
D.020 7841 3600
16。What can we learn from the Charles Dickens Museum?
A。The house remains famous as before.
B。It is Charles Dickens’ only surviving house.
C.Visitors can have a taste of Dickens’ life there。
D.Charles Dickens wrote most of his novels there.
17。Which used to be a welfare（福利) institute？
A。The Guards Museum B。Toy theatre
C.Charles Dickens Museum
D.Foundling Museum
6
Finding a suitable name for a baby is a big deal in China.When picking out a Chinese name,parents usually select two or three characters that have a carefully thought out meaning, but when deciding on an English name， many of them struggle。That's where Jessup and her company， Special Name,come in. In the last few years，Jessup has helped name 677，900 Chinese babies, and earned over ＄400，000 in the process， more than enough to pay her college fees。
Jessup came up with the idea for Special Name in 2015，after accompanying her father on a business trip to China.One of her dad's business partners，a Mrs。Wang， asked her to help choose an English name for her daughter.Jessup felt honored and quickly realized the importance of choosing a proper name in Chinese culture.The woman wanted people to be surprised by the things her daughter could achieve,so Jessup suggested the name”Eliza"after the character Eliza Doolittle from the play Pygmalion.Mrs。Wang seemed delighted with Jessup’s choice.”If Mrs。Wang needed this service,maybe other parents would as well，"Jessup thought。
After returning to UK，Jessup borrowed ￡1,500 from her parents and paid a web
designer to build a website,She then spent her free time filling up a database （数据库）with around 4，000 English names，associating them with five major personality characteristics,like honesty and optimism。
In the beginning， Jessup offered the service for free to promote the website,but later,she started charging fees.The business is almost completely self-sufficient,requiring only a small team in China that manages technical operations。She updates the database each month，allowing her to focus full-time on studies。
18.What’s the purpose of Special Name?
A.To help Chinese teens go abroad。
B。To strengthen children’s personalities.
C.To pick an English name for a Chinese baby.
D.To make a deal with Chinese parents.
19。What inspired Jessup to set up Special Name？
A.A suggestion from a business partner。B。Her interest in Chinese culture。
C.A Chinese mother’s request.
D.A character from a play。
20.What did Mrs。Wang want her daughter to be in the future？
A.A woman with achievements.
B.A famous actress。
C.A successful businesswoman. D。A western culture expert.
21.What can we infer from the last paragraph about Special Name？
A。It offers free service. B。It's updated every day.
C。It’s oper ated completely by itself. D。It is easy to manage.
1
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。讲述的是一些步行旅行了解历史的活动。
1。细节理解题。通过审题得知题目的关键词信息是African America culture，在哪个网站可以了解这个文化之旅。浏览文章信息得知西姆斯推荐了解那些塑造城市的非洲裔美国籍遗产……以便充分了解查尔斯顿。这段文字底下有一个网站，这就是我们要的答案。故选B。
2.细节理解题。通过审题得知题干中的关键词是Middleton Place,在这个地方我们可以做什么。定位于第三个小标题处.浏览信息得知文章中讲的是这个地方带有生动有趣的展览和工作实践的地方，它是一个有着悠久历史的种植园。它提供全方位的视角了解历史上的家庭是如何种植这些种植园的。据此可以推出答案为D选项Learn about the operation of a historic plantations了解历史种植园的运作方式。故选D.
3。细节理解题。这是一道细节理解题类型中计算题。根据题干中的Charleston Harbor 这一关键词定位于最后一段浏览相关信息即可。查读到boat ride is ＄ 19。5 / adult 坐船成人票每人19.5美元。那么一对夫妇,也就是两个人应该是39美元。故选C.
2
【答案】4。A 5.B 6.B 7。B
【解析】这是一篇议论文.文章先是提出如果有人比较过女人和男人的系扣衬衫,你可能会注意到扣子是在相反的两边。文章就为什么女性的衬衫扣子是在左边提出了几个相关理论解释。
4。细节理解题。根据第一段中If you’ve ever compared a woman’s button—up shirt to a man’s, you’ve probably noticed that the buttons are on the opposite sides。This would make sense if all women were left—handed and all men were right-handed, but because the majority of all people are right-handed, that’s clearly not the reason。可知如果你曾经比较过女人和男人的系扣衬衫,你可能会注意到扣子是在相反的两边。如果所有女性都是左撇子，所有男性都是右撇子，这就说得通了，但因为大多数人都是右撇子,这显然不是原因。以及倒数第二段In Man and Woman: A Study of Secondary and Tertiary Sexual Characters, 1894，Havelock Ellis writes that women’s clothes were designed so that the women had to button themselves with the “inferior (下等的）” left hand as an indicator of their social position as not on the same level as men.可知在1894年出版的《男人和女人：对第二性和第三性角色的研究》一书中，Havelock Ellis 写道，女性的衣服被设计成必须用“下等”的左手来扣纽扣,以此表明她们的社会地位与男性不一样。由此可知,女衬衫的纽扣在左边。故选A.
