高中英语必修一Unit 4
语法知识定语从句精讲
【课本例句】
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.
2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.
5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.
8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history.
【发现总结】
1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。
2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
4.第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。
【语法精讲】
who (whom)，which，that，whose引导的定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的基本用法
1.who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Theman who is talking with my father isa teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。
Thegirl (who) I met yesterday is hissister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2.whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
Theboy (whom) the teacher often praisesis their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
Theboy(who/whom/that) wesaw yesterday is John's brother.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
He isa man from whom we are all ready tolearn.
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
【即学即练1】关系代词填空
(1)Doyou know the man who is talking with your mother?
(2)Thosewho want to see the film set down your names, please.
(3)Thisis the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.
3.which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。
Theyoung man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4.whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
Thisis the scientist whose name is knownall over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobodywants the house whose roof hasfallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Thewoman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
Thereport (that) Mr.Turner handed inwas about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
【即学即练2】关系代词填空
(1)Look,here are some people who/whom/thatI want you to meet.
(2)Doyou still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three monthsago?
(3)Anystudent whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from thegovernment.
二、用that不用which的情况。
1.当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anythinglittle，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
Thisis the most delicious food that Ihave ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3.当先行词被theonly，the very，the last修饰时。
Chattingwas the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4.当先行词既指人，又指物时。
Shetook photographs of the things andpeople that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the person that is standing at thegate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
【即学即练3】完成句子
(1)这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
Thisis the most beautiful park that_I_have_visited.
(2)我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
Weoften talk about the persons and things that_we_remember.
(3)我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
Ihave found the very pen that_I_lost_yesterday.
三、用which不用that的情况
1.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
Thisis the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tomcame back, which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Letme show you the novel that Iborrowed from the library which wasnewly open.
我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
【即学即练4】用关系代词填空
(1)Thehouse in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
(2)Haveyou ever read the book, which was written by a young girl?
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of ＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Thisis one of the books which werewritten by Charles Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He isthe only one of the boys in our classwho has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
Hesaid he was a Frenchman, which wasnot true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
Thisis the factory which we visited lastSunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3.关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
【即学即练5】单句语法填空
(1)Allthings can be done_has (have) been done.
(2)Thestudent you should learn from is the one who works hard and studieshard.
(3)Heis one of the students who know Spanish.
定语从句(I)关系代词的用法 定义—复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 基本用法： 1. who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 2. whom指人，在从句中作宾语 3. whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语 4. which 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 5. that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 一、定语从句的定义与关系词的分类 1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom,whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等)两类。 主句关系 主语代词 Beijing, which is the capital of China is a very beautiful city. 先行词定语从句主句中的表语 中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 Danny was the man(who) we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用who 代替 The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 3. whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语 I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake. 我想帮助那些父母在地震中丧生的孩子们。 除了用whose 表所属关系以外,在whom 和which 之前加of 也可以表示所属关系(即of whom, of which)。这时名词需要特指,应加定冠词,放在of whom, of which 之前或之后均可。 I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake. =I want to help the children of whom the parents died in the earthquake. =I want to help the children the parents of whom died in the earthquake. 4. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略 The pen(which) you found yesterday is mine. 昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。 5. that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略The number of people that come to visit the city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that 指人，作主语) The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that 指物，作主语)
