否定转移
否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。
一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。
此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess,
be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。
- I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t met youbefore.") 我认为我没有见过你。
- I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。
- I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？
- He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。
- I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。
注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移：
（1）用作插入语时：
- Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
- Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
（2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时：
- I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
（3）用于疑问句时：
- Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？
（4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时：
- You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。
- I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。
- I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident.我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。
（5）think , expect 作料想讲时：
- I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。
- We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。
（6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时：
- Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a part of the exam.
别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。
- I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty.
我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。
- I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
- I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
（7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every , many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时：
- I don’t believe both of them are innocent.我不相信他们两个都是清白的。
- I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes.
我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。
- We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic.
我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。
（8）由于cannot help, ought not，need not，not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离：
- I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
- I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
- I think you need not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.
- "I think the angel are not at al l in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."
二、否定形式在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上，语义上却否定表语部分。
此类动词有：appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if，feel / look / sound as if, feel / look like。
- The old streets don’t appear deserted.( not deserted . ) 老街看样子还没被废弃。
- I’m not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not very well … )我今天感到不怎么舒服，头痛。- The food doesn’t taste fresh. ( not fresh . ) 食物偿起来不鲜。
- It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
- It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
三、seem, prove, happen 与不定式构成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。
- The president didn’t happen to attend that meeting.(happen not to attend … )
董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。
- Your ans wer doesn’t seem to be right.(seem not to be …)你的答案看起来似乎不正确。
- Jack doens't seem to like you．（＝Jack seems not to like you．）杰克看来不喜欢你。
- The news didn't seem to be true. 这个消息好象并不是真的。
四、pretend , remember 的宾语为非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语。
- My Italian friend didn’t pretend to see her tutor in the dining room. (pretend not to see … )
我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。
- I couldn’t remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having …) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。
五、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语补足语。
- I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use of it.
我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从不需要钱。
- We do not consider melting or boiling to be chemical change. (not to be … )
我们认为熔化和沸腾不是化学反应。
- Seeing a ball flying, we don’t expect the ball to fly forever. (not to fly …)
看到球飞时，我们认为它不会永远飞下去。
- I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
- I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
- I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。
六、在“It is / was likely / probably + 从句”中，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定从句。
- It isn't likely that it will rain tomorrow. 看起来明天不会下雨。
- It isn't probable that he will come here today. 他今天也许不会来这里了。
七、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定状语或状语从句。
- He doesn't go to school by bus but on foot. 他不是步行去上学, 而是坐公共汽车。
- Don't judge a man by his appearance. 不要以貌取人。
- Don’t read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。
- Don’t talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。
- The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
- Let’s not talk about it here. 我们别在这里谈吧。
- This great victory has not been won easily.这个伟大的胜利赢来得并不容易。
- I did n't know his name until yesterday. （not ... until）我直到昨天才知道他的名字。
- He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame．but to benefit the boy's parents．他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带，不是为了获得个人的名誉，而是为了孩子的父母。
注：含有not … because (of) 的句子，情况较复杂，需根据逻辑、语境和常识进行判断是否需要作否定转移，如需转移的话，往往是由否定谓语转为否定状语。例如：
- I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. 我教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。
- The engine didn’t stop because the fue l was used up. 发动机并不是因为油用完而停车的。
- He didn’t go to class because he was sick. 他没去上课，因为他生病了。 (这句话不需作否定转移)
- The manager didn’t give a speech because he felt painful in his throat. 经理没发表讲话，因为他喉咙痛。
- She didn’t call you because she loved you.这个句子可能出现两种理解：
A. 她给你打电话并非因为她爱你。（发生了否定转移）
B. 她没给你打电话是因为她爱你。（未发生否定转移）
到底哪种理解正确，我们无法从逻辑意义上进行辨别，这时我们只有借助语境即上下文来分析了。
八、表示信念、看法、愿望的名词充当主语从句的表语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语从句。这类
词有：hope, thought, view, opinion , wish, expectation, belief, plan 等。
- It is not our expectation that you will suffer a lot from that. (will not suffer … )
我们希望你不要为那事受太多苦。
- It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computer games. (do not spend … )
我的看法是你不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
- It is not their plan that their homework is done on Sunday. 他们计划星期天不做家庭作业。
九、含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否
定。这类词有：all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely，wholly。
- All the people didn't know the truth. (Not all the people knew the truth.)
