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英语人教版九年级全册中考专项复习

年中考英语专习专题一

Grammar Revision 名词(Nouns)

考点解读:中考对于名词的考查主要侧重以下几点:

1.可数名词的复数。

2. 不可数名词的量。

3.名词所有格的用法。

4. 名词的句法作用。

5.词义辨析。

6. 名词与主谓一致。

考查形式主要有:完形填空、完成句子、短文填空等题型。

复习目标:

1、知道名词的分类

2、掌握可数名词的复数(规则变化和不规则变化)

3、掌握不可数名词数量的表达法

4、了解名词所有格的用法(双重所有格和名词复数所有格)

5、注意名词作主语和定语的用法

教学过程:

一、名词的分类

名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词

专有名词:表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词。第一个字母一般要大写。如:Lucy 、Beijing、China、the Great Wall、等。普通名词:表示一类人或事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:

book 、tree 等。

普通名词⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 可数名词⎩⎨⎧ 个体名词:chair ,book 集体名词:people ,family 不可数名词⎩⎨⎧ 物质名词:rain ,ice ,sunshine 抽象名词:love ,knowledge

二、可数名词的复数形式

可数名词有单数、复数两种形式。名词复数构成形式分规则变化和不规则变化:

1.名词复数的规则变化

(1)一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/

map-maps book-books

2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags car-cars

(2)以s, x,sh, ch 等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/

bus-buses watch-watches

但如果以 –ch 结尾的名词发音为 [k]时,只加 –s 。

stomach — stomachs 读 /s/

(3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i 再加es. ies 读 /iz/

party-parties baby---babies

以元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s 变复数:读 /z/

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

(4)以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,去f 、 fe 加-ves 读 /vz/

leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

life---lives thief---thieves

但也有例外,如 roof---roofs chief---chiefs

以o 结尾的名词,多数加 s 读 /z/。如radio---radios zoo---zoos

photo---photos

有些在词尾加es.它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”

Negro hero potato tomato

2.可数名词的不规则变化

①改a为e型:man→men,woman→women,

Frenchman→Frenchmen,policeman→policemen

(German→Germans, Norman→Normans除外)

②改oo为ee型:foot→feet,tooth→teeth

③特殊记忆child→children,mouse→mice

④单复数同形的名词,如:sheep绵羊,deer鹿,fish鱼,Chinese 中国人,Japanese日本人。

单复数同形的名词口诀:

中国人(Chinese)和日本人(Japanese)很爱护鱼(fish)鹿(deer)和绵羊(sheep)。

⑤只有复数形式的名词,如:trousers裤子,glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,people人们,scissors剪刀,chopsticks筷子。

⑥像public, police, family, team, group, class, crowd等集体名词一般以单数形式出现,当它们作主语时,如果表示一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are searching for the thieves everywhere. 警察们正在到处寻找盗贼。

3.复合名词的复数形式有两种

(1)将主体词变为复数,如:

sister-in-law→sister s-in-law(嫂子)

boy classmate→boy classmate s

(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是man或woman,如:

m a n worker→m e n worker s

wom a n teacher→wom e n teacher s

当堂练习:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:

1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)

2. I often go to work on . (foot)

3. I know one of the . (boy)

4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)

5. Please give them their . (photo)

6. Are there any in the box? (watch)

7. There are twelve in a year. (month)

8. Would you like some ? (tomato)

9. Look at those in the boats! (people)

10. Look! The are singing. (woman)

11. Jim has some . (knife)

12. How much are these ?(vegetable)

三、不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,没有复数形式。

包括物质或抽象概念的名词,可归纳如下:

1.表材料:wood, meat,paper,gold…

2.表抽象:information, knowledge,news,advice...

3.表食物:food, fruit,water,coffee,milk…

4.表总称:furniture, clothing…

5.表自然:air, wind, rain, snow…

6.表学科:Chinese,Japese,English,math,Physics…

不可数名词的量的表示法有两种:

(1). 用much, a little, little,a lot of, some, any等表示多少。如: some milk、a lot of money、

a little water , much time

(2). 用”数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示多少。如:

a piece of news, six bags of rice,

two cups of tea, a bowl of soup

四、名词所有格

名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。

有两种形式:一种是’S所有格;另一种是of所有格。

1. ~’s所有格:原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如:

the teacher’s book; the horse’s tail

但是,时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也

2.可以用~’s属格。如:today’s newspaper;

the city’s transportation a week‘s time 一周的时间China’s population中国的人口two miles' distance两英里的距离1).一般的名词,包括不以s结尾的复数名词,

在词后加’s。如:the children’s book

2). 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加~’。

如:the teachers’ office

3).两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用

所有格形式,如:Tom and Mike’s room

若表示分别拥有时,则要在每个名词后用所有格形式,

如:Tom’s and Mike’s rooms

注意:名词后加“’s”不一定都是所有格,要特别注意理解和判断如:Kate’s a goodgirl.Let’s go! Kate’s been to Europe

2. of 所有格一般用于无生命的东西。

如:the cover of the book the door of the room

the name of the zoo the leg of the desk

3.双重所有格有两种形式:

1)Of+名词所有格.

如: a sweater of Tom’s

2)of+名词性物主代词.

3)如: a friend of mine

注意:有的名词所有格可以用两种方法表示。如:

the story of Sun Yang=Sun Yang’s story 孙杨的故事五、名词的句法功能

名词在句中作的句子成分很多,但作主语尤为重要,应注意以下几种情况:

1.名词作主语

(1)一些以s结尾的名词。如:maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词,在句中作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;但trousers,shoes,glasses等为复数概念,它们在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但 a (this)pair of+名词复数时,其主语是a(this)pair,故谓语动词应用单数形式。如:

•Physics is a new subject in Grade Two.

物理在初二是一门新科目。

•My glasses are red. 我的眼镜是红色的。

• A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一条新短裤。

(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时,应视为一个整体故,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

•Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了。

•Three months is a short time. 三个月很短

(3)family,class,police等作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用第三人称单数;当表示其中的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:•Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.

她家下周要搬到辽宁去。

•Her family are having supper now.

她的家人正在吃晚饭。

(4)the+姓氏名词复数(后加s)表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,在句中作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。如:

•The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。

(5)neither+单数名词或neither of+复数名词,在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,如:

•Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。

•Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays.

星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园。

(6)主语后跟with,except,together with,as well as等短语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致,而不受这些短语的影响。如:•Mr Li with his students is discussing the math problem.

李老师和他的学生在讨论数学题。

•All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.

除了玛丽以外所有的女生都在教室里画画。

(7)兼有双重身份的人作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。

• A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays.

一位工人作家经常在星期天给我们做报告。

8)主语和谓语的就近一致。

就近一致即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况:

•①在there be 句型中或以here开头的句子中,谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致,当后面的名词不止一个时,be应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致。如:

•There are twentytwo boys and twenty girls in our class.

我们班有22名男生和20名女生。

•There is a car and two jeeps behind the house.

房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。

•Here are two oranges and some milk.

这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。

8)主语和谓语的就近一致。

就近一致即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况:

•①在there be 句型中或以here开头的句子中,谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致,当后面的名词不止一个时,be应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致。如:

•There are twentytwo boys and twenty girls in our class.

我们班有22名男生和20名女生。

•There is a car and two jeeps behind the house.

房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。

•Here are two oranges and some milk.

这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。

②either...or...(或者……或者……);neither...nor...(既不……也不……);...or...(……或者……);not only...but also...(不但……而且……)等平等结构,连接并列主语时谓语动词的人称和数应和与之靠近的一个主语保持一致。如:

•Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon.

今天下午或者是你或者是他必须去购物。

•Neither he nor we are students now.

他和我们现在都不是学生了。

③Both...and...连接两个主语时,谓语用复数形式。如:

•Both he and she do well in English.

他和她都擅长英语。

2、名词作定语

⑴.一般情况下,名词作定语修饰主体名词时,常用单数形式。

如:an apple tree(一棵苹果树),

country music(乡村音乐)

girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)

⑵.某些名词修饰主体名词时用复数。如:sports meeting(运动会),parents meeting(家长会)

⑶.“数词+名词或数词+名词+形容词”,也称复合形容词,名词用单数形式。

如:ten-mile walk 十里的路程; a ten- year- old boy;

a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞; a five-year plan Exercises :

1. We now don’t write letters on ______. We send e-mails.

A. papers

B. computer

C. paper

D. the computer

2. What _______ news it is !

A. a good B . good C. a few good D. many good

3. The ___are searching for a murderer(凶手)in the city . A. polices B. policemans C. policewomans D. police

4. Tom works hard and spends ____in the library.

A. much time

B. many time

C. many times

D. a lot of times

5. He decided to travel round the earth and return in ______.

A. two year time

B. two years long

C. two year’s time

D. two years’time

7. I don’t know that man, but I think he is ______ father.

A. Lucy and Lily’s

B. Lucy’s and Lily

C. Lucy’s and Lily’s

D. Lucy and Lily

8. I’m hungry. Please give me ______, please.

A. a bread

B. some breads

C. a piece of bread

D. two piece of breads

9. The hospital is a little far from here . It’s about _____.

A .40 minutes’s walk B. 40 minute’s walk

C. 40 minute walk

D. 40 minutes’ walk

10. Julie went to the _____to buy a pair of shoes .

A. shoes store B . shoe store

C. shoes stores

D. shoe stores

Sum up:

名词⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧ 名词的分类⎩

⎪⎨⎪⎧ 专有名词普通名词⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 可数名词⎩⎨⎧ 规则变化不规则变化不可数名词:不可数名词的量名词所有格⎩⎨⎧

所有格的构成

所有格的用法名词双重所有格名词的句法作用:作主语、宾语、定语等

作业布置:

《加速度》

P60

初中英语 人教版初三第一轮复习九年级全一册教案unit 11

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