5。推理判断题。根据第二段中So, it’s long been thought that women’s buttons were placed on the opposite side to cater to the servants dressing them。可知因此，长久以来,人们认为女性的纽扣是相对的,是为了迎合仆人的着装.以及第三段But as Elle recently pointed out，buttons on women’s shirts weren’t introduced until 1860-hundreds of years after servants were first used in the dressing room.可知但正如《Elle》杂志最近指出的，女性衬衫上的纽扣直到1860年才被引入，那是在佣人首次出现在更衣室之后的几百年.由此可推知，通过加入《Elle》指出的内容，作者是想表明上述原因是值得怀疑的。故选B。
6。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段In Man and Woman： A Study of Secondary and Tertiary
Sexual Characters， 1894, Have lock Ellis writes that women’s clothes were designed so that the women had to button themselves with the “inferior (下等的)” left hand as an indicator of their social position as not on the same level as men。可知在1894年出版的《男人和女人:对第二性和第三性角色的研究》一书中，Havelock Ellis 写道,女性的衣服被设计成必须用“下等”的左手来扣纽扣，以此表明她们的社会地位与男性不一样。由此可推知，作者发现Havelock Ellis指出的原因令人沮丧，是因为它暗示歧视妇女。故选B。
7.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段Or， according to Cosmopolitan UK, maybe babies are the reason. Women usually hold a child on their left side to free up a dominant hand and a shirt that opens on the right makes breastfeeding easier.可知或者，根据《Cosmopolitan UK》杂志的说法,婴儿可能是原因。女性通常用左手抱着孩子，腾出惯用手，而右边敞开的衬衫会让母乳喂养更容易。以及最后一段中We prefer the breastfeeding explanation。可知我们更喜欢母乳喂养的解释。由此可推知，作者对女性系扣衬衫扣子位置的解释是，这么做使母乳喂养婴儿更容易。故选B。
3
【答案】8.C 9.D 10。A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。说明大都市艺术博物馆的一些活动安排的开放时间、地点、价格、以及活动参与的方式等问题。
8。细节理解题。题干审题得知题干关键词信息为适合参观的日期.这题浏览信息后发现只能用排除法做题。既然是适合，那么逆向思维就是不适合的是哪几天。根据浏览得到的信息可知在Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25， January 1, and the first day in May.这几天是关门歇业的。感恩节、十二月二十五日、一月一日、五月一日，通过这些信
【高三精练】 2021届高三英语小题精练专项测试卷 13 阅读理解之细节理解题 (1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。 (2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需 的细节。 (3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推 理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。 1.直接信息题 【典例】（2020·山东卷A 篇节选） 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T -shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T -shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据50 Honorable Mentions 这一段“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T -shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T 恤，故选C 。 【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词 细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。 第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对 确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。 2.间接信息题 【典例】（2020·山东卷B 篇节选） Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first -generation graduate and an inspiration to her family —and that’s pretty powerful. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“ Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ”，可知，主人公为了学业，不能陪伴孩子，故选B 。 【点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。 3.数字计算题 【典例】（2020·山东卷A 篇节选） 3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round -trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes 中第一句 “Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. ”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A 。 【点拨】数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到有关的数字信息，再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。 此卷只装 订 不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
阅读理解之细节理解题解题技法 此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。 一、题型特点 (一)细节理解题常见设问方式 1．特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。 2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。 3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。 4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________. (二)细节理解题正确选项特征 (三)细节理解题干扰选项特征 考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程如下：
第一步：依据题干信息，择定位关键词 细节理解直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查,且题目相对简单,所以,不必通篇细读全文,可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词,即问题的核心信息 第二步：依据关键词,回原文定位信息进行比对 确定了定位关键词后,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题于有关的关键词,回到原文进行信息定位,然后将选项内容与原文信息比对,得出正确答案。 例子1 … I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)． … 33．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A．Saving up for her holiday. B．Raising money for a poor girl. C．Adding the money to her fund. D．Giving the money to a sick mother. [解题示范] 第一步：定信息区间 第二步：比对定答案
阅读理解——细节理解题题题 真题在线 1.应用①全国卷 （2020·全国II卷，A） The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture&Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs. Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10:30-17:00(16:00 in Oct). House: 11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct). Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10:30-17:00 Summer. 10:30-16:00 Winter. Town: Kendal Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
考点16 阅读理解细节题（核心考点精讲精练） 近3年真题考点分布 【思维导图】
【知识梳理】 命题规律： 细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。 命题方式： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。 2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。 题型和考查角度： 1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。 2.中频考点：数字计算题； 3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。 选项特征： ➢考点一：直接信息题 题干定位直接破解直接信息题。细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。
题干定位法⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。运用略读及查读技巧迅速找到文中与问题 相关的信息。 仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定 正确选项。 【典例】(2023上海宝山二模) Advances in digital health, however, also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks. 39．According to this article, what is one concern about digital health? A ．Worries about the side effects caused by modern drugs. B ．Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry. C ．Government regulations limiting the use of digital devices. D ．The danger that personal health data could be stolen. 【答案】 39．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了什么是数字健康以及它的优缺点。 39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Advances in digital health, however, also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. (然而，数字健康的进步也带来了隐私问题。例如，关于你健康的信息可以用于广告或营销。如果健康记录可以在线访问，保护您的信息不被窃取和未经授权的使用可能会很困难)”可知，根据本文关于数字健康的一个担忧是个人健康数据可能被窃取的危险。故选D 项。 【典例】(2023上海嘉定二模) Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it. The water used to irrigate (灌溉) the grass is low quality, mainly treated seawater. Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用). Inside the nearly-closed stadiums, there’s very little air movement. Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.
