英语语句否定形式
肯定与否定是两个完全对立的概念，容不得半点含糊。然而，英语的否定形式相当繁杂，稍有不慎，就会出错。所以现在我们就来归纳一下英语对否定概念的表达方式作。
英语否定概念的表达形式大致可分为两类：显形否定与隐形否定。
显形否定一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型表达，其否定含义较为直观，故有明否定之称；隐形否定无明显否定词，其否定含义往往要靠上下文或语境来推定，比较难以把握，故有暗否定或间接否定之称。
一、显形否定
常用否定词
no，not，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither，nor，neither...nor，but，without，unless，but for，but that，in the absence of，regardless of，instead of，exclusive of，short of，rather than，anything but，any more than，out of the question，would no more...than
由a-，dis-，il-，im-，ir-，un-，non-，anti-，mal-，under-等前缀及-less，-free，-proof等后缀合成的否定词
hardly，scarcely，barely，little，few，seldom等半否定词
avoid，ban，call off，cancel，deny，deprive，exclude，escape，evade，forbid，free...from，free from/of，fail，hate，ignore，lack，lose，miss，naught，neglect，prohibit，quit, refuse，rid，rule out，stop以及above，against，beneath，beyond，far from，off，out of，past和absent，bad，bare，empty，last，poor，vaccant 等可用于表达否定概念的词。
1) 这类否定句要注意如下三个问题：
否定程度的强弱，说话者的态度以及否定句式表肯定概念
He is not richer than I. 他不比我富。
He is no richer than I. 他和我一样，也不富。
He is not a statesman. 他不是政治家。
He is no statesman. 他绝非政治家。(弦外音：他不懂政治)
No less than fifty people were killed in the accident. 事故中多达五十人死亡(够多的，≈as many as，多达)。
Write a short passage of not less than 200 words.
写一段短文字数不少于二百(多则不限)。
We have not learned more than 1,000 English words.
我们学了不超过一千个英语单词(顶多一千个，可能比这还少)。
We have learned no more than 1,000 English words.
我们学了一千个英语单词(不够多)。
I could not feel better.我感觉再好不过了。
I can not agree more.我完全同意。
You can't be too careful when driving.开车时愈小心愈好(或尽可能小心)。There is no smallest wind today.今天一点风也没有。
There is no small wind today.今天的风可真不小。
It leaves nothing to be desired. 这已完美无缺。
2)错位否定
It doesn't seem to be logical. 这似乎不合逻辑。
I don't think you are right.我认为你不对。
He didn't go there by bus. 他不是乘公共汽车去的。
I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. 我之所以教书，并不是因为教书容易。
In no circumstances should we be conceited.我们绝不应该骄傲自满。
但有些否定词的位置不同，含义也不同。
I haven't decided to go there. 我没决定去不去那儿。
I have decided not to go there.我已决定不去那儿。
这类词还有advise，tell，ask，require，request，pretend 等。
3)部分否定(或不完全否定)
当all，both，every，everything，everybody，everywhere，always，often，completely，wholly，entirely，necessarily 与not 连用时，也表示部分否定：
I do not remember all those names.我记不得所有的名称。
He does not often come here. 他不是老来这儿。Don't always ask for help.不要老让人帮忙。
另外，遇到beyond等介词，要注意其搭配关系。
如：It's quite beyond me (above me, past me, beyond my depth). 这个我理解不了。
beyond: ~ expectation(出乎意料)，~ debate / controversy(无可争议，无疑的)，~ dispute(无可辩驳)，~ description(无法描述)，~ cure(不可救药)，~ control (无法控制)，~ belief(难以置信)，~ all comparison(不能相提并论，不能相比)
out of：~ sight(看不见)，~ humour(不高兴)，~ breath (喘不过气来)，~ cash(没有钱)，~ mind(不去想)，~ bounds(不准进入)，~ date / style / fashion(过时，不时髦)，~ work(失业)，~ danger(脱离危险)
beneath criticism(不值得批评)；past repair(无法修补)，past all belief(不可思议)；off one's mind (不放在心上)，off colour(精神不好，身体不舒服)
常用否定句型
1)too...to...，too...for...