并非所有的人都知道事情的真相。
- All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不总是金子。
- Both the children are not clever. (Not both the children …) 两个孩子并不都聪明。
- Everybody, it is true, wouldn’t like it. ( Not everybody …) 的确不是人人都喜欢它。
- I don’t know all of them. (not all of them) 对于他们我不是个个都认识的。
- I don’t like both of them. (not both of them.) 这两本小说，我不是都喜欢。
注：当all 与can not 或won’t 构成否定句式时，其否定不再发生转移，而表示全部否定。
- All the foreigners can not pass the borders without visas. 所有外国人没有签证均不能过境。
- All the treatment won’t make any help for her disease.所有的治疗对他的疾病都无用。
十、"否定主句+肯定式方式从句" 中，主句和从句意思正好相反。例：
- Whales are not fish, as many people think. 鲸不是鱼，而许多人却认为鲸是鱼。
十一、主语是否定特征时，翻译应根据具体情况确定。否定可以转移，也可以不转移。例：- Nobody who has ever seen good-quality color television can ever be completely happy with black and white again. 看过高质量彩色电视的人再也不可能对黑白电视感到满足了。
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如： 1）That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。 2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如： 3）It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？ it可用来指代团体。如： 4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。 it用以代替指示代词this, that.如： 5）--- What's this? --- It's a pen. —这是什么？—是一支钢笔。 6）--- Whose book is that? --- It's Mike's. —那是谁的书？—是迈克的。 2. 指示代词it，常用以指人。如： 7）Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。 8）--- Who is making such a noise? —是谁发出这样的吵闹声？ --- It must be the children. —一定是孩子们。 3.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： 9）It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。 10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如： 12）It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。 13）How is it going with you? 你近况如何？ 14）Take it easy. 不要紧张。 it也常用于下列结构： 15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起来这个学院很小。 16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我们的计划很完善。 17）It's my turn. 该轮到我了。 it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气 4. 先行词it. it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 （1）用作形式主语
一、选择题 1．—May we leave the classroom now? —No, you_____. You______to leave until the bell rings. A．can’t; are allowed B．mustn’t; aren’t allowed C．needn’t; are allowed D．needn’t; aren’t allowed 2．My son _______ his homework every day. A．did do B．doesn’t do C．do D．don’t do 3．His mother ____ him ____ the games. A． is allowed , to play B．doesn’t allow , to play C．doesn’t allow play D．is allowed play 4．They a good time because it rained heavily. A．have B．had C．didn’t have D．don’t have 5．My brother ___________ like playing ping-pong. A．isn’t B．not C．doesn’t D．don’t 6．“ Do you like ice-cream? ” “ No, I don’t. I ______ to be fat. ” A．want B．do want C．not want D．don’t want 7．If you don’t go to the concert this weekend, ________. A．I will, too. B．I won’t, either. C．I do, too. D．I don’t, either. 8．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 9．She ___________ clean the classroom today. A．isn’t have to B．don’t have to C．doesn’t have to D．have to 10．There __________any homework tonight. Shall we go to see a film? A．isn’t going to be B．isn’t going to have C．aren’t going to have D．aren’t going to be 11．Dave , we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready? No , I our guide book and towels yet . A．don’t pack B．didn’t pack C．have packed D．haven’t packed 12．Mr. White __________ the blue trousers because __________his shirt well. A．likes; they don't match B．doesn’t like; they don’t match C．likes; it matches D．doesn't like; it matches 13．_____ your hands before meals. It’s good____ your health. A．Washing; with B．To wash; at C．Wash; for D．Washes; to 14．Tom __________ vegetables. But he likes ice-cream.