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2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训01 语篇理解类:阅读理解之细节理解题 考试大纲 要求考纲解读 要求考生阅读4篇短 文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主.考查主旨大意、 细节理解、推理 判断、词义猜测、 篇章结构等题 型. 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概 括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要 考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是 否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能 否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、 判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文 章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题 目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概 全。 【构建知识体系】 细节理解题考点1 事实细节题 考点2 细节转换与是非判断题考点3 数字计算题 考点4 细节排序题 规律方法1：如何解决事实细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误.规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题? 细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题. 1。语意转换题,需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2。图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂,找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥,图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。 规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？ 先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分,准确把握图表信息。 2。仔细分析题干,抓牢关键词。 3。运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。 规律方法4:如何解决细节排序题？ 做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索;如果是议论文,排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看,这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——细节理解 题 Welcome To Activities For This Summer Black Creativity Family Day Art meets science during the Museum of Science and Industry's annual "Black Creativity"programming. celebrating its 50th anniversary. The art exhibition, billed as the longest running showcase of African-American art in the nation, displays more than 100 works, some of them by student artists. Meanwhile, Innovation Studio workshops encourage visitors of all ages to design solutions to everyday challenges. Free general admission to Illinois students July 20-23. How People Make Things Think of it as one great factory tour, with a big DIY station to put what you've learned to work: That's the idea behind the new kid-oriented exhibit, "How People Make Things.” Find out how humans and machines work together to make everyday objects, from boxes to shoes to toys. Then kids can use tools to cut, shape and put together what they like. This activity comes to Naperville for a long visit, opening Jan. 20 and running through Sep t. 6 at DuPage Children’s Museum. $13. Traditional Chinese Concert Traditional Chinese music and theater take the spotlight at Symphony Center. Featured performers are the Shanghai Chinese Orchestra and the Zhejiang Shaoju Opera Theatre, taking the stage at 3 pm (Arrive early for preconcert activities, l:30-2:30.) At Symphony Center, 220 S. Michigan Ave. $20-$80, or $99 for a family of four. Meet Cartoonist Art Baltazar Winner of dozens of Eisner Awards (the Pultizers of comic books), cartoonist and Chicago native Art Baltazar has a brand-new graphic novel to delight your middle schoolers. The clever "Drew & Jot: Dueling Doodles" tells the adventure of two
阅读理解：细节理解〔二〕 A Taking a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind? A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the U．S. interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly twothirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work. So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it. Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity. “People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine，〞 explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring ‘Aha！’ moment to us.〞Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of YourCreativeBrain, “A showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas.〞 Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily life. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity. “New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking，〞explained Kaufman. “Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view.〞 Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration. For instance, Gertrude Stein, a female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her. So try to create
考点3--细节理解之细节排序题--讲考点--胸有成竹 【高考细节排序题考点归纳】 【2023年高考命题预测】 细节理解之细节排序题考点是高考中的轮考点，有时考有时不考。备考要全面，高考考不考取决于命题者是不是找到具备这种题的材料，所以，对于备考者我们要做到全面备考，不要等考了在捕风捉影，往往就是这样。极力模仿上一年的高考题，在新高考变革的时代，这种方法不行。我们一轮复习在有重点的同时，一定做到全面备考。细节排序题考点主要在记叙文或说明文中考。预测在2023高考中，细节排序题会高考中有可能考。 【细节理解之细节排序题考点指南】 考例分析： 【2014 四川卷C】（记叙文） A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy, nine,restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzy’s mother, Debbie,immediately c alled 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father ,so decided to use CPR. However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough ,so she stamped on her father’s chest instead. 2.What’s the right order of the events? ①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999 ③Izzy learned CPR
考点1--细节理解之直接信息--讲考点--胸有成竹 【2022年直接信息考点归纳】 【2023年高考命题预测】 细节理解之直接信息考点是高考中的必考点。直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2023高考中，直接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。 【细节理解之直接信息考点指南】 命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。 考例分析： B【2022·新高考I卷】 Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? V olunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 【题干定位】关键词a consequence of food waste 【文章定位】（第三段）Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. 【相同关键词】food waste 【答案定位】food waste is an environmental problem 【正确选项】B. Environmental harm 6. What does Curtin’s company do?
