现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的意义及其构成：
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词
二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：
1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。
The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy．(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴)
2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。
I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night．(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过
3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。
The boy has already come home．(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家)
4、表示刚结束的动作。
The police have just finished searching the area．(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) 5、表示反复发生的动作。
Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times．(村民们曾多次看到UFO)
三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1、表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately never等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。
The boy has already come home．男孩已经来家了。
I haven't heard anything from him yet/ recently／lately.
近来，我没收到他的任何信件。
The police have just finished searching the area．警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。
I've met the old man somewhere before．我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。
2、表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用for／since短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。
We haven't seen him for two years／since 2002．我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。
We haven't seen him since he left Nanjing．自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。
3、表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+times、recently和lately等。
Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately．一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。
四、用于现在完成时的句型：
1) It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是男孩第三次迟到了。
2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容词最高级+ that…结构, that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
You are the most creative man that I have ever met. 你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。
3) since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：
It has been/ is a long time since I last came to the city. 自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。
I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我一直就在那儿。
注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错) I have received his letter for a month.
(对) I received this letter a month ago.
(对) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成：
现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成:
have (has) +been + doing
I have been learning English for three years. (学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学)
I have been waiting three hours for you. (等待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束)
二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况：
1 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。
I have not been sleeping well since I returned home．(“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好)
2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。
Kelly：Sorry I'm late．Have you been waiting long? (凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)
Sally：Yes．I have been waiting for an hour．
现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：
We have been cleaning the classroom．我们打扫教室来着。
其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。
We have cleaned the classroom．我们把教室打扫过了。其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
Helen has read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海伦已经读完了)
Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海伦仍在读)
------ How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
------I have visited Egypt twice this month.
(现在完成时在这一组对话当中表示被问者过去往返于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来)
------ How long have you been touring Egypt ?
------ I have been touring Egypt for two months.
(现在完成进行时在这一组对话中表示被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过) I have had this camera for five years．(had是表示“拥有”状态的动词)
I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示动作的动词)
I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. (taking是表示动作的动词) I’ve never visited Paris. 我从未参观过巴黎。
I've already been to Paris. 我已经去过巴黎了。
. 选择填空
1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?
John: Yes, I a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.
A. make
B. made
C. have been making
D. have made
2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but he as an actor for several years.
A. worked
B. has worked
C. had worked
D. had been worked
3. Now that you a famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?
A. have been
B. are
C. were
D. had been
4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.
Miss. Huang: So you are. You on the documents all day.
A. are working
B. have worked
C. were working
D. have been working
5. Tom: I here three days ago.
Andy: What these days?
A. got; did you do
B. have got; have you done
C. had got; will you do
D. got; have you been doing
6. Annie: I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
Michael: Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
7. You don’t need to describe her. I her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?
Jim: I here for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.
A. come
B. came
C. have come
D. have been
9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934) the world leading inventor for about sixty years.
A. would be
B. has been
C. was
D. had been
10. Billy: the sport meeting might be put off.
Paul: Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told
B. I’ve told
C. I’m told
D.
I told
11. Johnson: What bad luck that we the football match in the last 3 minutes.
Thomas: Especially when we so hard in the past years.
A. had lost; trained
B. were losing; had rained
C. have lost; have trained
D. lost; have been training
12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.
Mary: I coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.
A. had thought of
B. thought of
C. have been thinking of
D. have thought of
13. Tom: Miss Jones music at Eton School for ten years.
Sarah: No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden.
A. teachers
B. used to teach
C. is teaching
D. has been teaching
14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we here for over half an hour and nobody our order yet.
John: I suppose you are right.
A. have been waiting; has taken
B. have been waiting; took
C. have been waited; has taken
D. have waited; took
15. The students don’t want to have their supper until they their experiment.
A. finished
B. have finished
C. had finished
D. will finish
16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I time to play since the new year.
A. haven’t
B. don’t have
C. haven’t had
D. don’t have had
17. By now students in Grade One 1,700 English words and phrases.
A. should learn
B. have learned
C. learned
D. learn
18. I my history this time yesterday. Now I all my work for today.
A. reviewed; had done
B. was reviewing; had done
C. was reviewing; have done
D. reviewed; have done
19. I unexplained things recently and I even some writing.
A. have been researching; have started
B. have researched; had started
C. have been researching; have been starting
D. have been researched; have started
20. Tom: Where have you been? I you the whole day.
Kate: I was in the library reading magazines.
A. have been telephoning
B. had telephoned
C. telephoned
D. was telephoned
21. The boss yet when and where to take her paid holiday.
A. has decided
B. didn’t decide
C. hasn’t decided
D. hadn’t decided
22. Jane: How are you today?
Ben: Oh, I this ill in a long time.
A. didn’t feel
B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel
D.
haven’t felt
23. Shirley a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
24. Peter: Hi, Tracy, you look tried.
Tracy: I am tired. I the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
25. I don’t really work here. I until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out
B. have just help out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
26. The price , but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.
A. went down
B. will go down
C. has gone down
D. was going down
27. I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written
B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write
D. hadn’t written
28. The high building is reported to down last month.
A. be torn
B. have been torn
C. tear
D. have torn
29. – Who is Jerry Cooper?
-- ? I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Didn’t you meet him yet
C. Haven’t you met him yet
D. Hadn’t you met him yet
30. I my washing machine the whole morning. I must get t done before noon.
A. have repaired
B. am repairing
C. will repair
D. have been repairing
31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago. I well since then.
A. haven’t been sleeping
B. haven’t sleep
C. didn’t sleep
D. don’t sleep
32. Experts for Yetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still one.
A. have looked; haven’t been finding
B. have looked; haven’t been found
C. are looking; haven’t been found
D. have been looking; haven’t found
. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The aliens say they come from zeton and (travel) for 2 years
2. How many
times you (swim) in the sea?
3. How long the children (play) computer games?
4. They (visit) this national park twice this month.
5. They (tour) Paris for 2 weeks. They are going back home next week.
6. She never (read) any book about Stonehenge before.
7. Jim (read) a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning, and he’ll get through soon.
8. I (not be) so delighted since
I (enjoy) myself last.
9. But no evidence of life (discover) in any of these planet so far.
10. – Will someone go and get Dr. White?
-- He already
(send) for.
答案BAADD ；ABDCA ；DCDAB ；CBCAA； CDDCC； CABCD；
AD
1． have been traveling 2. have; swum 3. have; been playing 4. have visited
5 . have been touring
6. has; read
7. has been reading
8. have not been; enjoyed
9. has been discovered 10.has; been sent
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1. 规则变化
1. 一般情况直接加ed。
2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d。
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed。
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed。
2.不规则变化
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。
3．动词原形与过去分词同形
4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式
人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的，它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ，可知用现在完成时，have/has been done，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意识记其标志词。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，Tom！你曾经去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句，排除C。have been to+地点名词，去过某地，去了并且回来了；have gone to+地点名词，去了某地，去了还没有回来，在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 4．——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A
现在完成时讲解和练习 1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化) 2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 否定句He has not finished the work. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 3.现在完成时的用法: A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中 e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中 e.g.：I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾 e.g.：I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing? (3)三词组 1.have
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
现在完成时讲解与练习 （一）现在完成时的基本用法 （1）强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。 （2）强调对现在的影响或结果，此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。两者的区别是：一般过去时有动作发生的时间点，即过去某一时间发生某一动作；现在完成时则没有，即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作，而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 （3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。一、现在完成时的构成 （一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） （二）否定式 主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：
Lead in 一般过去时导入：一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I lost my pen.(过去时) I have lost my pen.（现在完成时） 过去时一般表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态。“我把笔丢了”，说话人只是想告诉对方在过去的某一个时间里他的笔丢了，仅此而已。（仅仅是在陈诉过去的一个事实，与现在没有关系） New lesson 一．现在完成时的构成： 助动词have/has(not) +动词过去分词 She has turned on the lights. 肯定式：have/ has+过去分词 否定式：haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 疑问式：把have/has 提到主语前面 肯定回答：Yes,…have/has 否定回答：No,…..haven’t/hasn’t 二．用法 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 例如:She has gone. 她走了. She went in the past.(She is not here
now.) I have just cleaned my hands. 我刚洗过手。（“洗手”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“手干净了”） I have closed the door. (The door is close now.) She has turned on the lights. (The lights are on now.) He has written his name on the blackboard. (The name is on the blackboard now.) Mother has cooked the dinner. (We can have dinner now.) You have seen the film. （You know what the film is about.) We have cleaned the classroom. (The classroom is clean now.) 2. 表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。以及so far, by now, these days, in the last/past … years/days…等连用。 I have lived here for over ten years. （表示他现在还在这里居住，并且还有可能继续住下去）比较：I lived here ten years ago.(仅仅说明了他十年前在这里记住过的事实,不代表现在他还住在这里) He has studied here since 2006. 都用How long 提问，例： We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago.
现在完成时和现在完成进行时小练习 1. He _____ with his first teacher for quite a long time. A. lost touch B. got in touch C. lost in touch D. has been out of touch 2. Mary _____ Green for five years. A. has married B. has married with C. married D. has been married to 3. It's the third time I ______him this month. A. had seen B. have seen C. saw D. see 4. Tom ________for more than a week. A. has been away B. has gone away C. went away D. has left 5. We _____each other since I left Shanghai. A. haven't seen B. hadn't seen C. didn't see D. wouldn't see 6. He ________with us since he returned last month. A. lives B. lived C. had lived D. has lived 7. They _____here for more than a month. A. have arrived B. have reached C. have come D. have been 8. Comrade Wang ____the Party for about three years. A. has attended B. has joined C. has been in D. has taken part in 9. The book _____on the floor for ten minutes, but no one has picked it up. A. is lying B. has lain C. has been lying D. lay 10. I _______from him so far. A. didn’t hear B. don't hear C. haven't heard D. hadn't heard 11. Great changes ________in my hometown in the past few years. A. were taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. have taken place 12. ________ the new color film ________this year? A. Has; been shown B. Did; show C. Are; shown D. Will; show 13. ---Why does Mary look to be so sorry? ---Because she _________by her classmates. A. has been laughed B. has laughed at C. was laughed D. has been laughed at 14. For this he _________on twice. A. has operated B. has been operated C. had been operated D. operated 15. I haven’t seen you for quite some time. What ______lately? A. were you doing B. did you do C. have you been doing D. had you done 16. The house looks much bigger now that we _______ the walls in brighter colours. A. are painting B. have painted C. had painted D. have been painting 17. ---How about my food? I _______ here for almost half an hour. ---I’m sorry, sir. It must be ready by now. A. have been sitting B. am sitting C. had been sitting D. was sitting 18. Mary ___________ at this school for thirty years but she hasn’t decided to retire. A. has been taught B. has been teaching C. taught D. had taught 19. I ______ always ______ of him, but I can’t see him. A. had; been thinking B. have; been thinking C. was; thinking D. have; thought 20. Although medical science ______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. is achieving 21. —Is it hard to drive downtown to work? —Yes, that’s why I to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone
现在完成时(1) 基本结构： 肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他 否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他 has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他 一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。 I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了) Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词： do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been
现在完成时的基本用法 1、现在完成时表示影响 Hehasleftthecity.他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。) Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户 仍破着。) Ihavelostmypen.我把钢笔丢了。(结果：我现在无钢笔用。) Hehasfinishedhiswork.他把工作做完了。(结果：他现在可以做其他的事了。) 2、现在完成时表示持续 该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也 可能到此结束)，如汉语说“他在我们学校教书已有30年了”，显 然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始，并且一直教到现在，已 经持续了30年;又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”，显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的，并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。如： Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.他在我们学校教书已有30 年了。 Hehasbeenbusysincelastweek.自上个星期以来他一直很忙。 Hehasworkedforuseversinceheleftschool.他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。 3、现在完成时表示重复
即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。如： Howoftenhaveyouseenher?你隔多少见她一次? Myfatherhasalwaysgonetoworkbybike.我父亲一向骑车上班。 4、现在完成时表示将来 同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。如： I’llwaituntilhehaswrittenhisletter.我愿等到他把信写完。 Whenyouhaverested,I’llshowyouthegarden.等你休息好之后，我领你看我们的花园。 二、现在完成时的基本定义和句型构成 基本定义 现在完成时有两种用法 1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。 2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。 句型构成 基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p) 现在完成时用法 现在完成时用法 ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他). ②否定句:主语+havenot/hasnot+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.
LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在：You are rich. 过去：You were rich. 将来：You will be rich. 过去将来：You would be rich. There be 现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状 现在：You study English in the school. 过去时：You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. are about to study English would study English in the scho You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English.
现在完成进行时 1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式I/We have been working. 疑问式Have you been working？ 简略回答Yes，I/we have. No，I/we haven't. 肯定式He/She/It has been working. 疑问式Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasn't. 4 现在完成时的用法 1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：I've been reading this book for two hours，but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。 I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。 2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。 We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。 5 相同点 1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如: I have worked in this school since 2001. I have been working here since 2001. 2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如: Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years 6 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较： We've been living here for ten years. We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
现在完成时的用法 一、概念 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。 二、理解： 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 四、基本用法： 1.已完成用法(影响性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作 在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时 说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：
He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(结果。如：他不在这个城市) Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果。如：窗户仍破着) Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗?(结果。如：你知道它在哪里吗?) I have bought two apples．我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） 【注】现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，just, yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning/month /year..., today等)连用。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。 2．未完成用法(持续性用法)。如：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。如： He has lived here since 1971. 自从1971年以来，他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于1971年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) We have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我们在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗？ We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。 The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直很热。
现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
现在完成时的构成和用法 I． 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段， recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：have或has。 6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. II．现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has + 过去分词 2. 现在完成时的主要用法 ⑴表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在 已经结束。 Someone has just turned off the light. 有人刚把灯关了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业。 ⑵表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能 仍在继续。 I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 我想看看从上次见到那地 方以来它发生了多大变化。 I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。 ⑶表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你曾去过颐和园吗? I have never had a car. 我从未有过汽车。 ⑷现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time…，It’s the first time …连用。 This is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车。 ⑸现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最…的。 It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。 3. 现在完成时的时间状语 ⑴常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. ⑵还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用， 如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等. ⑶since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。
英语中现在完成时的基本用法讲解 (含义：我对他有所了解了，现在能够谈谈他的情况了。 )Have you been to Paris?你去过巴黎吗?(含义：如果你去过，你可以谈谈巴黎的情况。 如果你没有去过，我建议你去看看，或者我现在给你介绍一下巴黎的情况。 )We have never heard of such a man.我们从来没有听说过这样的人。 (含义：因此我们对“他一无所知，你问我们也是白问。 )模仿造句：1.因此，我们以前参观莫斯科(Moscow)。 2.你弟弟去去印度(India)吗? 3.这些孩子从未用过电脑。 2.现在完成时，表示过去某种行为的结果对现在有直接的影响Tom has lost his pen.汤姆的钢笔已经丢了。 (含义：结果是现在没笔用，必须借一支笔，或者买一支笔。 )Dad, I have finished my homework.爸爸，我已经做完家庭作业了。 (含义：现在应该可以让我出去玩会或者看下电视了。 )He has gone to Hong Kong.他已经去香港了。 (含义：结果是他不在这里，你在这儿见不到他了。 )模仿造句：1.杰克已把铅笔弄断了。 2.妈，我已经吃过中饭了。 3.玛丽已经去广州了。 3.现在完成时，表示某经历的时间长度(一般用for引导的时间状
语)Mr. Smith has been in China for 10 years.史密斯先生在中国待过10年了。 (含义：他待的时间够长的了，他对中国的情况很熟了，或者他的中文自然讲得很棒了。 )Jane has stayed in Shanghai for 3 days.珍妮在上海待了两天。 (含义：珍妮待在上海的时间短，对这里的情况还很不熟悉，或者她不应该马上离开，应该多玩几天。 )I have taught English for 10 years.我已经教英语10年了。 (含义：我教英语的时间已经非常长了，有丰富的教学经验了。 )模仿造句：1.简(Jane)已经在杭州住了8年了。 2.我妈已经在这家公司工作20年了。 3.今天我已经练英语口语2个小时了。 本文作者：丹丹英语(公众号：英语语法学习)本文已获转载授权，版权归作者所有，如需转载，请联系原微信公众号“英语语法学习。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的练习题 A. Correct the following sentences. （改错） 1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine. 2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon. 3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford? 4. It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? 5. It's a long time since you come to see me. 6. Alice didn't see much of Henry lately. 7. I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam. B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning. 4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon. 5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. C. Make the best choices. 1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so. He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. —I have got a headache. —No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering