初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
一、选择题 1．—Is the young woman playing the violin? —________． A．Yes，she is B．No，she doesn't C．Yes，she does D．No，he isn't 2．They like playing football, ________? A．do they B．don’t they C．aren’t they D．are they 3．—________ hours do you exercise every day? —Two. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How many 4．—________ — It is orange. A．What is this? B．What color is it? C．What are these? D．What color are they? 5．—Is your name Kangkang? —________ A．Yes, I am. B．No, I’m not.C．Yes, it is. D．Yes, it’s. 6．—__________ your name, please? —Yes, B-E-N, Ben. A．How do you spell B．How can you speak C．Can you spell D．What is 7．—Where__________ your friend __________from? —He comes from England. A．is; come B．do; come C．does; come D．are; be 8．—He’s never stolen anyt hing before，______ he? —______. It’s his third time to be taken to the police station. A．hasn’t：Yes B．is；Yes C．has；Yes D．has；No 9．---Is Alice writing? ---__________. She is listening to music. A．Yes, she is B．Yes, she does C．No, she doesn’t D．No, she isn’t 10．— ______ can I keep the books, madam？ — For two weeks. A．How long B．How many C．How often D．How much 11．— Why ______ you like the cat？ —Because she’s kind of ______. A．do; boring B．don’t; interesting C．do; interested D．don’t; boring 12．—_____ the population of the U.S.A．in 2005? —It _____ about 296 million. A．What is; is B．What was; was C．How many is; was D．How many was; is 13．—Could I smoke here?
一、选择题 1．- ______ do you go to visit your grandparents? - Once a week. A．How far B．How much C．How often D．How long 2．–________ would you like me to pay you? –Either Ali Pay or WeChat Pay. I don’t care. A．How B．What C．Why D．Who 3．—________ is it from your home to school? —It’s about ten minutes’ walk. A．How long B．How far C．How many 4．—________is the CISM Military（军事的）World Games held? — Every 4 years. A．How soon B．When C．How often D．How long 5．—I got into a fight with my best friends, what should I do? —________write him a letter? A．How about B．What about C．Why D．Why don't you 6．—Is your name Jim Green? —________. A．Yes, I am B．Yes, it is C．No, I am D．Yes, I’m 7．—Are these your friends? —________. They are his friends. A．Yes, these are. B．No, they aren't. C．No, these aren't. 8．— __________ books do you read every year? — About 30, I love reading. A．How much B．How old C．How many D．How often 9．—Is the young woman playing the violin? —________． A．Yes，she is B．No，she doesn't C．Yes，she does D．No，he isn't 10．—________ is it from the New Town to the old city centre? —About 30 minutes by underground. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 11．— ________do you go to school? — At seven. A．Where B．How C．Why D．When 12．—Raymond,you feed the birds today, ________?—But I fed it yesterday. A．do you B．will you C．didn’t you D．don’t you 13．—How is everything going at school ,dear ? —________. A．All right, thanks. B．Not too bad, I guess
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
初中英语语法大全：分外疑问句 用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做分外疑问句。回答分外疑问句时不能用yes或no。用降调。为了便于理解、掌握分外疑问句，我们把疑问词分为三类：疑问代词：what，who，Which，whose，whom 疑问副词：when，where，why，how 疑问形容词：what（which，whose）+名词 1疑问代词的用法 1.what引导的疑问句 此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。 a.对主语提问 What is in your pocket？ 你口袋里有什么？ 这个问题可以有两种回答： a：There is an egg in it. 在口袋里有一个蛋。 b：An egg is（in it）. 一个蛋（在里面）。What“s in the room？ 屋子里有什么？ There are a lot of chairs in it. =A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。 注意
回答此句型的问题时，答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。 b.对宾语提问 What did you buy？你买了什么？ I bought a bike.我买了辆自行车。 c.对表语提问 What is this？这是什么？ It“s a bench.这是一条长凳。 What is your mother？你妈妈是干什么的？ 注意 What is +人？此句型是问人的职业，大凡译为“是干什么的？”She is a teacher.她是个老师。2.Who，whom，whose引导的疑问句 此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。 Who broke the window？（对主语提问） 谁打破了窗户？ who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格，对宾语提问，但在口语中who可以代替whom。 Li Ming did.李明打破的。 Who is that woman？（对表语提问） 那个女人是谁？ She is my mother.她是我妈妈。（关系） 或者：She is Rose.她是罗思。（姓名）