否定转移 否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。 一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。 此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess, be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。 - I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t met youbefore.") 我认为我没有见过你。 - I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。 - I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？ - He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。 - I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。 注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： （1）用作插入语时： - Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。 - Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。 （2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时： - I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。 （3）用于疑问句时： - Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？ （4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时： - You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。 - I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。 - I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident.我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。 （5）think , expect 作料想讲时： - I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。 - We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。 （6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时： - Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a part of the exam. 别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。 - I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty. 我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。 - I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。 - I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。 （7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every , many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时： - I don’t believe both of them are innocent.我不相信他们两个都是清白的。 - I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes. 我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。 - We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic. 我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。 （8）由于cannot help, ought not，need not，not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离： - I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
一、选择题 1．Jane is my friend. ___________ from England. A．she B．he is C．his D．she’s 2．--- Mum, there's no milk in the fridge. 一Oh; but there ____________ two bottles of apple juice in it. A．are B．isn't C．aren't D．is 3．The teachers ________ on the blackboard with chalk in the future. A．isn't writing B．didn't write C．don't write D．won't write 4．My grandma_________ chickens yesterday but she didn’t _______ them this morning. A．feed, fed B．fed, fed C．feed, feed D．fed, feed 5．I’m if there are UFOs.（飞碟） A．sure not B．not sure C．not be sure D．sure that 6．We __________ buy the train tickets. We can book one by phone now. A．needn’t to B．don’t need to C．need to D．need 7．—Don’t forget _____________ the letter on your way home. —OK, I _____________. A．to send; will B．sending; will C．to send; won’t D．sending; won’t 8．If you don’t go to the concert this weekend, ________. A．I will, too. B．I won’t, either. C．I do, too. D．I don’t, either. 9．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 10．Susan and her classmates__________ to the mountain last week. A．don’t go B．didn’t go C．isn’t going D．aren’t going 11．Dave , we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready? No , I our guide book and towels yet . A．don’t pack B．didn’t pack C．have packed D．haven’t packed 12．The newspaper came just now. I ________it yet. A．has read B．have read C．hasn’t read D．haven’t re ad 13．The key is yellow .的同义句是： A．The key yellow. B．The is a yellow key . C．This is a yellow key. D．They are yellow key.
综合测试 ?综合过关测试 1.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. _____ can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. How B. Why C. What D. Whether 2._____ the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. What…that B. What…whether C. That…that D. That…whether 3.Do you think _____ is no possibility _____ Tom can win the first prize in the contest? A. there…whether B. there…that C. it…whether D. it…that 4.Jean Goodall made up her mind to dedicate all she had to _____ the chimpanzees in the open air. A. observe B. having observed C. have observed D. observing 5._____ what you can and many poor people will spend the cold winter warmly. A. Donating B. To donate C. Having donated D. Donate 6.You won’t succeed in the end _____ you don’t give up halfway! A. even though B. as though C. as long as D. as far as 7.Having suffered heart trouble for years, Professor White _____ take some medicine with him _____ he goes. A. must…where B. must…wherever C. has to…where D. has to…wherever 8.He hesitated for a moment _____ he kicked the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. A. until B. after C. before D. unless 9.- I enjoyed the food very much. - I’m glad you like it. Please drop _____ you like. - Yes, I will. A. each time B. every time C. in any time D. at any time 10._____ you do, you should put your heart into it. A. However B. How C. Whatever D. What 11.The rubber plantation extends _____ the river. A. as long as B. as far as C. so far as D. as well as 12.You might as well figure out some situations _____ you may meet with in your business. A. that B. where C. lest D. in case 13.Word that they failed to pass their driving test discouraged their boss, _____? A. did they B. didn’t they C. didn’t it D. did it 14.Under no circumstances _____ in such a meaningless discussion. A. did he participate B. participated he C. he participated D. he did participate 15.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was quite reasonable. A. which price B. of which the price C. price of which D. in whose price 16.I know nothing about the young lady _____ she came from Beijing.
