1.现在完成时
（1）现在完成时的定义：
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在有了结果，对现在造成影响。该时态还可表示开始于过去并持续到现在一段时间内发生的动作。它是一个把过去和现在密切联系起来的时态。
（2）现在完成时的构成：have/has+过去分词
（3）现在完成时的基本用法：
1）表示（不确定的）过去发生（可能刚结束）的动作（通常为短暂性动词），但它所造成的状态目前依然存在，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现just, recently, lately, already, yet（用于疑问句和否定句）等副词。如：
I’ve just finished reading the novel. 我刚刚读完这本小说。
Have you seen the doctor yet? 你看过医生了吗？
2）表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在（有可能到将来）（通常为延续性动词），常和for+时间段（for可以省略）或since +时间点（如：then/1998/five years ago/he left）, today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for the last/past few years/days等时间状语连用。如：
She has been a teacher for twenty years. 她已经当了20年的老师了。
I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. 自上周五晚到现在我一直没看到贾斯廷。3）表示从过去到现在的反复性和习惯性动作，常和always, often, from time to time, frequently, ever, never, seldom, before, once, …times等表示频度的副词和短语连用。如：
I have often/never heard her sing this song. 我经常/从未听她唱这首歌。
Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. 有些村民说他们多次看到过飞碟。
4）现在完成时还可用于时间和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时, 此时强调动作的完成。
如：
Let’ wait until the rain stops/has stopped. 让我们等到雨停了。
If anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk? 如有人发现一块手表，可否请他放在我桌上？
I will write the letter when I have finished the book. 我看完这本书后就写信。
5）现在完成时还可用于某些固定句型中。如：
①“It/This/That is the first/second…time +that从句”，从句谓语动词用现在完成时。
Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That’s the third time that he’s phoned her this morning.
比尔又在给他女朋友打电话了。这已是他今天上午第三次给她打电话了。
②“… is the +形容词最高级+名词+定语从句”，从句谓语动词用现在完成时。
He is the most diligent student that I have (ever) taught 他是我教过的最勤奋的学生。
③“It is +一段时间+since+一般过去时（谓语动词为短暂性动词）”。如：
It is two years since he left the country. 他离开这个国家已有两年了。
=He left the country two years ago.=He has been away from the country for two years.
▲leave等短暂性动词必须改换成相应的状态动词。成对的词有：
become---be; come/arrive---be here, go/leave---be away, return/get back---be back, die---be dead; join the army---serve in the army, marry---be married to, borrow-the book--keep the book, catch a cold---have a cold, start/begin---be on (开始，进行，放映)，end/finish/stop---be over, appear---be there, disappear---be gone, get lost---be missing（丢失）。
2．现在完成进行时
(1) 现在完成进行时定义：
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚停止，也可能还在继续（视上下文确定）。现在完成进行时一般不用于被动语态。
（2）现在完成进行时的构成：have/has+been+现在分词
（3）现在完成进行时的基本用法：
1）表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。它常和how long, for+时间段, since+时间点结构及all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning等连用。如：
I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home. 回到家以来我一直睡得不好。
We have been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder.