定语从句（1） 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人中唱得最好的。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。 定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。 语法点拨【定语从句一P1】， 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？ The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语） 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 （who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语） His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。
高中英语必修一Unit 4 语法知识定语从句精讲 【课本例句】 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls. 2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead. 5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. 7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine. 8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history. 【发现总结】 1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。 2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。 3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。 关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。 4.第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。 【语法精讲】 who (whom)，which，that，whose引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。 从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。 一、关系代词的基本用法 1.who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 Theman who is talking with my father isa teacher. 正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。 Thegirl (who) I met yesterday is hissister. 我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。 2.whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。 Theboy (whom) the teacher often praisesis their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。 Theboy(who/whom/that) wesaw yesterday is John's brother. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 (2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。 He isa man from whom we are all ready tolearn. 他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。 【即学即练1】关系代词填空
Grammar The Attributive Clause Ⅰ Proverbs He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。 All is well that ends well.结局好, 一切都好。 Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost. 真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时方知其可贵。 定语从句 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关联词有： 关系代词：who, whom,whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where 定语从句的位置: 定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。 e.g. This is the car which he bought last year. 先行词定语从句 Do you know the man? Do you know the man who spoke just now ? It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. I showed him the letter. I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning. that which who whom whose That 即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。 Which 指物, 作主语或宾语。 who, whom 指人, who 作主语, whom 作宾语。 that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时, 可省去。 Whom 指人, 在从句中作宾语，可省略。 e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel ? The girl is from America. I called her just now. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America . 1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语) 2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious.(宾语) 3) Let ’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.(主语) 4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim ’s sister.(宾语) 2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。 1)They planted the trees which didn ’t need much water. (主语) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语) 3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who 也可作宾语)。
GRAMMAR 定语从句（一） 定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）和关系副词(where, when, why等)。关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起着三个作用：①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中作句子成分。本单元我们先来学习关系代词引导的定语从句。 【语境展示】观察下面句子，并试着归纳关系代词引导的定语从句的用法。 1. The people who / that called yesterday want to buy the house. 2. The man (whom / who / that ) I have to phone lives in Canada. 3. She was not in the train which / that arrived just now. 4. This is the book (which / that) you wanted. 5. The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class. 6. It’s the house whose door is painted red. 【自我归纳】 ①关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句1、句2）。 ②关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语, 在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换（句2）。 ③关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句3、句4）。 ④关系代词that既可以指人也可以指________，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句1—句4）。 ⑤关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作________（句5、句6）。 注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在口语中可省略（句2、句4）。 【即学即练】 I. 将下面两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句。 1. My brother works for a magazine. The magazine is very popular in America. ________________________________________ 2. The boy is very lucky. He has a lot of friends. ________________________________________ 3. Linda is a girl. Her friends depend on her. ________________________________________ 4. I took piano lessons from a woman. She is my mother’s friend. ________________________________________ 5. That’s the house. I grew up in it with my sister Emilia. ________________________________________ 6. Rome is a city. It attracts a lot of tourists. ________________________________________ II. 用适当的关系词填空。 1. Are you the lady ________ asked for soap? 2. Many people have friends ________ social backgrounds are different from theirs. 3. She had shown pictures of a plant ________ had recently been discovered. 4. There was an old man in the village ________ none of us liked. 5. The girl ________ photo I took at the party was pleased with it. 6. Yesterday I ran into an old friend ________ I hadn’t seen for years. 7. In 1519 a traveler ________ went to America from Europe discovered the tomato.
