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2020年职称英语考试真题及答案(综合类C级) US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. (46) 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. (47) 3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. (48)It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 (49) The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. (50)
试卷一 I. Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed. A. matter B. things C. material D. substance 2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. A. negative B. positive C. active D. passive 3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents. A. translated B. transported C. transformed D. transmitted 4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area. A. numerous B. abundant C. plenty D. substantive 5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch. A. live on B. live in C. live through D. live up to 6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology. A. account B. allow C. apply D. arrange 7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. A. On account B. In honor C. In place D. On behalf 8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. A. obtain B. earn C. develop D. benefit 9. I raced to_______ Jill. A. keep on B. keep up with C. come up with D. come up to 10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______. A. decisive B. decisions C. decide D. decided 11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying." A. simple B. simply C. similar D. simplify 12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits. A. Continuously B. Consequently C. Constantly D. Consistently 13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear. A. interpretation B. representation C. illustration D. draw 14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps. A. scene B. scenery C. scarce D. scare 15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels. A. retreated B. refreshed C. recovered D. reminded 16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building. A. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely 17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this." A. feel B. fail C. defeat D. lost 18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy. A. went into B. went around C. went by D. went on 19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores. A. export B. bargain C. retail D. trade 20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet. A. preferable B. ready C. available D. considerable II. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. Put things back _______ you found them.
英语分级测试 第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 (2) 第二篇City Design 城市设计 (4) 第三篇Population 人口 (6) 第四篇Earthquake 地震 (7) 第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill----英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 (9) 第六篇Green Computers“绿色’’电脑 (11) 第七篇Cell Phones手机 (12) 第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术 (13) 第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活 (15) 第十篇Carbon Emissions碳排放 (16) 第十一篇Marine Pollution海洋污染 (17) 第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 (18) 第十三篇Market Economy市场经济 (19) 第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 (20) 第十五篇The Internet互联网 (21) 十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想 (22) 十七篇3G Technology技术 (23) 十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存 (24) 十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖 (25) 二十篇Alternate Energies替代能源 (26) 二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料 (27) 二十二篇Coal Chemicallndustry煤化学工业 (28) 二十三篇Resource Curse资源诅咒 (30) 二十四篇Company Management公司管理 (31) 二十五篇Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才库 (32) 二十六篇Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀 (33) 二十七篇Chinese Oil Market中国石油市场 (34) 二十八篇0il Trade石油贸易 (35) 二十九篇How I Lost My Head in the Volcanic Ash Cloud令人发疯的火山灰 (36) 三十篇Project Management项目管理 (37)
UNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福 In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient. 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。 Step 1: Peace and quiet Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good. 第一步：平和宁静乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。 Step 2: Relationships This is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on. 第二步：人际关系这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。 Step 3: Share If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 第三步：分享如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。 1.What's the happiness formula according to the passage?(The formula refers to H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make).) 2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?(Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.) 3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?(If we need our TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.) 1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset. 2．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness. 3．我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage our wellbeing. 4．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression. 5．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。We should not avoid these problems but face them instead. There are many benefits to being happy. Happier people tend to be healthier, live longer and eam more. They also tend to volunteer more, be better at relationships and smile more of w hat psychologists call “Duchenne" or genuine smiles. What is less well understood is why happiness is contagious. 幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”，即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是，为什么幸福可以传染。 According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis, authors of the international bestseller Connected, people surrounded by many happy friends, family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become significantly happier in the future. More specificallyi they say we will become 25 per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a mile of us becomes significantly happier with his or her life. 全球畅销书《关联》的作者詹姆斯·福勒和尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯发现，如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的朋友、家人与邻居，那么你将也会很幸福。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就会增加25%。 Similar effects are seen in co-resident spouses (8 per cent happier); siblings who live within a mile of each other (14 per cent); and next-door neighbours (34 per cent). What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact (due to physical proximity) than on deep social connections. Alas, for some reason this doesn't translate to the workplace. 具有同样效果的还有同居配偶（幸福感提升8%）、居住在1英里之内的兄弟姐妹(14%)和邻居(34%)。这意味着，幸福传播的强度似乎更取决于交往的频繁度（与地域邻近相关），1而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因，这并不适用于工作场合。 So, why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people share their good fortune with their friends and family (for example, by being pragmatically helpful or financially generous). Another reason could be that happy people tend to change their behaviour for the better by being nicer or less hostile to those close to them. Or it could just be that positive emotions are highly contagious. 那么，为什么幸福能够传染？一个原因或许是，幸福的人会与亲朋好友分享好运气（例如，提供实际的帮助，或在经济上慷慨解囊）。另一个原因可能是，幸福的人往往会改善自己的行为，会对周围的人更加友好，或减少敌意。又或许只是因为正面情绪具有高度传染性。
高化公司2009年初级任职资格外语考试试卷 英语 （120分钟内完成） 单位：姓名： 一、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分） 短文1（15分） A breakthrouth in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades,if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field,according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra,near Milan. The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community’s solar energy program,Mr.Joachim Gretz,told journalists that at present levels of research spending,it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the Community’s energy requirements even after the year2,000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums,devoted by the EEC to this work it was impossible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade. Mr.Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three per cent of the EEC’s need,this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year.And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be
AAPG(American Association of Petroleum Geologists) 美国石油地质学家协会 API(American Petroleum Institute) 美国石油协会 automotive engine oil 车用机油 brake fluid 剎车油 coal field 煤田 crude 原油 crude oil 原油 diesel oil 柴油 drilling 钻井 EA(Environmental Assessment) 环境评价 energy conservation 节约能源 fuel oil 燃料油 gasoline 汽油 exploration 探勘 filling station 加油站 LNG(liquefied natural gas) 液化天然气 LPG(liquefied petroleum gas) 液化石油气 motor oil 车用机油 offshore drilling 海域钻井 oil industry 石油工业
oil refinery 炼油厂 oil well 油井 petrochemicals 石油化学产品 petroleum geology 石油地质学 petroleum industry 石油工业 petroleum products 石油产品 pipeline 管线 premium gasoline 高级汽油 quality control 质量管理 quantitative analysis 定量分析 refinery 炼油厂 refining 炼油 tank lorry 油罐车 ultimate recovery 最终开采量，最大总产量unleaded gasoline 无铅汽油 solid body 固体 solid state 固态` air pollution 空气污染 gross national product 国民生产总值chemical products 化工产品 applied chemistry 应用化学 chemical engineering 化学工程
2017年职称英语考试真题及解析 1．Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality． A)demand B)rely on C)prepare for D)create 1．A insist on：坚持。与demand(要求；强求)意思比较接近。The Labour Party has demanded an explanation from the government．工党已要求政府作出解释。rely on：依靠。We have to rely on him for the tickets．我们不得不靠他搞票。prepare for：为……做准备。I have been preparing for the final exam．我一直在准备期末考试。create：产生；创建。His work created enormous interest in England．他的作品在英格兰引起很大关注。 2．Since the Great Depression，the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A)slight B)surprising C)sudden D)harmful 2．D damaging：有损害的。与harmful(有害的)意思相近。The rays of the sun，in excess，can be very harmful．过量的阳光可能会非常有害。slight：少量的。He has a slight German accent．他有一点德国口音。surprising：令人吃惊的。It was surprising that the little girl could answer this question．小女孩能回答这个问题，令人吃惊。sudden：突然的。There was a sudden drop in the temperature last night．昨夜气温突然下降。 3．Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. A)crudely B)rarely C)originally D)symbolically 3．B seldom：很少；不常。与rarely(难得；不常)意思相近。I rarely get up early on Sundays．星期天我很少早起。crudely：粗糙地；粗野地。Everyone was dressed in crudely sewn shorts and shirts．人人都穿着缝制得很粗糙的短裤和衬衫。originally：原来；创造性地。I stayed longer than I had originally planned．我逗留的时问比原来计划的要长。symbolically：象征性地：The park was decorated symbolically.公园只是象征性地装点了一下 4 Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A)velocities B)impulses C)ratios D)atrocities 4．A speed：速度。与velocity(速度；快速)的意思相近。Scientists spent years studying the velocity of light．科学家们花了许多年研究光速。impulse：冲动。0n impulse，I went into the shop and bought this expensive watch．在一时冲动下，我走进商店，买下了这块昂贵的手表。ratio：比，比率。The ratio of pupils to teachers is 30 to 1．学生与教师之间的比例是30比1。atrocity：暴行。They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities．他们犯有最野蛮、最不人道的暴行。 5．The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician． A)doctor B)professor C)physicist D)resident 5．A physician：内科大夫。doctor：大夫。professor：教授。physicist：物理学家。resident：居民。
职称英语词汇汇总 1．abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于；遵守 2．be absent from.... 缺席，不在 3．absence or mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4．absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意力（被动语态）；be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近；be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on 5．(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有6．access(to) （不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解 7．by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地，意外。Without accident (=safely) 安全地 8．of one’s own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地，主动地 9．in accord with 与……一致 out of one’s accord with 同……不一致 10．with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地 11．in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据 12．on one’s own account 1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益 2）(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3）(=by oneself) 依靠自己 on account 赊账；on account of 因为；on no account 不论什么原因也不；of ……account 有……重要性。 13．take... into account (=consider) 把……考虑进去 14．give sb. an account of 说明，解释（理由） 15．account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明 16．on account of (=because of) 由于，因为 17．on no account (=in no case, for no reason) 绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装） 18．accuse...of... (=charge...with; blame sb. for sth.; blame sth. on sb.; complain about) 指控，控告 19．be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to) 习惯于
一. Shopping Around the Web网上购物 1. A Saturday afternoon in mid-December: not a good time to be hanging around San Francisco's Union Square, the city's premier shopping district. Hundreds of people laden with purchases battle along the pavements, search despairingly for scarce taxis or struggle to get through Macy's doors. It is enough to put anybody off shopping for life. 1. 在十二月中旬的周六下午，去旧金山的主要商业区联合广场逛街可不是件轻松的事。成百上千的人带着大大小小的购物袋拥挤在人行道上，有的在拼命地寻找着出租车，有的在尽力地挤出莫西商场的门口。这种经历足以让所有人从此对购物望而却步。 2. But wait: surely Christmas shopping in l999 was different? After all, this is close to Silicon Valley, the center of the Internet revolution and the new economy, the land of the tieless billionaires who bought all their presents online at midnight the day after Thanksgiving. Yet the crowds in Union Square last December were as bad as ever. They seemed oblivious of a large billboard advertisement above their heads for one of the Bay Area's many https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d16535442.html,s, which flashed the message: "Say Goodbye to the Mall." And they paid no attention to the advertisement on many of their shopping bags that pointed a way out of their predicament: "Online Shopping. No Experience Needed." 2．但是且慢，1999年的圣诞购物应该有所不同吧？毕竟靠近网络革命和新经济的中心棗硅谷。在这里那些不戴领带的百万富翁们早在感恩节第二天的午夜就把礼物买好了。然而去年的联合广场依旧是人潮如涌。他们似乎根本就看不见头顶上一家海湾地区的网络公司所做的大幅广告，上面闪烁着“对商场说再见吧”的字样。许多购物袋上印着的“在线购物，勿须经验”的广告给人们指明了摆脱购物困扰的途径，但他们也熟视无睹。 3. Electronic commerce, it seems, still has its limited, even in California. For all the feverish excitement about the tripling of electronic shopping last holiday season, the total spent by American consumers online still amounted to only about l% of all retail sales-- barely a tenth of the revenues from another method of distance selling that has been in use for a century: the catalogue. And the electronic shopping was concentrated on quite a narrow range of goods: mainly books, toys and music. Worse, the holiday season threw up as many stories of failed and late deliveries as of explosive growth. And, more recently, a string of hackers' attacks have temperedly disabled some of the best-known e-commerce websites. Perhaps retailers in the physical world need not lose much sleep over the Internet, or at least not yet? 3．看来即使在加州，电子商务也存在着局限。虽然上一个假日人们为电子购物营业额增长了两倍而欣喜若狂，但所有美国人在线购物额也不过是总零售额的1％，仅是目录购物棗已有一百多年历史的另一种远程购物方式棗的十分之一。另外，电子购物仅仅局限于某些商品，主要是书籍、玩具。音乐等。更为糟糕的是，假日期间伴随着业务增长的喜讯的是一起又一起的投递失败和晚点的事件。近来一系列的黑客攻击事件导致一些著名电子商务网站暂时关闭。或许现实世界中的零售商还用不着为因特网失眠，或者至少现在不用？ 4. Yet they are losing sleep, and are right to be doing so, for three reasons. The first is that mighty oaks from tiny acorns do grow. Electronic commerce may not amount to much at the moment, but it is growing very fast. In business-to-business transactions, in particular, the advantages and cost savings to be had from dealing on the Internet have caused e-commerce to mushroom. At present, such transactions account for as much as 80% of all e-commerce, which, according to Forrester Research, an Internet consulting firm, added up to over $150 billion last year. Forrester predicts that by 2003 that figure could reach over $3 trillion. But even in the business-to-consumer field, the main subject of this survey the growth of online commerce has been extremely fasl--despite consumers' undoubted attachment to their traditional methods of shopping. 4．然而，他们失眠了。有三条理由使得他们的担心不是妃人忧天。首先，橡果虽小，足以长成参天大树。电子商务目前看来虽不足为虑，但其增长速度很快。尤其在商家对商家的交易模式中，由于因特网交易的优势和成本的降低，使得此类电子商务迅速增长。现在商家对商家的交易模式的交易量占电子商务总交易量的80％。根据一家因特网咨询公司，弗里斯特调查公司的调查，去年电子商务交易总额达1，500多亿美元。弗里斯特调查公司预言到2003年这一数字将达到3万亿美元。即使在这次调查的主要项目，商家对消费者的交易模式中，其增长速度也极为迅速，尽管消费者仍旧对传统的购物方式难以割舍。 5. The second reason concerns critical mass. In many areas of retailing and commerce, the Internet is unlikely to capture more than a few percentage points of the market for several years to come. But even a small share can quickly start to have a big effect. In the travel business, for instance, margins are so thin that a loss of only 3-5% of the market to the Internet threatens to drive large numbers of traditional travel agents out of business. According to https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d16535442.html,, an online retailers' group, in l999 online penetration of the American travel market had already reached almost 2%. 5．第二个原因跟临界点有关。在商业和零售业的许多领域，因特网在几年中不会占据太多的市场份额，但是这一部分份额可能会产生巨大的影响。例如在旅游业中，由于利润空间狭小，即使失去3－5％的份额也会使大量的传统旅游代理失去饭碗。根据一家在线零售集团，shop．org的统计，1999年在线旅游业务已占据了美国旅游市场总额的将近2％。 6. The third reason is more worrying still: traditional retailers, for all the strengths of their brand names and their existing relationships with suppliers and customers, have found it extraordinarily hard to compete online. There are formidable obstacles that stand in the off