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中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义

中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义
中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义

中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义

【错题回顾】

错题一.Are You Right Handed or Left Handed?

Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward(别扭的).

In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.

What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude(得出结论)that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes.

However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming.

Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually(在视觉方面). In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.

If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember.

52. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .

A. may be more talkative and outgoing

B. are ordinary people like right-handers

C. might remember everyday things better

D. no longer need to use right-handed tools

学生解答:52. D

正确答案:52. B

解析:全文并没有明确的信息判断。讲述善用左手,或右手及双手的人在some aspects上的不同。A选项与文中信息相反,C选项应是mixed handed 的判断,D选项无论属于无中生有的信息,故选B。

错题二.

Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored?

Children need time to stand and stare. They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative.

Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.

Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped here in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling here time with short stories and poems she made up.

Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.

Dr. Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning. “Boredom could be an unc omfortable feeling,” she said. “But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively. So sometimes they may break a classroom window, or drive a car out for a mad race.”

Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the computer, or the phone. Their time on these things has increased, yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them.

It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination. On the other hand, the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process. That can be harmful to the development of creativity. “For developing the ability to be creative,” Dr. Belton advised, “perhaps we need to stand and stare, and stay off-line from time to time.”

55. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely.

B. It’s much better for children to be busy than be bored.

C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly.

D. It’s boring for children to think about their experiences.

学生解答:55. B

正确答案:55. A

解析:A:作者通过论述和事例,详细向读者阐明boredom的好处--- 对于创作的重要意义,此选项正确。B:文章第二段已经说明,时刻处于忙碌状态,没有任何时间去思考,实际上会阻碍想象、创作,此选项错误。C:文章并没有此观点,此选项错误。D:文章倒数第二段最后一句话说,花时间去思考他们的经历是有必要的,而不是无聊的,此选项错误。

错题三.

New Technology Revolutionizes(变革) Learning

More and more people believe that technologies are great for learning. Today, such teaching tools as iPads are used in a lot of courses, including language, history and science.

Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning. They say that students now have much more time for discussion in the classroom.Instead of spending valuable class time listening to texts or watching teaching videos, students can do this on their own and come to class prepared for discussion.

The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace.

Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it, so they

can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to

listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it. Using iPads is especially helpful to students who are learning a language at different paces.

The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy. They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn (such as listening to stories and watching movies). The class has become much more interesting and creative.

There are other advantages for students. By using iPads, they can pay more attention to the material and learn more. Teaching notes are stored in their iPads and are easy to find .Some students spend more time studying now. “I can listen to my language material or watch teaching videos on the bus, instead of having to wait until I get home,” a student explained.

Many adults complain that technologies such as iPads are doing harm to students. They worry that students might use iPads to download teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams. Some believe that iPads may separate students from each other. If a student spends more time watching videos on an iPad, he will have fewer opportunities to have face-to-face communication with others.

However, technologies are already a part of most students’ day-to-day lives. As for cheating, teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams. Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part. We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom.

55. The writer probably agrees that____.

A. teachers can take control of students’ learning

B. exam results depend a lot on now technology

C. technology in education has a bright future

D. note-taking is as helpful as video-watching

学生解答:55. A

正确答案:55.C

解析:根据短文最后一段We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom. 可知作者认为iPads 及其他的技术在教育中将有光明的前景。故选C。

错题四.

The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you’ll agree that the name and the product are connected in the everyone’s mind.

In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is. In the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations (联系).The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.

When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image(形象)in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first

brand name—Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word —which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge (要价)up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.

54. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names

B. Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale

C. The government often does business with naming companies

D. It is considered necessary for cars to be names after animals

学生解答:54. A

正确答案:54. B

解析:根据文章第一段第一句话The right name is important in the business world.和最后一段的最后两句话These companies can charge (要价)up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development. 我们可以知道,好的品牌名字对公司来说很重要,而且很多公司愿意花高价来买个好的品牌名字,以此来促进商业发展所以,A选项错误,B选项正确。

错题五.

Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.

These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:

★ 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.

★ 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.

★ 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.

★ 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.

★ 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.

★ 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together.

The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.

55. From the passage, we can know _________.

A. we should look up new words before reading

B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage

C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English

D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English

学生解答:55. A

正确答案:55. B

解析:根据第一段中In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story. 可知,有时候阅读一篇科学文章很难。所以,选项B正确;

又根据文中第3步Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary. 可知,没必要每一个新单词在阅读之前都要查字典。所以,A选项错误。

【知识点精讲】

一.考情分析:

阅读理解中的推理判断这类题要求考生通过阅读能根据上下文获取文章的具体信息并且进行简单的推理和判断。

二.命题趋势:

从近五年中考题来看,C、D篇阅读理解比A、B篇文章篇幅长、难度大,推理判断这种题型一般出现在C、D这两篇阅读理解中,要求考生从整体上把握全文的思想脉络,并进行归纳总结和推理判断。

三.解题技巧:

1. 抓住特定关键信息,进行正向或逆向推理。

2. 利用作者的思想感情进行推断。

3. 根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论。

4. 结合常识进行推断

【典型例题及相似题练习】

练习一Buying Is Doing?

How important is shopping to you? How much time do you spend buying things? And how much time do you spend organizing these things in your home? In the future, how much time will you spend in movie theaters, at amusement parks, at shopping malls, or at convenience stores? When you add it all up, you will probably see you spend a lot of your life consuming(消费)things. Consuming products is not necessarily bad. However, if we spend too much time doing it, we should look at it carefully.

Imagine that you hav e a week off from school. You don’t have to go to class. However, in this week, you cannot spend any money ----- no shopping, no movies, no eating out. How would you spend your time? What things would bring you happiness? Perhaps you would take a walk with your best friend. Perhaps you would help a child read. Or you might spend time with your family.

When we look back, it is likely that non-consuming experiences like these will be our most important memories. Why? Non-consuming activities are active, not passive. They don’t come in a package. You make the experience yourself. For example, each person who reads to a child will have a different experience. The experience changes with the reader, the child, and the book. Similarly, when you have a conversation with a friend, you are actively creating an experience. The conversation that you have with your friend cannot be experienced or recreated by anyone else. However, if you watch a movie with a friend, you will each have a package experience. It requires no action and

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