阅读理解专题卷54 Last year more than 13 Korean TV series were introduced in China. Turn on the TV, and Korean beauties are appearing during peak viewing times(黄金时段). Some of the dramas are being repeated, but audiences continue to watch them. Why are the South Korean TV series loved by so many Chinese people? Cheng Yiting, a student from East China Normal University, gives us her reasons. She thinks that the good-looking actors with cool clothes and the beautiful sight in the dramas are the selling points for South Korean TV dramas. But what attracted the young audiences most is the pure and moving love stories. And it seems that South Korean TV series has also won the hearts of middle-aged people. They are touched by the morals(道德)in the shows. These include the importance of respecting elders and social order. Though some people think South Korean TV series are too slow and too long, most of the Chinese audiences like them. Maybe we are really tired of Western TV series. Compared with that, South Korean TV series are not bad. 1．What does the underlined word "repeated" in the third line mean? A．大长今B．流行 C．重播D．垃圾时段 2．Which of the following is not mentioned（提及）about South Korean TV series in the passage? A．Love. B．Morals. C．Social order. D．The youth self-respect. 3．What is the main reason why South Korean TV series are popular? A．The series are slow and long. B．The actors wear cool clothes. C．The stories with morals in them are pure and moving. D．The actors are cool. 4．What do you know about South Korean TV series from the passage? A．Thirteen more South Korean TV series will be introduced to China. B．Young audiences like South Korean TV series better than middle aged people. C．All the South Korean TV series will be repeated this year. D．Some Chinese think part of South Korean TV series are worth watching twice. Reading is the key to success in all school subjects. With a bit of creativity, you can help your child enjoy reading more, and encourage him to do more! Buy or borrow a lot of “fun” books. Choose books that are slightly below his level of reading ability. Don’t forget what your child likes to do when choosing books for him. Don’t comment about the books. Simply leave the books lying on the table where your child is sure to see them. Computer games are not as harmful as most parents usually think them to be. Instead, you should take advantage of your child’s love of computer games to purchase those that require a lot of reading and avoid those that are simply computerized video games. Buy your child a bedside reading lamp, or a tiny book light. Tell him that from now on, he must be in bed by a specific time (say 8:30) and that he can either sleep or read. Most kids will do anything else ra ther than go to sleep, so there’s a chance you’ll create a new bedtime reading habit. Many children will read when they are sitting alone having a snack, or when they have a few minutes of unplanned free time. Put a box of books and magazines near the kitchen table so that reading material is available. Often, once children learn to read independently, parents stop reading to them. This change of routine causes great sadness to a child who has come to love falling asleep as you read. Even a teenager will enjoy being read to if you pick books that interest him. Select books together, and make sure they’re ones you enjoy as well, so your enjoyment will come through as you read to them. 5． To make children become interested in reading, parents should _______. A. choose books based on their interest B. tell them what they can learn from these books C. choose the easiest books for them to read D. always read books together with them 6． Which of the following is NOT what parents are advised to do? A. Pick the right computer games. B. Reduce children’s sleeping time. C. Have reading material available. D. Read to children when possible. 7． What attitude do most parents hold towards children playing computer games? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Neutral (中立的). 8． The main idea of the passage is to ________. A. help children succeed in school subjects B. give parents advice on how to educate children C. remind parents of the importance of reading D. teach parents how to encourage children to read When you get in your car, you reach for it. When you're at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it. When you get into a lift, you play with it. Cigarette? Cup of coffee? No, it's the third most addictive thing in modem life, the cell phone. And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curb their longing to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships. The costs are becoming more and more evident, and I don't mean just the monthly bill. Dr.Chris Knippers, a counselor at the Betty ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on -one personal contact, and an escape from reality. Sounds extreme, but we' ve all witnessed the evidence: The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him. Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell - phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation. He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with. Despite the growing use of phones, e - mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don't have as many friends as our parents. “Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances via the Internet and cel l phones