我们一直在调查其他的可能性，比如说谋杀。
2）表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。如：
—Sorry, I’m late. Have you been waiting long? 对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗？
—Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour. 是的，我等了一个小时了。
3）表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的动作（强调次数多，动作不一定持续）。如：He has been cycling to work for the last three weeks. 三周以来，他一直骑自行车上班。
We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面。
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一周来吉姆每晚都给杰妮打电话。
3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
1）现在完成时表示到现在为止动作已经完成，强调结果；而现在完成进行时强调动作本身的持续性，不管动作是否完成。如：
I have read this novel. 我已读过这本小说。（可能刚读过，也可能是很久以前读的）
I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。（不一定看完）
★这种词包括write, build, design, repair, clean等。
2）现在完成时表示反复发生的动作，询问或说明已经完成动作的多少或次数，用how many times；而现在完成进行时表示持续的不间断的动作，询问或说明动作的延续性（长久），用how long。如：
How many times have you visited Egypt this month? 你本月访问过埃及几次？
How long have you been reading that book? 那本书你读了多长时间了？
3）一些表示感情和情绪的词，如：like, care (=like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want, wish；表示精神活动的动词，如：agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think), imagine, feel (=think), think, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, realize, recognize, doubt；感官动词，如：appear, look, seem, see, notice, observe, sound, hear, taste；状态动词，如：have, belong, owe, own, possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve等不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1970. 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。
4）现在完成时的句子中可以用像never, yet, already和ever这样的词，而现在完成进行时的句子中不可以用这些词。如：
I have already been to London. 我已去过伦敦。
5）现在完成时表示的重复行动有时可以用现在完成进行时表示为连续的行动。如：I’ve written six letters since breakfast. 早饭后我已经写了六封信。
I’ve been writing letters since breakfast. 早饭后我一直在写信。
I have knocked five times. I don’t think anybody is in. 我已敲了5次门。我想屋里没人。
I have been knocking, and I don’t think anybody is in. 我一直在敲门。我想屋里没人。
6）在表达从过去开始现仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词因本身就有持续性，故用现在完成时与现在完成进行时（与for+时间段,或since+时间点）均可，只是现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。如：rain（下雨），snow（下雪），lie（躺），sit（坐），stand（站），sleep（睡觉），live（居住），stay（待，逗留），learn/study（学习），teach （教书），work（工作），wait（等待），expect（期待，盼望。等），hope（希望），want （想要）等。如：
How long have you learnt/have you been learning English? 你学习英语多长时间了？
单项填空: 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I _____ the American TV series Prison Break these days and I can finish watching within two days.
A. have watched
B. have been watching
C. watch
D. am watching
2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology. (2007天津卷)
A. had discovered
B. had been discovered
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered
3. I got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit_______. (改编自2007北京卷)
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
4. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You in front of that computer too long. (2007江西卷)
A. work
B. are working
C. have been working
D. worked
5. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________. (2007 四川卷)
A. have marked
B. have been marked
C. had marked D had been marked
6. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建卷)
A. works
B. is working
C. has worked
D. worked
7. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year. (2007湖南卷)
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
8. ---If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
---What a pity! Tina _______ here to see you. (2005 湖南卷)
A. is
B. was
C. would be
D. has been
9. — Have you got any job offers?
— No. I ______. (2008辽宁卷)
A. waited
B. had been waiting
C. have waited
D. am waiting
10. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio. (2008安徽卷)
A. taught
B. have taught
C. are taught
D. have been taught
11. — Do you think we should accept that offer? （2008江西卷）
—Yes, we should, for we _____such bad luck up till now, and time ____ out.
A. have had; is running
B. had; is running
C. have; has been run
D. have had; has been run
12. ---I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
---I think so. He ______ for it for months. （2008江苏卷）
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing
13. —Are you going to attend the concert tonight?
—Well, I’d like to, but I _____ the ticket.
A. didn’t get
B. hadn’t got
C. haven’t got
D. can’t get
14. About 87.5% of the Chinese people feel that their living burdens are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes _____.
A. have increased
B. increase
C. increased
D. are increasing
15. —Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303?
—It should be 302. But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.
A. was put off
B. will put off
C. has been put off
D. put off
16. —How long has this bookshop been in business?
—_______ 1982, （NMET 1994）
A. After
B. In
C. From
D. Since
17. ---I am sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes. （NMET 1994）
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
18. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. （NMET 1995）
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
19. --- _______ the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes, it all depends on the weather. （NMET 1995）
A. I’ve been told
B. I’ve told
C. I’m told
D. I told
20. ---_______ my glasses?
---Yes, I saw them a minute ago on your bed. （NMET 1996）
A. Do you see
B. Had you seen
C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
21. ---Who is Jerry Cooper?