He is too young to go to school.(=He is not old enough to go to school.)他还不够上学的年龄。
That's too much for me.这我可受不了啦。
但下列句中无否定含义：
He is too ready to speak.(≈He is talkative.)他太爱讲话了。
I'm only too glad to help you. 能为您效劳，我高兴极了。
2)stop (prevent，keep，hinder，protect，save，prohibit，dissuade...)...from...
Intact skin can protect the body from being invaded by germs.未受损的皮肤可以保护身体不受细菌侵害。
3)利用虚拟语气表否定
You should (ought to) have done it better.
你本应做得更好。(还不够好)
I could have come earlier.
我本来能早点来的。(实际上没有早来) I wish he were here now.
我希望他现在能在这儿。(实际上他不在)
If only he had asked for my advice!
他当初要能征求我的意见就好了！(实际上没有)
They would rather die than surrender.
他们宁死不降。
4)用before引导的从句表“来不及……,不等，未……先……，以防”等否定含义The bell rang before I could look over my answers.
我还没来得及看一下答案铃就响了。
Put on more clothes before you catch cold.
多穿点衣服以防感冒。
5)预先安排的事未办到或计划落空
I had hoped to save some more money to buy a new car.
我本希望多攒点钱买辆新车。
6)用比较级句型表否定
He knows more than he lets on.
这件事他了解得很多，但不肯承认。
I know better than to believe him.
我才不相信他那一套呢。
He's more brave than resourceful.
他勇敢有余，谋略不足(有勇无谋)。
7)其它含否定概念的句型
God knows how high the mountain is.
谁知道这山究竟有多高。
What's the use of complaining?抱怨有什么用？
Mind your own business！莫管闲事！
How is it possible？哪有这种可能?
二、隐形否定
此类否定既无特定句型，又无否定词，其否定含义多为习惯用语或引申义，颇为费解，也最易出错，切不可望文“生译”，如：
I'll buy it .
我答不上来(或不晓得)。
Catch me making the same error again.
我决不再犯同样的错误。
I dare him to jump.
我量他也不敢跳。
You are telling me！(=Tell me about it！)
这事还用你说？
Keep it dark!这事不可泄露出去。
She bears her age well. 她一点不显老。
For all I care!这事我才不管呢。(我才不在乎呢！)
It's anyone's guess. 这事谁也不清楚。
三、英汉否定互译技巧
从上述例句不难看出，有否定词的句子，未必是否定，没有否定词的未必是肯定，这与语法上所称之否定句、肯定句并不完全一致。汉语的否定词少得多，常用的词有：不、未、无、非、别、莫、勿、毋、休、没、没有、失、免、缺、禁、忌、戒、防等，其中以副词居多，只有个别形容词或少数动词。而英语的否定词几乎
应有尽有，包括名、代、动、形、副、介、连七种词性。在这以繁对简的转换过程中，其困难可想而知。
1、对应法：此法为最基本的译法，直陈式的句子多采用此法翻译，即肯定译肯定，否定译否定，双重否定仍译双重否定。
There is no smoke without fire.
无风不起浪。
It is unlikely but not impossible.
这事可能性不大，但也不是不可能。
2、转移法：多用于错位否定的句子。
At no time and in no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
任何时候，任何情况下，中国决不首先使用核武器。
Neither of the substances dissolves in water.
这两种物质都不溶于水。
A number of patients can recall no recent sore throat.
很多患者都想不起近期有过喉痛。
3、反义法：借助反义词翻译，如：difficult = not easy，fail = not succeed, not bad = good, wrong = not right 等。
4、近义法：
He refuses to give up until all hope is gone. 他是不到黄河心不死。(refuse“拒绝”，译为“不肯”)
Histroy is silent about it. 历史对这件事没有记载。
I hate troubling him. 我不想去麻烦他。
You are in charge of the job. How could you evade the issue? 你负责这件事，怎么能对此不置可否呢？(evade译成“不闻不问”或“不置可否”)
We will live up to what our country expects of us.我们将不辜负国家的期望(live up to “做得到”，译为“不辜负”)。
He sits silent in the corner.
他坐在角落里一声不吭。
5、转换法：包括肯定译为否定，否定译为肯定，双重否定译为肯定等。We cannot really learn anything until we rid ourselves of complacency. 要认真学习一点东西，必须从不自满开始。
In no area of medicine is accurate diagnosis more important or in many instances, more difficult.
在医学领域，准确诊断是最为重要的，然而在很多情况下也是最困难的。No disease is so common as cold.
在所有疾病中，感冒是最常见的。
Differential diagnosis of the disease is not infrequently difficult.
这种病的鉴别诊断往往很难。
In such cases, the condition cannot be otherwise than serious.
这种患者的病情必然是很严重的。
He is too careful not to have noticed it .
他是个细心人，肯定注意到了这一点。
For answer, he merely stared at me.
他不回答，只是两眼死死地盯着我。
Its importance cannot be overemphasized.
其重要性无论怎么强调都不过分。
These investigations are not done for nothing.
这些研究工作自然不会是白做的。
6、引申法：
Your question beats me.
你这个问题令我迷惑不解。
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
一、选择题 1．—May we leave the classroom now? —No, you_____. You______to leave until the bell rings. A．can’t; are allowed B．mustn’t; aren’t allowed C．needn’t; are allowed D．needn’t; aren’t allowed 2．My son _______ his homework every day. A．did do B．doesn’t do C．do D．don’t do 3．His mother ____ him ____ the games. A． is allowed , to play B．doesn’t allow , to play C．doesn’t allow play D．is allowed play 4．They a good time because it rained heavily. A．have B．had C．didn’t have D．don’t have 5．My brother ___________ like playing ping-pong. A．isn’t B．not C．doesn’t D．don’t 6．“ Do you like ice-cream? ” “ No, I don’t. I ______ to be fat. ” A．want B．do want C．not want D．don’t want 7．If you don’t go to the concert this weekend, ________. A．I will, too. B．I won’t, either. C．I do, too. D．I don’t, either. 8．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 9．She ___________ clean the classroom today. A．isn’t have to B．don’t have to C．doesn’t have to D．have to 10．There __________any homework tonight. Shall we go to see a film? A．isn’t going to be B．isn’t going to have C．aren’t going to have D．aren’t going to be 11．Dave , we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready? No , I our guide book and towels yet . A．don’t pack B．didn’t pack C．have packed D．haven’t packed 12．Mr. White __________ the blue trousers because __________his shirt well. A．likes; they don't match B．doesn’t like; they don’t match C．likes; it matches D．doesn't like; it matches 13．_____ your hands before meals. It’s good____ your health. A．Washing; with B．To wash; at C．Wash; for D．Washes; to 14．Tom __________ vegetables. But he likes ice-cream.
常用英语语法 第一章英文文法的最基本规则 英文和我们中文最大的不同，是在动词，我们中文的动词很简单，没有所谓的第几人称，也没有复数和单数之分，更没有过去式或进行式，英文可不同了，凡是用动词的时候，必须注意很多很多的规则，一旦弄错了，常常是犯了大错。 在这一章，我要将英文最基本的规则一一列下。这些规则都是我们中国人所常常不注意的。为了不要误导读者，凡本书内错误的句子前面都有〝＊〞的符号。 规则（１）：两个动词是不能联在一起用的。 在中文，我们常说“我是爱你的”，翻成英文，这就变成了 ＊I am love you. 滑稽的是，这句英文句子犯了大忌，因为〝am〞是动词，〝love〞也是动词，两个动词是不能联在一起用的。这句话的正确说法是： I love you. 或者I am in love with you. 我们中国人也会说〝我喜欢看电视〞，翻成英文，这变成 ＊I love watch television. 这个句子也犯了同样的错。 以下几个句子都是错的，因为这些句子中都有两个动词连在一起的情形： ＊I hate eat fish. ＊I love play basketball. ＊I love swim. 如果你一定要讲“我爱游泳”，怎么办呢？请看以下的规则。 规则（２）：如一定要同时用两个动词，后者的前面必须加“to”或者将后者加入“ing”。“我爱游泳”，因此有两种正确的译法： I love to swim. I love swimming. 以下的句子都是正确的： I hate to eat fish. I hate eating fish. I love to play basketball. I love playing basketball I keep going to church. 规则（３）：主词如果是第三人称，现在式及单数，动词必须加s. 我们中国人最不容易记得的规则，恐怕就是这一条了，以下的句子都是错的。 ＊He write very well. ＊Jack love playing the violin. ＊Mary swim every day. 正确的句子是： He writes very well. Jack loves playing the violin. Mary swims every day. 规则（４）：绝大多数的否定的句子，不能直接加“not”。 我们中文对否定语气，规则极为简单，我们可以说“我不爱你”，但是我们不能说 ＊I not love you. 我们也不能说： ＊I not saw that movie. ＊I not like swimming. ＊He not likes playing violin. 我们必须用一种助动词来完成否定的句子，以下才是正确的否定句子： I do not love you. I did not see that movie. He does not like playing violin. 请注意，在以上的句子中，do和did都是助动词，do是现在式，did是过去式。 关于现在式和过去式，究竟是怎么一回事，以后我们会解释清楚的。 助动词不限于“do”和它的变型，can、will、would、shall、may、must等等都是助动词，因此，以下的英文句子又都是对的： He can not swim. They will not go to church tomorrow. Mary should not go to the party. I shall not see you. He may not go out tonight.
否定转移 否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。 一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。 此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess, be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。 - I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t met youbefore.") 我认为我没有见过你。 - I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。 - I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？ - He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。 - I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。 注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： （1）用作插入语时： - Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。 - Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。 （2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时： - I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。 （3）用于疑问句时： - Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？ （4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时： - You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。 - I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。 - I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident.我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。 （5）think , expect 作料想讲时： - I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。 - We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。 （6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时： - Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a part of the exam. 别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。 - I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty. 我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。 - I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。 - I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。 （7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every , many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时： - I don’t believe both of them are innocent.我不相信他们两个都是清白的。 - I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes. 我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。 - We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic. 我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。 （8）由于cannot help, ought not，need not，not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离： - I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
一、选择题 1．Jane is my friend. ___________ from England. A．she B．he is C．his D．she’s 2．--- Mum, there's no milk in the fridge. 一Oh; but there ____________ two bottles of apple juice in it. A．are B．isn't C．aren't D．is 3．The teachers ________ on the blackboard with chalk in the future. A．isn't writing B．didn't write C．don't write D．won't write 4．My grandma_________ chickens yesterday but she didn’t _______ them this morning. A．feed, fed B．fed, fed C．feed, feed D．fed, feed 5．I’m if there are UFOs.（飞碟） A．sure not B．not sure C．not be sure D．sure that 6．We __________ buy the train tickets. We can book one by phone now. A．needn’t to B．don’t need to C．need to D．need 7．—Don’t forget _____________ the letter on your way home. —OK, I _____________. A．to send; will B．sending; will C．to send; won’t D．sending; won’t 8．If you don’t go to the concert this weekend, ________. A．I will, too. B．I won’t, either. C．I do, too. D．I don’t, either. 9．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 10．Susan and her classmates__________ to the mountain last week. A．don’t go B．didn’t go C．isn’t going D．aren’t going 11．Dave , we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready? No , I our guide book and towels yet . A．don’t pack B．didn’t pack C．have packed D．haven’t packed 12．The newspaper came just now. I ________it yet. A．has read B．have read C．hasn’t read D．haven’t re ad 13．The key is yellow .的同义句是： A．The key yellow. B．The is a yellow key . C．This is a yellow key. D．They are yellow key.
常用英语语法术语表句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb
静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause
英语语法：英语的十一种否定转移现象 摘要：否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。 否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例： He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him.他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。 John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。 以上句子是否采用“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻辑为准则。 一、在表示“看法”的谓语动词上的否定形式，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。 此类动词有： think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到),guess,be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。 I don't believe I've met you before. 我认为我没有见过你。 I don't think you will be late.我认为你不会迟到。 I don't suppose he cares, does he?我看他不在乎，对吧？ He doesn't expect we need worry.他认为我们不必着急。 I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。 注：上述表示“看法”或“判断”的动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： （1）用作插入语时： Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.我想李蕾不会生你的气。 Tom, I suppose, won’t be againstit.我猜想汤姆不会反对。
被动语态 现在范畴一般现在时am/is/are made 现在进行时am / is /are being made 现在完成时has/have been made 过去范畴一般过去时was/were made 过去进行时was/werebeingmade 过去完成时had been made 将来范畴一般将来时shall/will be made 将来完成时shall/will have been made 过去将来时should/would be made 过去将来完成时should/would have been made 1. 被动语态的各种时态 被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动 语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。 (1) 一般现在时的被动语态 I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。 Computers are widely used in the world. 计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态 The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。 (3) 现在进行时的被动语态 The question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题现在正在会上讨论。 The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。 (4) 过去进行时的被动语态 When I called, tea was being served. 当我来访时，正值上茶之际。 When they arrived，the experiments were being made. 他们到达时，实验正在进行。
一、选择题 1．My mother always tells me that “______”. So I always do my best while studying. A．many hands make light work B．the early bird catches the worms C．no pain, no gain D．all roads lead to Rome 2．He can’t get into the room. He _______ a key(钥匙). A．hasn’t got B．doesn't C．isn’t D．aren’t 3．Tigers eat fruits and the camel eat meat . A．don’t ; doesn’t B．doesn’t ; don’t C．don’t ; don’t D．doesn’t ; doesn’t 4．My son _______ his homework every day. A．did do B．doesn’t do C．do D．don’t do 5．The teachers ________ on the blackboard with chalk in the future. A．isn't writing B．didn't write C．don't write D．won't write 6．They a good time because it rained heavily. A．have B．had C．didn’t have D．don’t have 7．I __________ news. They are boring. A．can’t stand B．like C．love D．don’t mind 8．—Don’t forget _____________ the letter on your way home. —OK, I _____________. A．to send; will B．sending; will C．to send; won’t D．sending; won’t 9．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 10．There __________any homework tonight. Shall we go to see a film? A．isn’t going to be B．isn’t going to have C．aren’t going to have D．aren’t going to be 11．—Do you like _____ ? —Yes. But I _____ a book now. I’m drawing a picture. A．read;reading B．read;am not reading C．reading;am reading D．reading; am not reading 12．Tom is in No.6 Middle School，but Alice_______. A．is B．isn't C．does D．doesn't 13．I ____ like listening to her CDs. They are not good A．not B．doesn’t C．can’t D．don’t 14．Tom breakfast. He usually gets up late. A．hasn’t B．don’t have C．doesn’t have 15．Jane is my friend. ___________ from England.
高考英语语法填空必备词汇总结 ability 能力-able 能够的-unable 无能力的-ably 精明能干地-disable 使残废； absence 缺席-absent 缺席的-absently 漫不经心； admit 承认-admission 承认-admitted 公认的; Africa 非洲-African 非洲人-African 非洲的，非洲人的analyze 分析-analysis 分析-analytic 分析的-analytically 分析地； anger 愤怒-angry 生气的-angrily 生气地; annoy 惹恼-annoyance 烦恼-annoying 讨厌的/annoyed 恼怒的-annoyingly 烦人地;anxiety 渴望-anxious 焦虑的-anxiously 焦虑地； annual 每年的-annually 每年地;apologize 道歉-apology 道歉-apologetic 道歉的-apologetically 抱歉地;appear 显得-appearance 外貌，出现；apply 申请，用-applicant 申请人-application 申请表; 形arrive 至U达-arrival 至U达-arriver 至U达者-arrived 已到达的；Asia 亚洲-Asian 亚洲人-Asian 亚洲的；assist 帮助 -assistant 助理-assistance 帮助-assistant 助理的；astonish 使惊讶-astonishment 惊异-astonished 吃惊的/astonishing 惊人的-astonishingly 惊讶地;Australia 澳大利亚-Australian 澳大利亚人-Australian 澳大利亚
动词think后的从句一定要否定前移吗？ 云南省昭通市威信县第二中学杨天喜（657900） 在人教版高中英语必修三（p18）有这么一个句子：I don’t think it’s very funny. 大家都知道，这是一个典型的否定前移的句子。在宾语从句中，若主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示心理活动的动词时，宾语从句不能用否定形式，若宾语从句是否定句式，则常将否定词not前移到主句谓语动词前面，从而形成“形式上否定主句，实际上否定宾语从句”的现象，这种语法现象叫做否定前移。但是必须注意的是：这种特殊句型的主语一定是第一人称I或者we，若是第二三人称代词（不论单复数）做句子主语，便不能形成否定前移。如： I don’t think he will come this afternoon.我认为他今天下午不会来。 What a pity! I don’t believe I know you. 很遗憾，我并不认识你。 I don’t guess that they have got married. 我猜他们还没有结婚。 I don’t expect they have finished the work.我料想他们还没有完成工作。 I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad. 我看他在国外学习几年后不会回家乡了。 I don’t feel you should go.我觉得你不应该去。 I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her.我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。 任何语法规则都有例外，如果属于下列情况，则不进行否定前移： 1．主句中的谓语动词若与情态动词或者副词连用时，不否定前移。如： I can’t believe that they are married.我真不敢相信他们结婚了。 We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny.我们不能相信他是用正当手段挣钱。 I mustn’t think he’s an honest person.我一定不会认为他是一个诚实的人。 I didn’t eve r suppose that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。 We really think he is not fit for his office. 我们真的认为他不适合这项工作。 I sometimes think she doesn’t work hard. 我有事认为他学习不努力。 I can’t believe that they are married. 我不会相信他们结婚了。 I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.摩尔夫人，我认为你晚上不应该独自一人出来。 I sometimes think he is not an honest man.我有时认为她并不诚实。 2．当think用在疑问句中构成双重疑问句时，不用否定迁移。如： Why do you think I can’t change your note?你为什么认为我换不开你的钞票呢？Do you think he can’t come here tomorrow? 你认为他明天不能来这儿吗？ Why do you think I can’t do it? 你为什么认为我不会做它呢? Do you think my father won’t agree? 你认为我父亲不会同意吗? 3．当think前有强调词do/does/did表强调时，不用否定前移。如： I do think he is not married. 我一定认为他还没有结婚。 We do think you should not stay up late. 我们的确认为你不应该熬夜那么晚的。 I do think you shouldn’t hurt her.我的确认为你不该伤害她。 4．当I think, I believe等被看作插入语成分、和其他部分无关时不用否定前移。如：
第三节写作中真正实用的英语语法 据考证，“语法”一词源于希腊语“Grammatike”，意指体现于写作过程中的“文字的技巧”，它是语言运用的规则，构建句子的框架，遣词造句的黏合剂，也是英语各项技能的基础，尤其在写作过程中起着举足轻重的作用。 但四、六级考试改革中对语法题目的减少使很多人误以为语法的地位被削弱，加之近年来重视综合技能的各类语言理论的出现，使得一部分考生在写作复习过程中完全摈弃对语法部分的准备，久而久之，形成了“轻语法，重语感”的习惯。而另一部分考生则缺乏必要的语法运用能力，他们可以准确解答语法题目，却不能在作文中灵活运用语法写出漂亮句子。这些考生文章的共同特点就是只有其意，不见其形。 语言是思维的外衣，准确的语法是高分作文的重要必备条件。如果考生能在写作中娴熟地运用语法技巧，就可以使文章逻辑严密，形神兼备。 鉴于语法体系庞大繁杂而备考时间有限，此节内容无法涵盖整个语法体系，只能选择写作中出现频率较高的语法进行重点讲解，如状语前置、倒装、虚拟语气、强调句等，并辅以例句讲解，希望能够帮助考生扫除写作中的语法障碍，轻松闯关。 状语前置 一般而言，英语句子中，状语成分的位置是可前可后的。但状语的前置是六级作文中常用的句式。所谓状语前置，就是把修饰动词的状语结构，如分词短语，介词短语，动词不定式结构等放到句首。 这一句式的最大优点就是断句自然，让单调的句子有跳跃的节奏感。请看下面句子： 1）With the expansion of industrialization, requirement for energy all over the world is on the rise.（随着工业化进程的发展，全世界的能源需求都在增加。） 2）Once lushly forested, this region has seen more than 80% of its original vegetation cut down or burned. (这个地区曾经丛林密布，但现在80% 的原生植被被砍伐或焚烧。) 3）To reach millions of people who watch television, advertisers are willing to pay big money. (为了能抓住千千万万的电视观众，广告商们不惜花费巨额资金。) 在以上例句中，状语的前置使得句子结构分明，避免了后置的平庸化，尤其是第二个句子中的状语部分，既简洁又有力，本身就是一个出彩的表达，如果放置到句尾就不会出现这种效果了。而第三句中不定式目的状语的前置还在一定程度上起到了强调的作用。 倒装 倒装又分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did等,并将其置于主语之前。倒装的作用是为了强调或平衡句子结构。 倒装本身是较复杂的高级结构，如果在六级写作中能加以正确运用，就特别
一、选择题 1．They _________ any help because they can do it by themselves. A．don’t need to B．don’t need C．doesn’t need D．doesn’t need to 2．If it ___________ tomorrow, we will have a barbecue in the park. A．will rain B．rains C．won't rain D．doesn't rain 3．--- Mum, there's no milk in the fridge. 一Oh; but there ____________ two bottles of apple juice in it. A．are B．isn't C．aren't D．is 4．Peter_____ his homework after nine o'clock in the evening. A．doesn't do B．does not C．isn't do D．isn't doing 5．The teachers ________ on the blackboard with chalk in the future. A．isn't writing B．didn't write C．don't write D．won't write 6．If it ________ rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the zoo. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．don’t D．isn’t 7．Paul __________ go into the room. He __________ a key. A．can / hasn’t B．can’t / hasn’t C．can / doesn’t have D．can’t / don’t have 8．We __________ buy the train tickets. We can book one by phone now. A．needn’t to B．don’t need to C．need to D．need 9．“ Do you like ice-cream? ” “ No, I don’t. I ______ to be fat. ” A．want B．do want C．not want D．don’t want 10．She ___________ clean the classroom today. A．isn’t have to B．don’t have to C．doesn’t have to D．have to 11．There __________any homework tonight. Shall we go to see a film? A．isn’t going to be B．isn’t going to have C．aren’t going to have D．aren’t going to be 12．Li Ming ______ volleyball. He only watch it on TV. A．plays B．doesn’t play C．watches D．doesn’t watch 13．Bob has a TV, but he _____ a computer. A．doesn’t have B．don’t has C．doesn’t has 14．You______ worry about your lessons. Be careful next time and you will get a good mark. A．don’t need to B．not need C．needn’t to D．don’t need 15．—What’s this?—______ A．This’s a cat. B．This is a cat. C．Its a cat. D．It’s a cat. 16．---- ______ Tom in the English Club? ---- Yes, but he _____ go there very often.