现在完成时和现在完成进行时
一、现在完成时用来表示发生在过去的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系。
现在完成时由“have / has + 动词过去分词”构成，现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成为“have / has been + 动词过去分词”。
现在完成时常用于以下几种情况：
1．动作开始于过去，结束于过去，但对现在仍有影响。
2．动作发生于过去一直延续到现在，这个动作可能是某种状态习惯性动作。
3．现在完成时还可以用来表示过去某一时间到现在这段时间内反复发生的动作。
和现在完成时态连用的时间状语主要有以下三种：
1．句中出现just，never，ever，already，yet，lately , recently，before, these years / months / days等词时。
2．句中出现“for + 时间段”或since + 时间点或since引导的时间状语从句（一般多为过去时）。
3．句中出现up to now（直到现在），so far（到目前为止），since then，in the past / last + 表示一段时间的词语时。
【注意】含有终止或短暂意义的动词在肯定句中不能和一段时间搭配，这类动词常见的有：begin，end，come，go，leave，join，die，marry等。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1．现在完成时常表示动作或状态延伸到现在，如：
He has lived in Tianjin for ten years.
一般过去时虽也可指延伸，但它不能延伸到现在。
He lived in Tianjin for ten years.
2．一般过去时只表示某个动作或状态曾经发生过，与现在并无联系，而现在完成时则表示过去的动作或状态对现在有影响。
We’d better stop her from doing such hard work, for she has been seriously ill.（过去的动作对现在造成了影响）
He was ill last week.（并没有涉及现在的情况）
3．现在完成时的时间状语可以同不确定的过去时间状语连用（如already，just，before，recently等），还可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用（如today，this morning，this month，this year等），还可以和时间段连用。
一般过去时一般与表示过去的时间状语连用（如yesterday，last week），也可以和today，this morning等连用，但是动作发生在过去。
I’ve seen him this May.（说话时还是五月）
I saw him this May.（说话时五月已经过去）
二、现在完成进行时由“助动词have / has + been + 动词的现在分词”构成，即have
/ has been doing，其否定形式是在have / has后面加not，一般疑问句把have / has 提到句首即可。
1．表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行的动作，可能还会继续进行下去，它通常和“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点/ 从句”连用。
2．表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话的时刻，刚刚结束的动作，在某种情况下与现在有关联。
【注意】1）有些不能用于现在进行时的动词（如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等），同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，而应使用现在完成时。
2）表示短暂动作的动词（如finish，marry，come，go等）不能用于现在完成进行时。
时态对比：
1．现在完成进行时与现在进行时比较：现在完成进行时强调某一动作从过去一直延续到现在，而现在进行时只指目前正在发生的动作。
Susan has been reading that storybook since last night.
Susan is reading a storybook now.
2．现在完成进行时与现在完成时比较：现在完成进行时和现在完成时都表示动作从过去开始，但是现在完成时表示动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。
They have been repairing the broken road.
他们一直在维修那条被损坏的道路。（动作仍在继续）
They have already repaired the broken road.
他们把那条被损坏的路修好了。（动作已经结束）
3．现在完成进行时通常与all morning / afternoon / day或the whole day等连用，never，yet，already和ever等词可用于现在完成时，不能用于现在完成进行时。
4．现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的持续性行为，提问时用how long；如果表示动作反复发生用现在完成时，提问时用how many times。
—How long have you been writing this letter?
—I’ve been writing it for two hours.
—How many times have you written to him?
—I’ve written to him three times, but I haven’t heard from him up till now.
Multiple Choice:
1. I ________ in Nanjing for 20 years. I like everything here.
A. work
B. worked
C. has worked
D. have worked
2. —Jenny ________ to New York for an important meeting. She will be back next week.
—Really? Do you know when she ________?
A. went; has left
B. went; had left
C. has been; left
D. has gone; left
3. This is the third time that the great scientist ________ the city of Shanghai.
A. is visiting
B. has visited
C. visited
D. had visited
4. —She ________ to play the piano already.
—Great! When ________ she start?
—Last month.
A. learned; has
B. learned; did
C. has learned; has
D. has learned; did
5. The student has been _______ the novel since he finished school.
A. wrote
B. writing
C. written
D. writes
6. —Hi, David. You look so tired. What’s going on?
—I ________ the classroom for 2 hours.
A. am cleaning
B. was cleaning
C. have been clearing
D. had cleaned
7. Lily can’t go to the theatre with me because her report ________ yet.
A. didn’t finish
B. isn’t finished
C. hasn’t finished
D. hasn’t been finished
8. Visitors are asked to make sure that they ________ the right ticket before leaving the
room.
A. will give
B. have been given
C. have given
D. will be given
9. The young girl sitting next to me at the airport is very nervous, for she ________ so far.
A. hasn’t flown
B. didn’t fly
C. hadn’t flown
D. wasn’t flying
10. The house belongs to my sister, but she ________ here for two years.
A. hasn’t lived
B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t lived
D. doesn’t live
11. —Are you busy recently, Ken?
—Yes, I ________ the coming speech contest. It will be held next week.