一般疑问句 一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是指用yes（是）或no(否）来回答的句子。其结构是： 系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分 通常回答为： 肯定：Yes，+主语+提问的助动词. 否定：No,+主语+提问的助动词+not. 如: Are you from Japan﹖ Yes I am．/ No I’m not． Is her sister doing her homework now﹖ Yes she is． / No she isn't． Does he work in a bank﹖ Yes he does． / No he doesn't． Do you live near your school﹖ Yes I do． / No I don't． Can you speak French﹖ Yes I can． / No I can't． May I go home now﹖ Yes you may． / No you mustn't． 注意： 1．将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词（am/ is/ are）时，可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。如：I’m in Class 2Grade 1．→ Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖ We’re watching TV．→ Are you watching TV﹖ 2．陈述句中有情态动词（can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。如： He can swim now．→ Can he swim now﹖ The children may come with us．→ May the children come with us﹖ 3．陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如： I like these animals．→ Do you like these animals﹖ She wants to go to the movies．→ Does she want to go to the movies﹖
一、选择题 1．—________, Millie? —It’s February 1st. A．What’s the date today B．What day is it today C．What time is it D．What’s that 2．—________ do you play computer games, Lily? —I only play on Friday night. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 3．—_________? —She is a shop assistant in the biggest mall. A．How old is your sister B．What’s the matter with your sister C．Where does your sister work D．What does your sister do? 4．— Excuse me! _______ is it from your home to school? —About ten minutes’ ride. A．How long B．How much C．How often D．How far 5．–________ would you like me to pay you? –Either Ali Pay or WeChat Pay. I don’t care. A．How B．What C．Why D．Who 6．—________ is it from your home to school? —It’s about ten minutes’ walk. A．How long B．How far C．How many 7．— do you think about the story of Nu Wa Repairs the sky? — I think it is interesting. A．Why B．How C．What 8．—I got into a fight with my best friends, what should I do? —________write him a letter? A．How about B．What about C．Why D．Why don't you 9．—Are these your schoolbags? —No, __________aren't. They are__________. A．These; their B．they; theirs C．these; ours D．they; ours 10．— ______ can I keep the books, madam？ — For two weeks. A．How long B．How many C．How often D．How much 11．— do you go to work every day? —By bike. A．What B．Who C．How D．When
一般现在时练习题一 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. We often___________(play) in the playgound. 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock. 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What (do) he usually (do)after scho ol? He usuall (do) (h e) homework. 5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Scienc e and Art an school. 6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister 7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Mond ay? 10. What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework? 改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. （改为否定句） 3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis. （改为否定 句） （改为一般疑问 句） 4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为否定 句 （改为一般疑问 句） ( 划线提 问) 5. I watch TV every day.
一、选择题 1．What ______ your dream home ______? A．does; look B．does; like C．is; like D．is; look like 2．They like playing football, ________? A．do they B．don’t they C．aren’t they D．are they 3．—What color is the jacket?—________. A．It green B．It’s green C．It’s a green D．Is a green 4．Since the road is muddy,it ________last night, ________? A．must be rained; wasn’t it B．must have rained; didn’t it C．must rained; didn’t it D．must have rained; wasn’t it 5．—________ do you play computer games, Lily? —I only play on Friday night. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 6．— Excuse me! _______ is it from your home to school? —About ten minutes’ ride. A．How long B．How much C．How often D．How far 7．–________ would you like me to pay you? –Either Ali Pay or WeChat Pay. I don’t care. A．How B．What C．Why D．Who 8．—______? —It’s a little interesting. A．Would you like to read book B．Did you read the book C．What kind of books do you like reading D．How do you like the book 9．—Is the girl your friend? —________. Her name's Gina. A．No, it isn't. B．Yes, she is. C．Yes, it is. 10．— ______ can I keep the books, madam？ — For two weeks. A．How long B．How many C．How often D．How much 11．— __________ books do you read every year? — About 30, I love reading. A．How much B．How old C．How many D．How often 12．I am very thirsty now. But there is little water in the glass, ________? A．is there B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is it 13．— What does your best friend Amy look like?— ______ A．She’s fine, thanks.B．She likes pandas best. C．She’s of medium height with long curly hair. D．She is like a sister to me.
一般疑问句，否定句 课题一：一般疑问句general question 重点：辨别一般疑问句，掌握一般疑问句语法结构和使用方法。 难点：1.一般疑问句的句子结构。 2.一般疑问句和陈述句之间的转化。动词时态的变化。 教具准备：教学讲义练习题。 教学过程： 1.复习：P17,P32 重新朗读课文。复习单词和语法。 2.提出课题： Does...like...(doing)? Yes,...does./No,...doesn’t. Is/Are...(doing)? Yes,...is/are./No,...isn’t/aren’t. 由以上例句总结一下一般疑问句的定义:一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是一般只用yes （是）或no（否）来回答的句子。朗读一般疑问句时用升调。 3.教学步骤： a.举出更多例句. Eg1. 问句：Is this your pen？ 肯答：Yes，it is. 否答：No，it isn`t. Eg2. 问句：Are these your books？ 肯答：Yes，they are. 否答：No，they aren’t. Eg3. 问句：Can you speak English? 肯答：Yes，I can. 否答：No，I can’t. Eg4. 问句：Do you likeapple？ 肯答：Yes，I do. 否答：No，I don’t. b.总结一下一般疑问的句子结构及回答。（句子结构的记忆方法：就是讲前面2个词调换位置了。） Is/Are+主语+其他部分? 。。。是。。。？ Eg1. Is this your pen？
当只有一支笔的时候就用Is, 回答：Yes,it is/No,it isn’t . 当有两只及以上用时用Are,而且要讲这个（this）/那个（that）变为这些（these)/那些（those).笔要加s变成复数。 如：Are these/those your pens? 回答：Yes,they are/No,they aren’t. ② Can/Will+主语+V-原型? (后面动词都用原型） Eg. You can open the door→Can you open the door? You will go to school next Monday →Will you go to school next Monday ? ③Do/Does+主语+V-原型？ Eg. Do you likeapple？ Does Mary like cat? 第一，二人称（I,You）用Do; 第三人称(Mary）用Does Parents等复数也用Do. 举例:我需要现在回家吗？Do i need to go home now?回答： 你父母喜欢英语吗？Do your parents like English? Alice喜欢花吗？Does Alice like flower？ C.辨别以下是否为一般疑问句。 Are you a student? Is it his pet? What is that over there? Can you swim? Do you have a storybook? This is a toy bear,I think.
初中英语语法大全：名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如： work。 … 注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。
[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange （×）→a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→an old desk （○）一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 ！ 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中，如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下： （1）一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 （2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
一、选择题 1．— Do you row much? — Yes, ________. A．for two hours B．quite a lot C．from five o'clock to ten 2．—________ the population of your town? —About thirty thousand. A．What are B．How much is C．How many are D．What’s 3．— What are those? —________. A．Those are books B．These are books C．They are books D．It’s a book 4．—Is the boy your friend? —No, ________. A．it isn’t B．he isn’t C．she isn’t D．I am not 5．— do your parents go to the movies? — Twice a month. A．How soon B．How far C．How often D．How long 6．I want to know your age.___________ A．How are you? B．How old are you? C．What’s your name? D．When is your birthday? 7．—______? —It’s a little interesting. A．Would you like to read book B．Did you read the book C．What kind of books do you like reading D．How do you like the book 8．—Is there in the room? — . There is only one old desk. A．anything special; Yes B．anything special; No C．special anything; Yes D．special anything; No 9．—________ — It is orange. A．What is this? B．What color is it? C．What are these? D．What color are they? 10．—________. —It's under the chair. A．Where is my basketball? B．Where are my keys? C．Is it a basketball? 11．—Is the girl your friend? —________. Her name's Gina. A．No, it isn't. B．Yes, she is. C．Yes, it is. 12．—_____ the population of the U.S.A．in 2005? —It _____ about 296 million. A．What is; is B．What was; was C．How many is; was D．How many was; is 13．— __________ books do you read every year? — About 30, I love reading. A．How much B．How old C．How many D．How often
一、肯定句改否定句的方法——一步法 1、在 be 动词后加not。如： is not ， are not ， am not， was not， were not； 2、在 can，等后加not。如： cannot 3、上述都没有的，在动词前加助动词否定形式do not, does not.(don ’t/doesn’ t) 4、 some 改成 any。 二、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法——三步法 1、把 be 动词放在句首，剩下的照抄，（some改成any，my改成your等）句点改成问号。 2、把 can，等放到句首，剩下的照抄，（some改成any，my改成your等）句点改成问号。例如：陈述句 :They are in the park.He can play the guitar.. 一般疑问句 :Are they in the park?Can he play the guitar? 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 1.I am listening to music. _______________________________________ 2.Mike is a student. _______________________________________ 3.Sarah can clean the classroom. ________________________________________ 4.They are in the zoo. ________________________________________ 5.There are some flowers in the vase. ________________________________________ 6.This is my sister. _________________________________________ 7.We are sweeping the floor. __________________________________________ 3、上述都没有的，在句首请助动词 Do/Does 帮忙，剩下的照抄，（ some 改成 any， my 改成your 等）句点改成问号。 例如：陈述句一般疑问句:I like the ducks.He likes the dogs. :Do you like the ducks?Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子改为一般疑问句。 1.We need some masks. _________________________________ 2.They like making the puppet. _________________________________ 3.Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _________________________________________________ 4.I put a book on my head. _________________________________________________ 5.They sing “ In the classroomtogether”.
