中国石化英语分级测试
第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 (2)
第二篇City Design 城市设计 (3)
第三篇Population 人口 (4)
第四篇Earthquake 地震 (5)
第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill----英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 (6)
第六篇Green Computers“绿色’’电脑 (7)
第七篇Cell Phones手机 (8)
第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术 (9)
第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活 (10)
第十篇Carbon Emissions碳排放 (11)
第十一篇Marine Pollution海洋污染 (12)
第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 (13)
第十三篇Market Economy市场经济 (14)
第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 (15)
第十五篇The Internet互联网 (16)
十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想 (17)
十七篇3G Technology技术 (18)
十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存 (19)
十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖 (20)
二十篇Alternate Energies替代能源 (21)
二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料 (22)
二十二篇Coal Chemicallndustry煤化学工业 (23)
二十三篇Resource Curse资源诅咒 (24)
二十四篇Company Management公司管理 (25)
二十五篇Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才库 (26)
二十六篇Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀 (27)
二十七篇Chinese Oil Market中国石油市场 (28)
二十八篇0il Trade石油贸易 (29)
二十九篇How I Lost My Head in the V olcanic Ash Cloud令人发疯的火山灰 (30)
三十篇Project Management项目管理 (31)
第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福
In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。
Step l: Peace and quiet 第一步：平和宁静
Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. 乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. 巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。 If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV,radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。
Step 2: Relationships 第二步：人际关系
This is the most important of all the extemal conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. 这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。 A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery . 与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。 When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to moveon.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。 Step 3: Share 第三步：分享
If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。
阅读理解
1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?
答案：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make)．
2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?
答案：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses aIld we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intruslve noise.
3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?
答案：If we need our TV, radio or muslc up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.
4. Where does the unhappiness come from?
答案：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.
5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?
答案：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to move on.
第二篇City Design 城市设计
When I'm being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldn't help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. The world's cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels．当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正在不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。
In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new urbanism. In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods. The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.针对上述情况，我们可以看到一种新城市主义的理念正在兴起。在短短的几年内，许多城市的人行道上不再允许停车，新建和改造了更多的停车场，建立了一套以公共汽车为基础的极为成功的快速运行系统，兴建了数百公里的自行车道和步行街，高峰时段的交通拥挤得以减缓，种植了更多的树木，并吸收当地市民直接参与社区的改善工作。城市设计以人为本的理念使这些城市的生活质量有了很大的提高。
Now govemment planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. Cars promise mobility. But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city. After a point, as their numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobility but immobility. 现在，各地政府的规划者们都在尝试寻找为了人而不是为汽车设计城市的方法。汽车应带给人们活动的便捷。但是在一个不断城市化的世界里，存在着一个根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽车与城市之间的矛盾。超过一个临界点之后，随着汽车数量的累加，汽车提供的不再是便捷，而是停滞。
Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increase urban mobility by moving away from the car. Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars. A city full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted - all mechanism and no human. In order to avoid this disaster, we'd better start designing sustainable cities. 基于这个观点，无论在发达的工业国家还是发展中国家，一些城市将会通过远离汽车来极大增加市区的通畅。让我再次提醒你，城市是为了人，不是为了汽车而建设的。挤满汽车的城市就像恐怖的科幻小说里描绘的——全是机械，没有人性。为了避免这场灾难，我们最好开始设计可持续发展的城市。
阅读理解：
1. What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center?
答案：(He takes)a bus.
2. According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars?答案：Cars not only do harm to people's health but also cause heavy traffic jam.
3. What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people”in paragraph 2 mean? 答案：Design cities for people not (for) cars.
4.Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas?答案：Because people depend largely on cars.
5.How would a city look like if cars were everywhere?
答案：There would be all cars (mechanism) no human.
第三篇Population 人口
A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount ofland and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population ifit continues to grow at its present rate. 在我们这个星球上居住的人越来越多，是一个很重要的全球问题。如果继续按照现有的增长率发展下去，那么有限的土地及土地资源很快不能养活这么巨大的人口。
So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as "Death Control".那么为什么会出现人口的大量增长呢？这的确是因为知识的广泛传播和众所周知的“死亡控制”的结果。 You have no doubt heard of the term "Birth Control". "Death Control" is something rather different. 毫无疑问，你肯定听到过“生育控制”这个术语。“死亡控制”是大不相同的。It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. 它承认了医生和科学家的工作，现在他们能够留住那些患有各种各样绝症的病人的生命。而这些绝症在不久之前还是不可治愈的。Through a wide variety of technological innovations that"include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.通过大范围的技术创新，其中包括耕作方法和对绝症的控制，我们已经找到降低死亡率的方法。然而，正是这项成功给人类带来最大的威胁。
If we examine the amount ofland available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths ofthe world's land cannot produce food. 如果计算一下维持不断增长的人口所需的土地量，我们就能意识到这个问题。如果这个星球上的每个人都平均分一块土地，我们每个人会拥有五万平方米。这个数字看似相当振奋人心，而当我们计算一下每个人的实际可用耕地之后，就知道情况不太乐观了。因为世界上超过3/5的土地都不能生产粮食。
Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its "capital" - its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades(3). We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. 显然，能够养活我们的耕地如此之少，我们就应该想方设法不要让耕地继续减少下去。但是，我们并没有这样做！反而我们正在消耗它的“本钱”——其不可再生的化石燃料与其它矿藏，它们是在几百万年的时间里才形成的，然而现在，几十年内就会被消耗殆尽。我们对待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然资源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百万与我们共同居住在地球上的物种。
阅读理解：
1. What can be learnt about the population growth at present?
答案：It continues to increase／grow at its present rate.
2. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?
答案：Death Control
3. What is the doctors'job according to paragraph ？
答案：They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive.?
4.Why isn't there enough land to support human beings
答案：Because the world's land has already been taken up／occupied by the ever-increasing population.
5.In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are considered as____.
答案：nonrenewable
第四篇Earthquake 地震
Earthquakes may be ranked as one of the most devastating force known to men; since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in millions and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss oflife has been due to collapse of buildings and effects of rock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves. 地震是人类所知的最具有破坏力的自然灾害之一。自从有记载以来，估计由地震造成的死亡达数百万以上，地震造成的破坏更是不计其数。地震造成的破坏如此之大，死亡如此之多，主要是由于地震引发的建筑物倒塌、岩石崩落、洪水、火灾、疾病等现象造成的，而不是由于地震本身。
The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey and the Alpine regions. They may happen anywhere at any time. 大多数地震发生在两个独特的地理位置。一个是环太平洋地区及相邻的大陆架，另一个是从印度东部延伸到阿特拉斯山脉，其中包括喜马拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿尔卑斯地区。那里随时随地都可能发生地震。
This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, pattems of movements in the earth's crust, variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field and the frequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strikecl). As a result, worldwide earthquake waming network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected. 几个世纪以来，这种对于地震的未知性更大大地增加了地震的可怕和恐惧性。但近几年来已有迹象表明地震预测是可能的。通过分析动物行为的变化，地壳运动的方式，地球磁场和地心引力的变化以及监测到的轻微地震的频率，科学家在预测地震发生的时间和地点上已取得了不断的成功。因此，世界性地震预警网络已经运转，而且已经帮助人们对大范围的破坏做好准备，而这些破坏也可能是完全不能预料的。
It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs. 人类是否能完
全控制地震并消除它的破坏力还未可知。但是，随着我们对地震发生的方式和原因有了更多的了解，在地震发生之前，我们就能更好地应对可能造成的破坏。
阅读理解：
1. What are the causes ofthe great part ofthe damage and loss oflife?
答案：Collapse ofbuildings and the effects ofrock slides, floods, fire, disease and other phenomena from earthquakes.
2. Where are the two most active earthquake belts in the world?
答案：The area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses, East Indians to the Atlas Mountains.
3. What fact does "element ofthe unknown" in paragraph 3 refer to?
答案：It refers to the fact the earthquakes can happen anywhere at any time.
4. What four ways are used to anticipate earthquake activity?
答案：a) analyzing changes in animal behavior b) pattems ofmovements in the earth's crust
c) variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field
d) observation of the frequency ofminor earth tremors。
5.What is the author's attitude toward the possibility of earthquake predictions?
答案：Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.