定语从句 人教版必修 1 第四单元（Discovering useful structures） 一．学生分析 高一学生通过初中三年和高一前三个单元的学习，已经对英语有了一定的感性认识，并积 累了一定的语言知识，他们对语法知识的系统学习有比较强烈的要求，但对教师无味的讲解不 感兴趣，他们喜欢探究型、合作型的学习。本课时前，学生已经接触过定语从句，部分学生已 能辨认定语从句，但缺乏对其结构、关系词的选用的系统学习。目前，学生已具有一定的自主 学习能力和课堂上用英语与同学进行简单交流的能力，能积极参与课堂活动。b5E2RGbCAP 二．教材分析 本节课是人教版必修 1 第四单元语法课，教学内容是定语从句和关系代词 who, whom, which, that, whose 的用法。 课前， 学生已经学习了含有该语法项目的阅读文章 “A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”,了解了一些“地震”的相关知识，可在课上真实交际中加以利用。定语从句是高 中语法教学的重点和难点，本节课是该语法项目教学的第一节课，激发学生的学习兴趣，加强 对学生学习策略的指导，为进一步学习定语从句打好基础是非常重要的。p1EanqFDPw 三．教学目标 语言知识：了解定语从句的结构，掌握关系代词的用法。 语言技能：通过对定语从句的学习和归纳，能够在听、说、读、写的语言综合实践活动中 熟练运用定 语从句，这是本课时的核心目标。 学习策略：通过探究、发现、合作、归纳等教学活动，学会总结所接触语言材料中的语言 规律并加以运用。 情感态度：通过课堂教学活动，学会如何与人沟通，培养合作精神。 四．教学策略 教学方法：以学生为主体的发现学习和合作学习。 高中生喜欢在讨论、交流中展示自己的观点。合作学习为各个层次的学生创造用英语进行 真实交际的机会。发现学习能帮助学生形成有效的学习策略，学会总结所接触语言材料中的语 言规律并加以运用。DXDiTa9E3d 教学手段：一些实物、图片和电脑课件。 实物、图片和课件的使用，增强了课堂教学的直观性和生动性。课件使教学内容丰富，信 息量充足，更容易抓住学生的注意力。RTCrpUDGiT 五．教学过程 Steps Step I Teacher’s and students’ activities Lead in: Play a guessing game.(Using some pictures) 1. It is a machine that can fly. What is it? It is a plane. 2. He is a famous athlete who won the first place in the 100-meter hurdle in the Athens Olympic Games. He is Liu Xiang. Purpose Draw the students’ attention and make them interested in this topic and think about it. In the game the teacher should
语法训练-unt4关系代词引导的定语从句 一、用正确的关系代词完成单句语法填空。 1.The trees stand by the river were planted by us. 2.She never gives in to those have money. 3.This is the best film has been shown so far in the city. 4.February is the only month has fewer than 30 days. 5.My son made notes of everything he read. 6.Yesterday I met the teacher once taught us maths. 7.Will you show me the girl name is Wei Fang? 8.The tall girl is standing t here is a friend of my elder sister's. 9.On the bus I saw a student I believed was your brother. 10.Joseph is talking with the person is standing by the taxi as if they were the closest friends in the world. 11.Do you like the present I bought you yesterday? 12.The storybook was written by his uncle is quite interesting. 13.The boy computer doesn't work well needs your help. 14.This is the best movie we have seen this year. 15.The doctor we met in the street is from America. 16.The passengers and the suitcases were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane. 17.Who is the girl you want to make friends with? 18.This is the last lesson Mr. Smith taught us. 19.I, am your friend, will help you out. 20.The building wall is white is my uncle's house. 21.The boy John spoke with is my brother. 22.Will you please lend me the very picture you bought yesterday? 23.The students the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor. 24.The season comes after spring is summer. 25.This is the first museum we visited last Saturday. 26.The girl leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital.
高一英语必修一unit4知识点 （经典版） 编制人：__________________ 审核人：__________________ 审批人：__________________ 编制单位：__________________ 编制时间：____年____月____日 序言 下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢! 并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注! Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!
Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 限制性定语从句(1) that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 【归纳填空】 限制性定语从句的功能: 修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词(先行词) 一、定义 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1. 限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。 *(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. 这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。 *Everything comes to him who waits. 功夫不负有心人。 2. 非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。 *(2020·浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
Unit4 单元语法详解 【语法感知】 1. This is a book that interests a large number of people. 这是一本使许多人感兴趣的书。 2. The fish which I bought this morning were not fresh. 我今天早上买的鱼不新鲜。 3. The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天来我们班的那位专家是加拿大人。 【语法精讲】 定语从句（一） 一、定语从句的概念、位置及构成 1.概念：定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系词常有3个作用: ①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。 ②指代先行词。 ③在定语从句中担当成分。 2.位置：通常放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。 3.构成：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.关系代词who, whom, that 这些关系代词的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或者宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2.关系代词whose 用来指人或物（用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3.关系代词which，that 这些关系代词所代替的先行词是事、物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 注意 1.关系代词只用which，不用that的情况 （1）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is famous here. （对）The tree, which is four hundred years old, is famous here. （2）介词后只用which，不用that。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 2.关系代词只用that，不用which的情况 （1）当不定代词（anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等）作先行词时，只用that，
姓名，年级： 时间：
定语从句 知识导图 引入 Mary is a girl who is happy。 概念 定语从句：在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词. 注意： 关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、状等） 关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为： 关系代词：在从句中做主、宾、表、定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why) 关系代词和关系副词用法 注：高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词,考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词. 常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point， position， situation，stage，state，case， scene 等。 He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets， he would have already died of terror. 他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 定语从句的分类 1)限制性定语从句:从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之 间不用逗号。 Mary is a girl who has long hair 先行词关系词定语从句 关系代词关系副词 2)非限制性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思 的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
新人教高一英语必修一U4 Natural Disasters 语法 定语从句 一．定义： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的，起限定作用的成分。定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词（现在分词或过去分词）、不定式（短语）、介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。充当定语功能的句子就是定语从句。 二、定语从句三要素 1. 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词/整个主句 2. 关系代词：连接先行词与定语从句（that, which, who, whom,whose） 3. 关系副词：连接先行词与定语从句（where, when, why） 注意：关系代词/副词的选择→看定从是否完整 句子完整→用关系副词 缺少成分→用关系代词 定从=先行词+关系词+从句 例：I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red. （定语从句） 例句中被修饰的词是the girl, 这个词就称为先行词。 其中连接两个句子的是who，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当主语。 ☆总结：关系词有三个作用： （1）连接定语从句; （2）、指代先行词；（3）、在从句中充当成分 关系词的用法如下表：
三、关系代词的用法：定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词。在从句中作宾语时，关系代词常可以省略。 1.that的用法 that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但that不用于引导非限制性定语从句。 例：The letter that I received was from my father. The girl that has long hair is my sister. The city is no longer the one that it used to be. 注意：用that不用which的情况
高一英语必修一Unit4定语从句讲解[页2] 高一英语必修一Unit 4定语从句讲解[页 2] most. 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时，先行词只能用that。 3. who is the girl ____drove the car? 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 4. he’s the only boy in our city ____ enters the beijinguniversity 当先行词被the very, the only, the next, thelast等所修饰时，关系词只能用that。 5. the third place _____we are going to visit ishangzhou. 6. is that the best ____you can do? 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that 7. all ___ is needed is money andhands. 8. we heard clearly ever word _____ he said 当先行词是指物的all, one, a lot, (a) little, few,much none, anything, something, everything,nothing等词时或先行词被all, any, no, much,little, few, every等限定词所修饰时，关系词只能用that。 9. this is the great moment to _____ i lookforward. 10. we suggested he go to see a doctor, ____ advise habeen taken by him. 当先行词是物，且关系词位于介词后时，或引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which use:“as" 1. the sun heats the earth, ______ isvery important to us.
Unit 4 单元重点语法Grammar定语从句之关系代词高一英语必修一单元重难点易错题精练人教版 Unit 4单元重点语法专项练习 定语从句之关系代词 一、单项选择 1．You can’t imagine the damage ________ air pollution ________ to the environment. A．which; makes B．that; does C．/; gets D．where; gives 2．Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. A．who; / B．/; who C．who; who D．/; / 3．We’ll call on a man ________ I believe can give us very good advice. A．which B．who C．whom D．whomever 4．Some people visited the factory ________ was founded in the summer of 2016. A．where B．which C．it D．whose 5．She was angry to see the beautiful coat ________ she had bought the day before ________ with a lot of dirt. A．which; cover B．that; covered C．/; covering D．where; covered 6．To be exact, all ________ is needed is a supply of oil. A．the thing B．that C．what D．which 7．Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police. A．which B．what C．whatever D．that 8．I want to have a mobile phone ________ color is orange. A．whose B．that C．its D．which 9．The second book ________ I want to read is Business at the Speed of Thought. A．which B．what C．that D．as 10．The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him. A．that B．which C．as D．it 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 11．用正确的关系代词填空。