……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………………………………………… 一、陈述句改为一般疑问句： 1.当句子中含有be动词(am is are was were)或情态动词(can, could, may, should等）时，把be动 词或情态动词提到句首。 如：①He is a docter.-----Is he a docter? ②They were in the house yesterday.----Were they in……? 另外，为符合实际习惯 I am/We are..…------Are you…? I was/We were…-----Were you….? I /We can…-----Can you…..? 2.当句中含有实义动词时，也就是句子不含上面所提到那些be 动词或情态动词时，必须在句首 加DO/Does/Did,具体情况分以下三方面： ㈠当句子中含有动词原型时，在句子前加Do, 其中，I + 动词。。。------Do you…? 如：①I like music.---Do you like music? ②They work here.----Do they work here? ㈡当句子中含有的动词加S或es时，即句子是一般现在时，且主语为第三人称单数时，在句子前加Does.如：①He likes music.------Does he like music? ②Tom comes from China.-----Does Tom come from China? （注意在此情况下，应把疑问句中的动词变原型。） ㈢当句子中的动词为过去式，在句子前加Did再把动词变原型。如： I went to the park yesterday.-----Did you go to the….? He played football this morning.-----Did he play……? 二、陈述句改为否定句： 1.当句子中含有be动词(am is are was were)或情态动词(can, could , should等），在be动词或情 态动词后加not.如： ①He is a docter. ----He is not a docter. ②They were in the house yesterday.---They were not in…… ③Tom can swim.-----Tom can not swim. 2.当句中含有实义动词时，也就是句子不含上面所提到的be动词或情态动词时，必须在原句动词 前加don’t,或doesn ’t或didn’t： ㈠当句子中含有动词原型时，在动词前加don’t： 如：I like music,-----I don’t like music. They go to school by bike.-----They don’t go to…… ㈡当句子中含有的动词加s或es时，即句子是一般现在时，且主语为第三人称单数时，在句子中的动词前加doesn ‘t，再把动词变原型: 如：He likes music.-----He doesn’t like music. Tom works here----- Tom doesn’t work here. ㈢当句子中的动词为过去式，在动词前加didn’t，再把动词变原型 如：I went to the park yesterday.------I didn’t go to………. He played football this morning ------He didn’t play football……. 1
中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock, 合成名词：8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail, 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)： 表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet, far, 合成形容词：8-year-old, hard-working, 4、数词(num.)： 表示数量或事物的顺序。 基数词：one, two, three, hundred, 序数词：first, second, third, 量词：a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of,six pairs of, 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。 系词：am, is,are, 半系词：look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell, turn, 实意动词：have, see , think, beat, walk, 助动词：辅助动词构成否定、疑问等语气，辅助东西构成时态语态等。如： be,do,does,did,will,can,should,may, 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home, upstairs, hard, very, really, 7、冠词(art..)： 用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 如in, on, at, from, above, under, behind, with, without, to, 短语介词：next to, in front of, at the age of, 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, or, before, when, while, after, as soon as, if, unless, until, because, so, though, but, even if, even though, as if, 10、感叹词(interj..): 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello 2、句子成分： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