A. have prepared for
B. prepare for
C. had prepared for
D. have been preparing for
12. The living room is very dirty because it ________ for quite a few days.
A. hasn’t been cleaned
B. wasn’t cleaned
C. hadn’t been cleaned
D. hasn’t cleaned
13. The country life he was used to ________ greatly since 1995.
A. change
B. has changed
C. changing
D. have changed
14. Sorry, I can’t go to the concert with you because I ________ my ticket.
A. am missing
B. have lost
C. was losing
D. have missed
15. —When did you get go know him?
—I ________ him since 1990.
A. knew
B. have known
C. have been knowing
D. have got to know Ⅱ. 根据所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Sorry, I’m full. I (have) supper already.
2. Li Ming (go) abroad last year. We (not hear) from each other since then.
3. —The window is dirty.
—I know. It (not clean) for weeks.
4. I’m sorry for what I just (say).
5. —Where is Tim?
—He to Australia. It is said that he will come back next month.
6. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling from the east to the west when he
(see) it.
7. Now that he is out of a job, John (consider) going back to school, but he hasn’t decided yet.
8. I (fall) asleep while reading the English textbook.
Luckily, my deskmate woke me up in time!
9. Great charges (take) place in my hometown in the past three years.
10. It (be) the third time that she had been to Nanjing that year.
Ⅲ.将下列句子译成英语
1．我们从孩提时代就是好朋友。
2．自从1978年以来，我就在这所大学任教。
3．我已在此等了近两个小时，可他还没来。
4．李明是我曾经教过的最好学生。
5．他昨晚一定发生了什么事。
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 新概念的现在完成时练习卷 Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks.
九年级英语过去完成时(外研版) 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. would happen B. had happened C. happened D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】所填写动作发生在asked以前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选B。句意是：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生什么事了。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the time they reached the bus stop, the bus__________ for ten minutes. A. had left B. have left C. had been away D. have been away 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到他们到达公交车站的时候，公交车已经离开十分钟了。句中by the time 的意思是到...时候，后跟从句，从句使用的是一般过去时。根据句意可知，从句中
现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or
现在完成时和现在完成进行时小练习 1. He _____ with his first teacher for quite a long time. A. lost touch B. got in touch C. lost in touch D. has been out of touch 2. Mary _____ Green for five years. A. has married B. has married with C. married D. has been married to 3. It's the third time I ______him this month. A. had seen B. have seen C. saw D. see 4. Tom ________for more than a week. A. has been away B. has gone away C. went away D. has left 5. We _____each other since I left Shanghai. A. haven't seen B. hadn't seen C. didn't see D. wouldn't see 6. He ________with us since he returned last month. A. lives B. lived C. had lived D. has lived 7. They _____here for more than a month. A. have arrived B. have reached C. have come D. have been 8. Comrade Wang ____the Party for about three years. A. has attended B. has joined C. has been in D. has taken part in 9. The book _____on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up. A. is lying B. has lain C. has been lying D. lay 10. I _______from him so far. A. didn’t hear B. don't hear C. haven't heard D. hadn't heard 11. Great changes ________in my hometown in the past few years. A. were taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. have taken place 12. ________ the new color film ________this year? A. Has; been shown B. Did; show C. Are; shown D. Will; show 13. ---Why does Mary look to be so sorry? ---Because she _________by her classmates. A. has been laughed B. has laughed at C. was laughed D. has been laughed at 14. For this he _________on twice. A. has operated B. has been operated C. had been operated D. operated 15. I haven’t seen you for quite some time. What ______lately? A. were you doing B. did you do C. have you been doing D. had you done 16. The house looks much bigger now that we _______ the walls in brighter colours. A. are painting B. have painted C. had painted D. have been painting 17. ---How about my food? I _______ here for almost half an hour. ---I’m sorry, sir. It must be ready by now. A. have been sitting B. am sitting C. had been sitting D. was sitting 18. Mary ___________ at this school for thirty years but she hasn’t decided to retire. A. has been taught B. has been teaching C. taught D. had taught 19. I ______ always ______ of him, but I can’t see him. A. had; been thinking B. have; been thinking C. was; thinking D. have; thought 20. Although medical science ______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. is achieving 21. —Is it hard to drive downtown to work? —Yes, that’s why I to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone
一.表达概念： 1.表示到说话人说话时已经完成的动作，却对现在仍有影响或结果。 例句：He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。 2.表示事情开始与过去，却一直持续到现在还在进行的事情。 例句：He has taught in our school for 30 years. 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。 3.表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。 例句：My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。 4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。 例句：I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。 二、句型构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p）（V-ed） e.g done ①肯定句中：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ②否定句中：主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ③一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ④特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 三、时间状语 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： ever,never,already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately,since+时间点,for+时间段,etc. 四、注意点
现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
现在完成进行时 1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式I/We have been working. 疑问式Have you been working？ 简略回答Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't. 肯定式He/She/It has been working. 疑问式Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't. 4 现在完成时的用法 1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I've been reading this book for two hours，but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。 I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。 2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。 We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。 5 相同点 1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如: I have worked in this school since 2001. I have been working here since 2001. 2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如: Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years 6 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较： We've been living here for ten years. We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
新概念第一册语法讲解：现在完成时 现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 用法： 1）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。 I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了。） He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。） They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了。） The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不 用再看了。） 2）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时： Have you finished your homework? Have you been to Beijing? Have he seen the film? 3）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year. 4）表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情 I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris. Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.（人已经回来） He has gone to London.（人还在那里） 5）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. 句型变化： ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I have. / No, I have not. ★特殊疑问句 What have you done? What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
九年级英语过去完成时专项练习 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．By the end of last month, we ______already ______ our lessons. A. has, finished B. have, finished C. had, finished D. will, finish 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】题意：到上个月末为止，我们已经结束了课程。根据句意，应选C。 【点评】注意时间状语，很容易选出。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在上个月末，珍已经为贫穷的生病的孩子筹集到了足够的钱。根据By the end of last month，可知句子的时态为过去完成时，C是过去完成时结构，故答案是C。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意过去完成的时的判定方法。 4．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】这题考查时态，第一空几个选项都可以，第二空指“我到电影院之前电影已经开始5分钟了”，用过去完成时，又因为begin是短暂动词，不能和一段时间连用，所以选D。 【点评】要注意完成时态中的延续性动词的转换。 5．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left
专项语法讲练——现在完成时 【概念引入】 如何学习时态？对中学生来说，最好还是从各个时态的基本概念、基本形式和基本用法学起。在过了这一阶段之后，再放开步伐，通过大量的听、读和笔头实践，获得感性的知识。现在，我们就从最基本的概念、形式和用法等方面来总结一种新的时态——现在完成时。 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 二、现在完成时的构成 1. 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 2. 否定句： 现在完成时的否定句式是“haven’t（hasn’t）＋过去分词”。 3. 疑问句： 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, …have(has)./ No, …haven’t(hasn’t). 三、动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化 (一) 规则变化 变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。 1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look —looked 2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move —moved 3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry —carried 4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop —stopped (二)不规则变化 不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时，可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理。例如：AAB型 ABC 型 AAA型
过去完成时态 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，即发生在"过去的过去"，这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或者一个时间状语从句来表示。如： When I woke up,it had stopped raining. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。常用表延续的时间状语如by the end of+过去的时间点，by the time+从句等。如: By the end of last year,she had worked in the factory for twenty years. 过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主+ had. No, 主+ hadn’t 练一练： 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime. A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was 2. It so happened that they________ the novel before. A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read 3．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 4. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 5. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 6. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 7. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university
现在完成时的构成： 陈述句：S（主语）+ have/ has + 动词过去分词 I have had dinner. 否定形式：S（主语）+ hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词 I haven’t had dinner. 疑问形式：Have/has + S(主语) +动词过去分词 Have you had dinner 肯定回答：Yes, S(主语)+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, S（主语）+ have/ has+ not. 现在完成时适用范围： 1、谈论过去发生的事情，但是发生的时间不重要. . She has broken her arm. 她伤了她的胳膊. 2、谈论过去发生的某事，但对现在造成了影响 . She has broken her arm, so she can’t play basketball. 她伤了她的胳膊, 所以她不能打篮球了. 3、过去开始的某事，现在还在继续. . He has lived in China for 20 years. 他已经在中国住了20年了. He has lived in China since 1993. 4. 刚刚发生的事情. . They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到达了机场. 5. 经历或取得的成就. . He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通过了他的数学考试. 现在完成时态中的重要标志词 already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别
1、already意思是“已经” A、通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面） B、也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时 already常放在句末。 She has already found her bike. Has she found her bike already她已经找到自行车了 2、yet用法 A、yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”； I haven’t found my ruler yet. B、也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末） Have you found your ruler yet你已经找到尺子了吗 3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”（放在have和has的后面） I have just received a letter. 4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面） I’ve never been to Beijing. 5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”（放在have和has的后面） Have you ever been to Beijing 规则动词过去分词和过去式变法一样
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习题 A. Correct the following sentences. （改错） 1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine. 2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon. 3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford? 4. It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? 5. It's a long time since you come to see me. 6. Alice didn't see much of Henry lately. 7. I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam. B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning. 4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon. 5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. C. Make the best choices. 1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so. He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. —I have got a headache. —No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering
现在完成时 【概念引入】 欣赏含有现在完成时的名言： Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教会了我思考，但思考却没有教会我生活。 Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说，冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。 Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge itself. 在自然赋予我们知识的种子，而非知识本身。 现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时是：助动词have（has）+过去分词构成的。 I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。 现在完成时的否定句：是在助动词have(has)的后面加not构成。 I haven’t seen the film so far. 到目前为止，我还没有看那部电影。 现在完成时的一般疑问句：是把助动词have(has)提到句子主语的前面。 Have you seen the film yet? 你看过那部电影了吗？ 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义及用法（1） 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？ （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven’t started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。 二、现在完成时的定义及用法（2） 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。