---_______? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET 1997) A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t met him yet?
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
22. ---I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.
---What do you suppose _______ to him? (1997·上海卷)
A. was happening
B. to happen
C. has happened
D. had happened
23. ---Oh, it’s you! I _______ you.
---I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses. (1997·上海卷)
A. didn’t recognize
B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized
D. don’t recognize
24. ---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I ______ the living room all day. (NMET 1998)
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
25. ---Hey, look where you are going!
---Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. (NMET 1999)
A. I’m not noticing
B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed
D. I don’t notice
26. The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET 1999)
A. went down
B. will go down
C. has gone down
D. was going down
27. ---How are you today?
---Oh, I _______ as ill as I do now for a long time. (NMET 2000)
A. didn’t feel
B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel
D. haven’t felt
28. All the preparations for the task _______, and we are ready to start. (NMET 2000·春招)
A. completed
B. complete
C. had been completed
D. have been completed
29. I wonder why Jenny _______to us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (NMET
2002)
A. hasn’t written
B. doesn’t write .
C. won’t write
D. hadn’t written
30. John and I _______friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. ( 2002·春招) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
31. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _______.
(NMET 2003)
A. has grown
B. is growing
C. grew
D. had grown
32. Millions of pounds’worth of damage _______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆卷)
A. has been caused
B. had been caused
C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
33. Customers are asked to make sure that they _______ the right change before leaving the shop.
(2006重庆卷)
A. will give
B. have been given
C. have given
D. will be given
34. I _______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006 重庆卷)
A. lived
B. was living
C. have lived
D. had lived
35. Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江苏卷)
A. achieved
B. has achieved
C. will achieve
D. had achieved
36. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006 江西卷)
A. worked
B. would work
C. would be working
D. has been working
37. I won’t tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he _______ on it for more than an hour. (2006 湖北卷) A. has been working B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
38. It is said that the early European playing cards _______ for entertainment and education.
(2006 辽宁卷) A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed
D. were designed
39. ---Have you seen the movie “Speed”?
---Yes, I _______ it when I was at college.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. would see
D. had seen
40. My father _______ too much recently. He should smoke less for the benefit of his health.
A. was smoking
B. would smoke
C. has been smoking
D. had smoked
41.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
(NMET 2003) A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
42. Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
(2005 上海卷)
A. has the city been
B. this city has been
C. was this city
D. this city was
将下列各句中的汉语译成英语使整个句子意义完整：
1．Great changes _______（发生）all over China in the past 30 years.
2．This topic is very difficult. I _______（没写) a single sentence now.
3．Ann’s face and clothes are covered in paint. She _______（油漆）the ceiling (天花扳). 4．It’s nice to see you again. What ________ you _______（干）since we last met?
5．You are out of breath. _______ you _______ (跑步)?
6．My hands are very dirty. I _______ (修理) my daughter’s bicycle。
7．Every morning they meet in the same café. They _______ (去) there for years.
8．I _______（工作）very hard, so what I need most at the moment is a good sleep.
9．He _______ (学) German for a whole year in college, but now he _______（忘）most of it. 10．Your car looks very clean. Where _______ you _______ (洗) it?
单项选择：
BDCCB CDBDD ADCAC DABAD DCACB CDDAD CABAB AADAC CA
填充题：
1. have taken place
2. haven’t written
3. has been painting
4. have, been doing
5. Have been running
6. have been repairing
7. have been going
8. have been working
9. learned/studied, has forgot 10. did, wash
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 新概念的现在完成时练习卷 Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks.