被动语态 现在范畴一般现在时am/is/are made 现在进行时am / is /are being made 现在完成时has/have been made 过去范畴一般过去时was/were made 过去进行时was/werebeingmade 过去完成时had been made 将来范畴一般将来时shall/will be made 将来完成时shall/will have been made 过去将来时should/would be made 过去将来完成时should/would have been made 1. 被动语态的各种时态 被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动 语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。 (1) 一般现在时的被动语态 I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。 Computers are widely used in the world. 计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态 The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。 (3) 现在进行时的被动语态 The question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题现在正在会上讨论。 The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。 (4) 过去进行时的被动语态 When I called, tea was being served. 当我来访时，正值上茶之际。 When they arrived，the experiments were being made. 他们到达时，实验正在进行。
高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。 译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析：本题考查：1)复合句：when引导的状语从句；what引导的主语从句；2)not…but结构；3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句：When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3：我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢？（prevent） 分析：如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话，就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”，而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分，就太不应该了。 译句：What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4：他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。（likely） 译句：He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析：有些学生一看到有可能，就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible，想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实，学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的，完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5：上海近几年经历了许多变化，如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。（go through） 分析：乍一看，学生很容易轻易下笔，Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…，这已成为很多学生的一个习惯，句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开，英语不像中文，必须要考虑到句子的结构，逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中，就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。
一、选择题 1．My mother always tells me that “______”. So I always do my best while studying. A．many hands make light work B．the early bird catches the worms C．no pain, no gain D．all roads lead to Rome 2．He can’t get into the room. He _______ a key(钥匙). A．hasn’t got B．doesn't C．isn’t D．aren’t 3．Tigers eat fruits and the camel eat meat . A．don’t ; doesn’t B．doesn’t ; don’t C．don’t ; don’t D．doesn’t ; doesn’t 4．My son _______ his homework every day. A．did do B．doesn’t do C．do D．don’t do 5．The teachers ________ on the blackboard with chalk in the future. A．isn't writing B．didn't write C．don't write D．won't write 6．They a good time because it rained heavily. A．have B．had C．didn’t have D．don’t have 7．I __________ news. They are boring. A．can’t stand B．like C．love D．don’t mind 8．—Don’t forget _____________ the letter on your way home. —OK, I _____________. A．to send; will B．sending; will C．to send; won’t D．sending; won’t 9．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 10．There __________any homework tonight. Shall we go to see a film? A．isn’t going to be B．isn’t going to have C．aren’t going to have D．aren’t going to be 11．—Do you like _____ ? —Yes. But I _____ a book now. I’m drawing a picture. A．read;reading B．read;am not reading C．reading;am reading D．reading; am not reading 12．Tom is in No.6 Middle School，but Alice_______. A．is B．isn't C．does D．doesn't 13．I ____ like listening to her CDs. They are not good A．not B．doesn’t C．can’t D．don’t 14．Tom breakfast. He usually gets up late. A．hasn’t B．don’t have C．doesn’t have 15．Jane is my friend. ___________ from England.
高中英语语法综合练习 1. What________wonderful time we had yesterday! A. a B. the C./ D. an 2. The poet and ___writer is going to give us a talk this afternoon. A. a B. the C. / D. an 3. I love______history because it gives us_____knowledge of past events. A. the, a B. /,a C. /, / D. a, the 4. In 1865, Abraham Lincoin was elected____President of the U.S. A. a B. the C. / D. one 5. ______Chinese people is_______brave and hard-working people. A. The, the B. The, a C. A, the D. / , the 6. October 1th is___ National Day of ___ People's Republic of China. A. a, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 7. Though____came that he was completely defeated, he didn't lost_____. A. the word, his heart B. word , heart C. the word, heart D. word, his heart 8. You can have ____ second try if you fail____first time. A. the, the B. a, the C. a, / D. a, a 9. It is such______great fun travelling in ______spaceship! A. a, / B. /, a C. /, / D. a, a 10. ___computer is the most important invention in ____ twentieth century. A. The, / B. A, / C. The, the D. A, the 11. In____front of ____ building are two highways. A. the, a B. a, the C. / , the D. the , the 12. I looked her in_______ face. A. a B. / C. the D. her 13. Beyond ___stars, astrnauts saw nothing but____ space. A. the, / B. /, the C. / , / D. the, the 14. He has given me_______ I wanted. A. the information B. a information C. informations D. the informations 15. ___ British and ______Americans share almost the same language. A. The , / B. The, the C. / , / D. / , the 16. Which is ____ country, Canada or Australia
第三节写作中真正实用的英语语法 据考证，“语法”一词源于希腊语“Grammatike”，意指体现于写作过程中的“文字的技巧”，它是语言运用的规则，构建句子的框架，遣词造句的黏合剂，也是英语各项技能的基础，尤其在写作过程中起着举足轻重的作用。 但四、六级考试改革中对语法题目的减少使很多人误以为语法的地位被削弱，加之近年来重视综合技能的各类语言理论的出现，使得一部分考生在写作复习过程中完全摈弃对语法部分的准备，久而久之，形成了“轻语法，重语感”的习惯。而另一部分考生则缺乏必要的语法运用能力，他们可以准确解答语法题目，却不能在作文中灵活运用语法写出漂亮句子。这些考生文章的共同特点就是只有其意，不见其形。 语言是思维的外衣，准确的语法是高分作文的重要必备条件。如果考生能在写作中娴熟地运用语法技巧，就可以使文章逻辑严密，形神兼备。 鉴于语法体系庞大繁杂而备考时间有限，此节内容无法涵盖整个语法体系，只能选择写作中出现频率较高的语法进行重点讲解，如状语前置、倒装、虚拟语气、强调句等，并辅以例句讲解，希望能够帮助考生扫除写作中的语法障碍，轻松闯关。 状语前置 一般而言，英语句子中，状语成分的位置是可前可后的。但状语的前置是六级作文中常用的句式。所谓状语前置，就是把修饰动词的状语结构，如分词短语，介词短语，动词不定式结构等放到句首。 这一句式的最大优点就是断句自然，让单调的句子有跳跃的节奏感。请看下面句子： 1）With the expansion of industrialization, requirement for energy all over the world is on the rise.（随着工业化进程的发展，全世界的能源需求都在增加。） 2）Once lushly forested, this region has seen more than 80% of its original vegetation cut down or burned. (这个地区曾经丛林密布，但现在80% 的原生植被被砍伐或焚烧。) 3）To reach millions of people who watch television, advertisers are willing to pay big money. (为了能抓住千千万万的电视观众，广告商们不惜花费巨额资金。) 在以上例句中，状语的前置使得句子结构分明，避免了后置的平庸化，尤其是第二个句子中的状语部分，既简洁又有力，本身就是一个出彩的表达，如果放置到句尾就不会出现这种效果了。而第三句中不定式目的状语的前置还在一定程度上起到了强调的作用。 倒装 倒装又分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did等,并将其置于主语之前。倒装的作用是为了强调或平衡句子结构。 倒装本身是较复杂的高级结构，如果在六级写作中能加以正确运用，就特别
一、选择题 1．They _________ any help because they can do it by themselves. A．don’t need to B．don’t need C．doesn’t need D．doesn’t need to 2．If it ___________ tomorrow, we will have a barbecue in the park. A．will rain B．rains C．won't rain D．doesn't rain 3．--- Mum, there's no milk in the fridge. 一Oh; but there ____________ two bottles of apple juice in it. A．are B．isn't C．aren't D．is 4．Peter_____ his homework after nine o'clock in the evening. A．doesn't do B．does not C．isn't do D．isn't doing 5．The teachers ________ on the blackboard with chalk in the future. A．isn't writing B．didn't write C．don't write D．won't write 6．If it ________ rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the zoo. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．don’t D．isn’t 7．Paul __________ go into the room. He __________ a key. A．can / hasn’t B．can’t / hasn’t C．can / doesn’t have D．can’t / don’t have 8．We __________ buy the train tickets. We can book one by phone now. A．needn’t to B．don’t need to C．need to D．need 9．“ Do you like ice-cream? ” “ No, I don’t. I ______ to be fat. ” A．want B．do want C．not want D．don’t want 10．She ___________ clean the classroom today. A．isn’t have to B．don’t have to C．doesn’t have to D．have to 11．There __________any homework tonight. Shall we go to see a film? A．isn’t going to be B．isn’t going to have C．aren’t going to have D．aren’t going to be 12．Li Ming ______ volleyball. He only watch it on TV. A．plays B．doesn’t play C．watches D．doesn’t watch 13．Bob has a TV, but he _____ a computer. A．doesn’t have B．don’t has C．doesn’t has 14．You______ worry about your lessons. Be careful next time and you will get a good mark. A．don’t need to B．not need C．needn’t to D．don’t need 15．—What’s this?—______ A．This’s a cat. B．This is a cat. C．Its a cat. D．It’s a cat. 16．---- ______ Tom in the English Club? ---- Yes, but he _____ go there very often.