7
Thus electricity is seen to be a form of energy by which power be taken up at one place and rapidly---and generally very efficiently---delivered at another. 于是,电能被看作能量的一种形式，可把动力以电的形式迅速地，而且通常是非常高效率地由一个地方输送到另一个地方。
The process is similar to that performed at the transmit end, and the carriers are suppressed within the balanced modulation. 此项过程与发送端所进行的相似，载波被压制在平衡调制器内。
Pure oxygen must be given to patients in certain circumstances. 在某些情况下必须给病人纯氧气。
Because it is not heavy for the power it gives, a petrol engine is still used in small aircraft. 就功率来说，汽油发动机不算重，因此，现在的小型飞机仍然使用它。
Innovative glass technology has been driven by increasing concern with climate changes, energy conservation, and urban sustainability. 人类日益关注气候变化，关注节约能源和城市可持续发展，这推动了玻璃技术不断创新。
A lot has been found out about the journeys of migrating birds by marking the birds with aluminum rings put on one leg. 候鸟的旅行情况，很多是靠在鸟腿上套个铝环作标记查明的。
Pipes are often corroded by the oxygen in the air. 管子常被空气中的氧腐蚀。
Friction is also much diminished by proper lubrication. 适当的润滑也可以大大减少摩擦。
There are a number of significant top-level issues that must be addressed if a cooperative approach to human space exploration is to be pursued. 要寻求人类太空探测的合作途径，就必须应对一些至关重要的问题。
This latter decision was implied in 2004 by the budget projections released together with the VSE plan, and has never been explicitly countermanded. 后一项决定在2004年发布的预算案和新太空计划中就有所暗示，并且从未明确取消。
Meteorologists are currently trying to determine what proportion of the continent’s precipitation is produced in this way. 目前，气象学家门正在努力确定这个大路上的降水量中有多少是以这种方式产生的。
At one time, it was thought that nothing could possibly live very deep down in the oceans. 人们曾一度认为，海洋的深处不可能有生命，因为那里没有光线，而且极冷。
Assuming radiation losses to be 5%, calculate the amount of steam required. 假定辐射损耗为5%，试计算所需的蒸汽量。
They believe that they will bring to discussions of their participation in the VSE more bargaining power than has been in the case historically. 相对于以往，他们坚信在新太空计划的参与权上将会拥有更多的讨价还价的砝码。
In fact, the hole appears to move in response to an applied electric field, as though iswere a particle exhibiting both a positive charge and a positive mass. 实际上空穴似乎是随外加电场的作用而运动，好像它是带正电荷和具有正能量的粒子那样。
The ISS mechanism has worked, since the station is now reaching its final stage of assembly. 由于国际空间站正处于最后的装配阶段，它的运行机制已经在起作用。
Lunar surface systems make sense, of course, only when you have reached the Moon. 当然只有到达月球之后，月表探测系统才有意义。
6
A step-down transformer can reduce voltage to whatever is desired. 降压变压器能把电压降到所需的任何数值。
Attention is necessary to prevent the electronic instrument from damage. 必须注意，以防电子仪器损坏。
This paper aims at discussing the application of nuclear energy. 本文的目的是讨论核能的利用。
The increase in pressure with depth makes it difficult for man to go very deep far below the water surface. 压力随着深度增加，这使人类进入深水很困难。
Some operating conditions could produce elevated casing temperature presenting a fire hazard. 某些工作条件可能会使机壳的温度过高，从而引起火灾。
With the brain at work, all the parts of the body work most smoothly. 只有大脑处于工作状态，人体的各个部分才能正常工作。
Atoms are too small to be seen even with a powerful microscope. 原子太小了，即使用高倍显微镜也看不见。
We find almost all physical properties of matter influenced by heat. 我们发现，几乎物质所有的物理属性都受热的影响。
The study found a direct link between the amount of fish in the diet and the rate of death from heart disease. 这项研究发现，鱼在饮食中所占的比重与心脏病的死亡率有着直接的关系。
This phenomenon accounts for a lower density of ice than that of water. 这一现象表明，冰的密度比水的小。
We could use two resistors in series, or we could increase the value of the present single resistor. 我们可以用两个串联的电阻，或者我们可增加现有的一个电阻的组织。
An alternating current has not a constant direction, and it has no constant magnitude. 交流电没有固定的方向，并且大小也在变化。
The turns of line must be insulated from each other and from the iron, or the current will flow through short-circuits instead of flowing around the coil. 线圈的各线匝之间以及铁芯之间均应绝缘，否则，将产生短路而不能形成流经线圈的电流。
Positive frequencies are produced by anticlockwise rotation and negative frequencies by clockwise rotation. 逆时针旋转的频率为正，顺时针旋转的频率为负。
Look at crystals of table-salt under a magnifying glass and you will see that each crystal is a cube with 6 faces. 加入食盐放在放大镜下观察，你就会发现每粒食盐都是一个有六个面的立方体。
There exist neither perfect insulators nor perfect conductors, for all substances offer opposition to the flow of electric current. 没有绝对的绝缘体也没有绝对的导体，因为一切物体对电流都有阻力。
The material first used was copper for it is easily obtained in its pure state. 最先使用的材料是铜，因为铜易于炼取。
The average kinetic energy of the molecules is increased and temperature is raised. 分子的
平均动能增加了，因而温度也升高了。
The number of protons is equal to that of electrons and the whole atom is electrically neutral. 质子数与电子数相等，因而整个原子呈电中性。
Displacement is a vector and time is a scalar. 位移是矢量，时间是标量。
The longer the conductor is, the greater the resistance is. 导体越长，电阻越大。
All losses of energy in heat engines, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy. 热机中的能量损失尽管大，但是与能力守恒定律丝毫不矛盾。
The sort of lubricant which we use depends largely on the running speed of the bearing. 使用那种润滑剂主要依轴承转速而定。
Nuclear weapons, which are after all created by man, certainly will be eliminated by man. 核武器毕竟是人类制造的，一定会被人类所销毁。
Electricity which is passed through the thin tungsten wire inside the bulb makes the wire very hot. 当电通过灯泡里的钨丝时，会使钨丝达到很高的温度。
Such atoms are constructed that they lose electrons easily. 某些原子由于其结构上的原因容易失去电子。
Though the cost of venture would be immense, both in labour and power, many believe that iceberg towing would prove less costly in the long run than the alternative of desalination of sea water. 这种冒险的代价，不管是人力还是在能源消耗方面，都将是巨大的。然而，许多人认为看，冰山牵引最终会证明比海水脱盐法花费少。
It also plays an important role in making the earth more habitable, as warm ocean currents bring milder temperatures to places that would otherwise be quite cold. 由于温暖的洋流能把温暖的气候带给那些本来十分寒冷的地区并使之变暖，因此，海洋在使我们这个地球更适合人类居住方面也扮演一个重要角色。
The subject was discussed because of a general belief that very little feedback had been provided from the 1976 High Number Research Workshop. 之所以讨论这个题目，是因为人们普遍认为，1976年高雷诺数研究专题研讨会落实的东西太少。
The hydrogen produced by electrolysis is nearly pure, though rather more expensive than that obtained by the thermal cracking process. 用电解法生产的氢气几乎是完全纯的，虽然比热裂法生产的要昂贵一些。
Because energy can be changed from one form into another, electricity can be changed into heat energy, mechanical energy, light energy, etc. 能量从一种形式转换为另一种形式，所以电可以转变为热能、机械能、光能、等等。
Electric charges work when they move. 当电荷运动时，就做功。
As the sphere becomes larger, the waves become weaker. 随着范围的扩大，电波变得愈弱。
The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness, with a temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero. 水星背着太阳的一面终年黑暗，那里的温度只比绝对零度高几度。
An “alloy” steel is one which, in addition to the contents of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus, contains more than 1 percent of manganese, or more than 0.3 percent of silicon, or some other elements in amounts not encountered in carbon steels. 如果一种钢不仅含有碳、硫、磷，还含有1%以上的锰或0.3%以上的硅或者一些碳素钢中不包含其他的元素，那么这种钢便是“合金钢”。
The control system may include a man stationed in the power plant who watches a set of meters on the generator output terminals and makes necessary adjustments manually. 控制系统可
能包括一位派守在电厂的值班员，该值班员观察发电机输出终端的一整套仪表，并做一些必要的手动调整工作。
The arteries and veins do not allow anything to pass through their walls, but the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels, allow water and other small molecules to pass into the tissues. 大动脉和静脉不允许任何东西通过，然而最小的毛细血管，则可以让水分和其他微分子通过并进入组织。
When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. 由于风把砂粒刮起来，碰撞大岩石，久而久之，较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。
From an economic point of view, integrated circuits mean much lower costs through the use of automated mass production methods.从经济观点看，集成电路的成本之所以大大降低，是因为采用了自动化批量生产方法。
An infrared system could be useable in both anti-air and anti-ship engagements but its inherent disadvantages related to some dependence on optical visibility and to sensibility to interference from natural or man-made sources make it less attractive in the surface than in the air role. 红外系统既可以对空作战，也可用于对舰作战，但是它有两个固有的缺点：一时对光学能见度有一定的依赖性，而是易受天然或人工干扰源的干扰，因此，该系统的对空作用较之对舰的作用更为诱人。
From what is stated above, it is learned that the sun’s heat can pass through the empty space between the sun and the atmosphere that surrounds the earth, and that most of the heat is dispersed through the atmosphere and lost, which is really what happens in the practical case, but to what extent it is lost has not been found out. 由上述克制，太阳的热量可以穿过太阳与地球大气之间的真空，而大多热量在通过大气层时都扩散和消耗了。实际发生的情况正是如此。但是热量的损失究竟达到什么程度，目前尚未弄清。
Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltreated through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent monthes led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. 我们从经过这个走廊进来的人身上已缴获的文件，加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供，使我们相信，渗透的规模扩大了很多。
Despite the backwardness(in the communications)---or perhaps because of it--- China hopes to leapfrog into the digital era by bypassing many of the costly transitional technologies that industrial nations are now seeking to replace with more advanced digital systems. 尽管中国的通讯落后，或者说正是由于这种落后，中国希望跳跃式地进入通讯数字显示时代，一下子越过耗资巨大的过渡技术阶段。这些过渡技术，工业化国家正在寻求用先进的数字显示系统取而代之。
He had attached a wheel with a notched rim to the clock, connected this with the telegraph line, and so arranged it that every time the hour was reached, the right number of dots was automatically sent along the line by the turning of the wheel. 他把一个带有切口的齿轮装在钟上，再把他与电报线连接起来，这样安装后，每次到点时，正确的电码点数就靠轮子的转动自动地沿着电线发出了。
If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. 如果做父母的对这种青少年期的反映有所准备，而且意识到这是一个标志，表明
孩子正在成长，正在发展宝贵的观察力和独立的判断力，那么他们就不会感到如此伤心，所以也就不会因为愤恨而反对，迫使孩子产生反抗的心理。
It was our view that the United States could be effective in both the tasks outlined by the President-that is, of ending hostilities as well as of making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle East---if we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the equation.如果我们采取行动以便能够继续与中东问题各方面始终保持接触，那么我们美国就能效地担当起总统所提出的两个任务，那就是在中东结束敌对行动以及对该地区的永久和平做出贡献，这就是我们的观点。
The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the work. 第二个方面是全体社会成员（从政府官员到普通公民）都使用科学家们在工作中所采用的特殊思维方法和行为方法。
In a potentially important reversal of roles, a mainland Chinese electronics company based in Shenzhen has kickstarted a multi-billion dollar investment in Hongkong’s laggard high-technology sector by signing a contract with the Hongkong Government to take a site for planned US $312 million state-of-the-art semiconductor plant. 总部设在深圳的一家中国内地的电子公司与香港政府签订一项合同，参与建设已规划完毕总投资三亿一千两百万美元的第一流的半导体工厂。这家公司由此主动开始向香港发展迟缓的高科技领域注入几十亿美元的投资，此举体现香港与内地角色的呼唤，具有潜在的重要性。
A complete absence of oxygen and water in the moon makes it a dead world with no signs of life. 如果要用通常的方法来数银河系的星星，那么恐怕一辈子也数不清。
To count the stars in the Milky Way by ordinary methods would take more than a lifetime. 月球上完全没有水和氧，一次月球是一个绝无生命的死寂世界。
The kill probability against a tank has been calculated between 30% and 40%. 计算表明对坦克的击毁概率介于30%和40%之间。
There is the challenge, more clearly defined than ever before, t scientists to apply the results of science and technology for the benefit of mankind. 科学家们面临着比以往任何时候都更为明确的任务，即把科技成果造福于人类。
There is still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature of the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end. 人们仍然相信，普通的人要比自然的力量或者人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。
Adherence to one One-China Principle is the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification china. 坚持一个中国原则是实现和平统一的基础和前提。
5
A material which has the property of elasticity will return to its original size and shape when the forces producing strain are removed. 如果把产生的应变力去掉，具有弹性的材料就会恢复到它原来的体积和形状。
Being cooled in the air, this kind of steel becomes harder and harder.在空气中冷却之后，这种钢就变得越来越硬。
Having been well insulated, the wire may be used as a conductor.将金属线很好的绝缘后，就可以做导线。
Cooper has less resistance than aluminum for the same size wire, but aluminum, being much lighter in weight, has less resistance per unit of weight.对于同样粗细的电线来说，铜比铝的电阻小，但由于铝的重量狠轻，所以他单位重量的电阻较小。
The expanding gas rotates the blades of the turbine, thus giving up a large part of the power, which drives the compressor.热的膨胀着的气体转动涡轮的叶片，因而放出了大部分的动力，驱动了压缩机。
Some alloying elements make the grain of steel finer, thus increasing the hardness and strength of steel.某些合金元素可精化钢的晶体度，从而提高了钢的硬度和强度。
The photon, not having a material mass, maybe considered as having radiationmass.光子虽然没有物质质量，但可以认为它具有辐射质量。
Pure iron is a silver-white metal, melting at 1535 ℃.纯铁是银白色的金属，在1535摄氏度融化
Molecules vary considerable in size and weight, ranging from the tiniest macromolecules to the largest macromolecules.各种分子的大小和重量都有很大的差别，包括从最小的微分子到最大的宏观分子。
Judging by its conductivity, the metal may be aluminum.按其传导性来看，这种金属可能是铝。
A valence electron can move away from its atom, leaving it a hole.价电子能够脱离其原子，给原子留下一个空穴。
An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.静止的物体不具有动能，因为它的速度为零。
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium.电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。
A ferrous metal is chiefly made of iron.黑色金属是一种主要由铁构成的金属。
With the last-mentioned approach, water as supplied under the existing head is passed through an ejector whose diffuser creates a vacuum.就最后提高的方法而言，现有水头提供的水通过射流泵在其扩散管处形成真空。
Given the voltage and the current, the resistance can be determined according to Ohm’s.已知电压和电流，根据欧姆定律就可求出电阻。
The volume of a given weight of gas varies directly as the absolute temperature, provided the pressure does not change.如果压力不变，一定量的气体的体积就与绝对温度成正比。
The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving power compared with the optical microscope.与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨率。
The energy in coal and oil came from the sun, stored there by the plants of millions of years
ago.。煤和石油里的能量来自太阳，是由数万年前的植物储藏起来的。
This atom, with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus, is the element uranium, which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms.有92个电子围着又密集又复杂的原子核旋转的原子，就是元素轴。它似乎是天然原子中最复杂的原子了。
Hysteresis energy is a useful basis for the establishment of failure criteria in fatigue.在建立疲劳破坏准则时，迟滞能量石一个有用的依据。
For about the last 200 years, the structural theory has been developed by scientists, mathematicians and engineers, with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation.近200年来，科学家，数学家和工程师们发展了结构理论，其目的在于通过计算给结构物的设计工作提供可靠地基础。
With the base grounded，transistor Q4 is a very high impedance.当基极接地时，晶体管Q4便成为一个非常高的阻抗。
As an alternative to impedance functions, one can use a friction factor lookup table that relates the impedance between zones to the attractiveness between zones.作为阻抗函数的另外一种选择，可以采用摩擦系数查询表来描述小区之间的阻抗。
Some features of the nucleon structure emerge from these relations.这些关系式展示了核子结构的某些特性。
It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and under voltage.必须保护感应电动机，防止过载和欠压。
The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就像一把筛子，它把不同质量的分子分开。
To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量。
To ensure that the reaction progresses reasonably fast involves the closest contact between the small account of liquid phase and the much larger bulk of solid phase.为了保证反应进行得相当快，要求在少量液相和多得多得固相之间有最密切的接触
It is rather difficult to define this quantity precisely.对这个量要精确的下定义是相当困难的。
It is essential to earth the rotor shaft by an additional earthed brush.必须通过一个附加接地炭刷把转子大轴接地。
When oxygen is blown into molten pig iron ,silicon begins to oxidize first.当往熔融生铁中吹入氧气时，硅首先开始氧化。
The use of parallel circuit makes it possible to switch any light or appliance on or off without affecting other circuits.用并联电路使我们有可能开关任何电灯或电器而不影响到别的电路。
Insulation is to keep electrical conductors separated from each other and from other nearby objects.绝缘体使导线互相隔离并且不接触到其他物体。
The natural tendency of heat to flow from a higher to a lower temperature makes it possible for a heat engine to transform heat into work.热从高温流向低温的之一自然趋势使得热力机可以把热变为功。
To allow our silicon crystal to conduct electricity, we must find a way to allow some electrons to move from place to place within the crystal, in spite of the covalent bonds between atoms.为了让硅晶体导电，我们必须寻找一种方法让一些带点的电子在晶体内移动，尽管原子之间有共价键。
The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。
Though only 107 elements have beendiscovered,they combine in enough different ways to make the millions and millions of different things in the world.虽然只发现了107种元素，但是这些元素以不同的方式化合在一起的就会形成世界上无数的千差万别的东西。
In communications the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another .在通讯系统中，电子学要解决的问题是如何把信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方。
Short circuits would cause very strong currents to flow.短路会使得很大的电流流过。
Power makes machines run.动力使机器运转
Friction compels a body in motion to stop.摩擦迫使运动物体停止。
It was not until the 19thcentury ,when magnetism was shown to be the product of electricity ,that serious research into the nature of permanent magnetism began.知道19世纪证明了磁是电产生的时候，人们才开始对永久磁性的本质作认真的研究
Insulators are used to confine a current to the desired path.知道19世纪证明了磁是电产生的时候，人们才开始对永久磁性的本质作认真的研究
A minimum electric powersystem is shown in Fig.1,a combination of an energy source ,a prime mover,agenerator,and a load.最小的店里系统如图1所示，它由能源。原动机、发电机和负载构成。
The fact that electric currents passing through a wire produce heat is known to all.电流通过导线时产生热这一事实是众所周知的。
But electricity energy travels with the speed of light,about 186,000 miles in a second.但是电能以光速——大约每秒186000英里传播。
The creation of synthetic protein from petroleum to make food comes first on the list of current oil company ()search projects in some countries.从石油中提取的合成蛋白以制作的人造食品已被列为某国家石油公司的当前首要科研项。
The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
In these installations it is possible to increase Reynolds numbers by 3~9 times without further increase the velocity head and the drive power.在这类设备上，有可能将雷诺数提高3~9倍，而不用进一步提高速位差与驱动功率。
Magnets have characteristics similar to electric charges in that like magnetic Doles repel each other unlike magnetic Doles attract each other.磁铁具有与电荷相似的特性：同磁极相斥，异磁极相吸。
Without forces sufficient to overcome the resistance, bodies at rest will never move.没有足够以克服阻力的力，静止的物体绝不会运动。
It was postulated in the early days of the subject that electricity was a fluid or rather two fluids, preset equal quantities inside matter and that charging a body consisted of adding an excess of positive of negative felt it.在这门学科的发展早期曾经假设过：电流时一种流体，或确切的说是两股流体，这两股流体等量的存在于物体中，同时还假设，给物体充电就是给该物体加过量的正电流或负电流。
The work piece will pass through a series of rollers, each a little closer to the next one.工件将通过一系列轧轮，轧轮的间隔一次缩小。
The ultrasonic metal inspection is the application of ultrasonic vibrations to materials with elastic prop() and the observation of the resulting action of the vibrations in the materials.金属超声波探测，就是把超声波振动施予弹性金属材料，并观察振动在材料中产生的作用。
The rated current must be considered by dividing into pulse current peak current and
countyurgent which depend on the breakdown mode.额定电流被认为是由击穿模式决定的脉冲电流（峰值电流）和连续电流组成。
They will in general be divided in to a reflected train and a transmitted train whose relative intensities depend on the magnitude of the velocity changed at the boundary, on the abruptness of this change, and on() angle of incidence.它们一般会被分成反射波列，这两者的相对强度取决于界面上的速度变化的大小、变化的缓急度以及入射角的大小。
Surface wear can be caused by caused by either thermal stress or fatigue in the sliding faces.表面磨损或者是由滑动面的热应力引起，或者是由滑动面的疲劳损坏造成的。
It has been shown that water in the fluid can affect both the fluid integrity and the operational behavethe system.业已证明，液体中的水既会影响液体的完全性又会影响系统元件的工作特性。
①A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.”It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self —otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. ②学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？B. Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions. The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.”It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment. If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight”that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It
研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学
家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
1．Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in think tanks, mulled over by policymakers. In the US, the term, when it’s used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times last week, he encouraged the staff to do “a little more savoring” of life, spending time with their families or viewing art. 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的悠闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。 2．P. L. Travers, the author of the Mary Poppins books, put it best when she wrote, “You do not chop off a section of your imaginative substance and make a book specifically for children, for— if you are honest—you have, in fact, no idea where childhood ends and maturity begins. It is all endless and all one.” There is plenty for children and adults to enjoy in Rowling’s books, starting with their language. Her prose may be unadorned, but her way with naming people and things reveals a quirky and original talent. 《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟之极。她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们互相连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她的文风朴实，但是她给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。 3．Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake. 4．Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person’s stren gth, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 5．What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that “there’s one person out there that one is meant for” and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are roman tic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么？许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 6．Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that people’s early intimate relationships within
Unit 1 Translation of Text 如何应对恭维 H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。” 在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。 如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。” 我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。”随后便是长时间的停顿。这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。” 我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。别人赞美你的礼服，你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。如果你这么说，“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的，”你可能会感觉更好些。或者说“是我丈夫特为我挑选的”，这样还要好。 我认识一个潜心研究这种问题的人，他想出了一个办法来避开别人的表扬。他采取了一种不近情理的现实态度。一天夜里我无意中听到一位妇女对他说，“你的肩膀真有力啊！”他眼睛眨也没眨就回答道：“四分之三的水。我的身体有四分之三是水，所以我的肩膀有四分之三是水。任何有四分之三是水的东西实际上是不可能有力的。”这位好心的妇女低声嘀咕着，皱着眉头走开了。我想这个家伙回答的方式有问题。 我们当中有许多人试图用俏皮话来应对恭维。例如，有人热情洋溢地说道，“久闻您的大名。”“我想，不是什么好名声吧，”这是标准的回答。这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的规定之中。它也许会让我惊骇不已，因为我本人很不善于说俏皮话。最近我听到一位年轻人赞美一个女孩，说她像明星格丽泰·嘉宝一样，美若天仙。“奉承让你走遍天下，”她回答道。我想，这个回答相当不错。但是，在千百次的应对中才会有一句真正
LESSON 1 1.因为英语是个杀手,正是英语造成了坎伯兰语,康沃尔语,诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡.在这 些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言.然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在.所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语.英语对现存的凯尔特语:爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧、,性别歧视的情况类似"）的偏见密 切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为 世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势， 例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言， 在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处， 同时尽可能避免招来灾难。 LESSON 2 1.年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年7月1日美国教育部宣布有8652所学校被列 为“长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否 要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。 ２.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。３.我们必须对公众负责，不过我们必须研究所有衡量指标。 ４.一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出“足够的年度改进”就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。 ５.教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监Eugene Hickok 也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长Rod Paige 已经向各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国。他说，即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校生比较困难”，但“法律就是法律”。 ６.Wooten 说，“人很容易放弃自我，而去赶别人的潮流，但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢？” LESSON ４ １.无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品，同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区别于其他结合形式的独立特征。不管怎样，所有这些打破传统的结合方式一直以来都是建立在亚当一夏娃模式的异性恋基础之上的。 ２.有报告说曾发生过外星人为了做繁衍后代实验而绑架地球人的事件，但不论这些报道是否只是人们的幻觉，地球人探索宇宙寻找外星人却是事实。
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译 Unit 1 核心员工的特征 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。 Unit 4 爱和情感连系 1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和
南京航空航天大学 2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:842 满分:150 分 科目名称:翻译与写作（英语） 注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！ Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points) （1） The quantum hypothesis explained the observed rate of emission of radiation from hot bodies very well, but its implications for determinism were not realized until 1926, when another German scientist, Werner Heisenberg, formulated his famous uncertainty principle. In order to predict the future position and velocity of a particle, one has to be able to measure its present position and velocity accurately. The obvious way to do this is to shine light on the particle. Some of the waves of light will be scattered by the particle and this will indicate its position. However, one will not be able to determine the position of the particle more accurately than the distance between the wave crests of light, so one needs to use light of a short wavelength in order to measure the position of the particle precisely. Now, by Planck’s quantum hypothesis, one cannot use an arbitrarily small amount of light; one has to use at least one quantum. This quantum will disturb the particle and change its velocity in a way that cannot be predicted. Moreover, the more accurately one measures the position, the shorter the wavelength of the light that one needs and hence the higher the energy of a single quantum. So the velocity of the particle will be disturbed by a larger amount. In other words, the more accurately you try to measure the position of the particle, the less accurately you can measure its speed, and vice versa. （2） The beauty of our country is hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and large countries we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round corner. We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small place. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things——mountains, plains, rivers, lakes——to the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains. （3） About dusk the snow will stop, and by full dark a high, white moon will come sailing in like a galleon, and an icy, diamond powdering of stars will follow. In the blue-and-silver night there are no blurred edges. This is the time of clarity, of cutting beauty. Out in the night there will be no sound except of branches clicking together and a vast, far skein of wind flung down from the sky. I know if I sit here long enough by the window, I will see the red conflagration of dawn, and in the new day there will be the wonderful gifts that only brilliant winter day after a storm brings: the shattering scarlet of redbirds at the back-yard feeder. It will be a day to sweep the path to the bird feeders and put out seed and withered apples like old ladies’ cheeks for the impatient animals.
第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