人教版中考英语九年级英语现在完成时难点总结练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 2．He ___________ for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】在现在完成时态里，当出现for+段时间时，短暂性动词必须换成延续性动词。get married需换成be married。故选A。 【点评】该题考查的是对现完时态中的短暂性动词与延续性动词动词的掌握，这一块内容是中考的重难点，考试频率占时态考查题的一半以上。学生必须牢记这两种词的转换及转换条件。 3．The small shop ________ for several years. A. opened B. has been opened C. has opened D. has been open 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】open是非延续性动词，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用必须转化为延续性动词be open.根据句意，本句应用现在完成时态，故选D。 【点评】考查open转化为be open, be open里的open是形容词，不能加ed.. 4．You must return the books to the library because you _________ them for more than two weeks． A. have lent B. have borrowed C. have kept 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意是：你必须把书还给图书馆因为你已经……两个多星期了。for more than two weeks 表示时间段，在现在完成时中需要和延续性动词连用，lend 和 borrow 都是短暂性动词，keep 具有延续性，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时中延续性动词和短暂性动词的转换问题。
九年级英语过去完成时(外研版) 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. would happen B. had happened C. happened D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】所填写动作发生在asked以前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选B。句意是：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生什么事了。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the time they reached the bus stop, the bus__________ for ten minutes. A. had left B. have left C. had been away D. have been away 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到他们到达公交车站的时候，公交车已经离开十分钟了。句中by the time 的意思是到...时候，后跟从句，从句使用的是一般过去时。根据句意可知，从句中
现在完成时和现在完成进行时小练习 1. He _____ with his first teacher for quite a long time. A. lost touch B. got in touch C. lost in touch D. has been out of touch 2. Mary _____ Green for five years. A. has married B. has married with C. married D. has been married to 3. It's the third time I ______him this month. A. had seen B. have seen C. saw D. see 4. Tom ________for more than a week. A. has been away B. has gone away C. went away D. has left 5. We _____each other since I left Shanghai. A. haven't seen B. hadn't seen C. didn't see D. wouldn't see 6. He ________with us since he returned last month. A. lives B. lived C. had lived D. has lived 7. They _____here for more than a month. A. have arrived B. have reached C. have come D. have been 8. Comrade Wang ____the Party for about three years. A. has attended B. has joined C. has been in D. has taken part in 9. The book _____on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up. A. is lying B. has lain C. has been lying D. lay 10. I _______from him so far. A. didn’t hear B. don't hear C. haven't heard D. hadn't heard 11. Great changes ________in my hometown in the past few years. A. were taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. have taken place 12. ________ the new color film ________this year? A. Has; been shown B. Did; show C. Are; shown D. Will; show 13. ---Why does Mary look to be so sorry? ---Because she _________by her classmates. A. has been laughed B. has laughed at C. was laughed D. has been laughed at 14. For this he _________on twice. A. has operated B. has been operated C. had been operated D. operated 15. I haven’t seen you for quite some time. What ______lately? A. were you doing B. did you do C. have you been doing D. had you done 16. The house looks much bigger now that we _______ the walls in brighter colours. A. are painting B. have painted C. had painted D. have been painting 17. ---How about my food? I _______ here for almost half an hour. ---I’m sorry, sir. It must be ready by now. A. have been sitting B. am sitting C. had been sitting D. was sitting 18. Mary ___________ at this school for thirty years but she hasn’t decided to retire. A. has been taught B. has been teaching C. taught D. had taught 19. I ______ always ______ of him, but I can’t see him. A. had; been thinking B. have; been thinking C. was; thinking D. have; thought 20. Although medical science ______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. is achieving 21. —Is it hard to drive downtown to work? —Yes, that’s why I to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone
一.表达概念： 1.表示到说话人说话时已经完成的动作，却对现在仍有影响或结果。 例句：He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。 2.表示事情开始与过去，却一直持续到现在还在进行的事情。 例句：He has taught in our school for 30 years. 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。 3.表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。 例句：My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。 4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。 例句：I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。 二、句型构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p）（V-ed） e.g done ①肯定句中：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ②否定句中：主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ③一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ④特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 三、时间状语 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： ever,never,already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately,since+时间点,for+时间段,etc. 四、注意点
现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／month ／year...，today等)连用。 例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直 延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：①主语＋have / has been＋for短语②It is＋一段时间＋since从句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。 3、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 4、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 5、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正
现在完成进行时 1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式I/We have been working. 疑问式Have you been working？ 简略回答Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't. 肯定式He/She/It has been working. 疑问式Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't. 4 现在完成时的用法 1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I've been reading this book for two hours，but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。 I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。 2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。 We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。 5 相同点 1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如: I have worked in this school since 2001. I have been working here since 2001. 2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如: Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years 6 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较： We've been living here for ten years. We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
新概念第一册语法讲解：现在完成时 现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 用法： 1）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。 I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了。） He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。） They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了。） The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不 用再看了。） 2）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时： Have you finished your homework? Have you been to Beijing? Have he seen the film? 3）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year. 4）表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情 I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris. Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.（人已经回来） He has gone to London.（人还在那里） 5）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. 句型变化： ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I have. / No, I have not. ★特殊疑问句 What have you done? What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
高中英语语法《现在完成时的被动语态》教学设计 一、教材分析 本节课的授课内容为被动语态中的一个重点也是难点的内容：现在完成时被动语态的学习及其应用。对于该内容学生半知半解，加上语法容易让人觉得枯燥，学生对此内容有排斥畏难心理。所以教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重学习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法、情景教学法和小组合作探究学习法，让学生亲身去感知、领悟知识和运用知识，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量，使其内容更加丰富，降低了语法学习的难度，同时也使语言学习和运用语言的过程成为一种栩栩如生的互动体验，提高了学习效率。 二、学情分析 授课对象为高一级的学生，他们来自全区各地初中，大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，渴求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师。所以只有设臵使他们感兴趣的活动，利用发生在学生身边的事情——教室的环境布臵和学校艺术文化节作为语法学习的载体，因材施教，让学生明白所学语言知识的实用性，这样才能激发学生学习的积极性，并在师生互动、生生互动中实现教学任务和目标。 三、教学目标 知识与技能：1.让学生弄清楚现在完成时被动语态的结构和用 法； 2.重点是现在完成时被动语态的应用。 过程与方法：1.培养学生自主学习、协作学习和探究的能力； 2.培养学生分析问题、解决问题、归纳问题的能 力。 3.提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。
情感价值观：通过本节课的学习，培养学生热爱学校积极参与 学校活动的情感。 四、教学重点和难点 现在完成时被动语态的基本构成与实际应用。 五、教学策略和方法 本节课的教学以学生为中心，以教室的环境布臵和学校艺术文化节为载体，使课堂教学过程成为学生自主地进行信息加工、知识意义构建、归纳能力发展的过程。教师在教学过程中则适时介入，引导、启发、组织、帮助、促进。随堂进行小组指导，一方面参与学生的讨论，更给学生以个别辅导，以帮助学生解决学习过程中的难题。通过演示法把制作的课件、学生的作文等显示给学生看，便于学生对知识的把握，并从中获得启迪，从而解决问题。通过小组协作法分析问题、解决问题，从而内化而形成学习成果，并将其在全班学生中展示，使学生获得成功的喜悦，从而激发学生的后续学习热情。通过任务驱动教学法将所要学习的新知识隐含在语言操练之中，学生通过对呈现的图片进行分析、讨论，并在老师的指导、帮助下用本节课的语法对图片进行描述，以达到对语法项目的操练，最后通过任务的完成而实现对所学知识的意义建构。 六、板书设计 现在完成时被动语态的基本结构：have/has been done 七、教学过程 Step1 Revision (复习)（6分钟） 本单元学习的话题是计算机，计算机的应用很广泛，让学生在阅读里面找出介绍计算机应用的句子，并齐读句子：?The computers have been used in communication, finance and trade. ?The computers have been put into robots. ?It has been used to make mobile phones as well as help with
九年级英语过去完成时专项练习 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．By the end of last month, we ______already ______ our lessons. A. has, finished B. have, finished C. had, finished D. will, finish 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】题意：到上个月末为止，我们已经结束了课程。根据句意，应选C。 【点评】注意时间状语，很容易选出。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在上个月末，珍已经为贫穷的生病的孩子筹集到了足够的钱。根据By the end of last month，可知句子的时态为过去完成时，C是过去完成时结构，故答案是C。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意过去完成的时的判定方法。 4．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】这题考查时态，第一空几个选项都可以，第二空指“我到电影院之前电影已经开始5分钟了”，用过去完成时，又因为begin是短暂动词，不能和一段时间连用，所以选D。 【点评】要注意完成时态中的延续性动词的转换。 5．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left
专项语法讲练——现在完成时 【概念引入】 如何学习时态？对中学生来说，最好还是从各个时态的基本概念、基本形式和基本用法学起。在过了这一阶段之后，再放开步伐，通过大量的听、读和笔头实践，获得感性的知识。现在，我们就从最基本的概念、形式和用法等方面来总结一种新的时态——现在完成时。 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 二、现在完成时的构成 1. 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 2. 否定句： 现在完成时的否定句式是“haven’t（hasn’t）＋过去分词”。 3. 疑问句： 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, …have(has)./ No, …haven’t(hasn’t). 三、动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化 (一) 规则变化 变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。 1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look —looked 2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move —moved 3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry —carried 4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop —stopped (二)不规则变化 不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时，可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理。例如：AAB型 ABC 型 AAA型
外研版英语【初中英语】现在完成时难点汇总 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．All members_______ are admitted to the auditorium. A. have got the tickets B. that had got the tickets C. that have got the tickets D. had got the tickets 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有得到票的成员都被允许进入了观众席。根据题意可知，本句为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，需要用 that或 who引导，且不可省略，所以排除A 和D。票已经拿到了，因此用完成时，根据 are 可知，用现在完成时，have got，故选C。【点评】考查定语从句和时态，注意tha引导从句的用法。 2．—How long can I _________ this book? —Five days. But you must return it on time. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——我能保留这本书多长时间？——五天。但是你一定要按时归还它。A,borrow借，瞬间性动词；B, lend接，是瞬间性动词；C,keep保留，是延续性动词；D,kept是过去式。此处与how long连用，故此处用延续性动词，位于情态动词can之后，故用动词原形keep，故选C。 【点评】本题考查延续性动词。以及borrow，lend，keep，kept四个词的词义和用法。 3．— Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time. — He _______ Beijing for about half a year. He moved there in January. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has arrived in D. has been in 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查延续与非延续性动词。根据for about half a year是一段时间，排除非延续性动词A、B、C这三个选项，故选D。 4．He ___________ for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】在现在完成时态里，当出现for+段时间时，短暂性动词必须换成延续性动词。get married需换成be married。故选A。 【点评】该题考查的是对现完时态中的短暂性动词与延续性动词动词的掌握，这一块内容是中考的重难点，考试频率占时态考查题的一半以上。学生必须牢记这两种词的转换及转换条件。
过去完成时态 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，即发生在"过去的过去"，这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或者一个时间状语从句来表示。如： When I woke up,it had stopped raining. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。常用表延续的时间状语如by the end of+过去的时间点，by the time+从句等。如: By the end of last year,she had worked in the factory for twenty years. 过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主+ had. No, 主+ hadn’t 练一练： 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime. A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was 2. It so happened that they________ the novel before. A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read 3．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 4. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 5. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 6. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 7. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习题 A. Correct the following sentences. （改错） 1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine. 2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon. 3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford? 4. It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? 5. It's a long time since you come to see me. 6. Alice didn't see much of Henry lately. 7. I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam. B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning. 4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon. 5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. C. Make the best choices. 1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so. He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. —I have got a headache. —No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering