非谓语动词：
1.Have you decided ____?
A.to go with whom
B. whom to go with
C. whom go with
D. with whom to go
2.It is not always easy _____invitations.
A.to refuse
B. refusing
C. to be refused
D. being refused
3.My car has broken down. Would you help me _____.
A.to get the car to start
B. get the car start
C. to get the car started
D. get to start the car
4. To answer correctly is more important ______.
A. a quick finish
B. to finish quickly
C. finishing quickly
D. you finish quickly
5. How _____the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
A. to solve
B. to be solved
C. being solved
D. solving
6. It was polite _____the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman.
A. for
B. of
C. to
D. with
7. It is necessary ______the book immediately ?
A. for him to return
B. that he returns
C. his returning
D. of him to return
8. It ____forty-five minutes _____there by bus.
A. cost, to get
B. takes, getting
C. takes, to get
D. takes, to get to
9. It is no good ______. You should give _____.
A. to smoke, it up
B. smoking, it up
C. smoking, up it
D. to smoke, up it
10. Do you have any clothes _____today? Said the maid.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. washed
D. to be washed
11. Do you consider it any good _____again?
A. to try
B. try
C. trying
D. for you to try
12. I don’t think it is much good _______to him.
A. writing
B. to write
C. to be written
D. being written
13. _______the assignment made his father lose his temper.
A. The boy’s not having done
B. The boy not having done
C. The boy’s having not done
D. The boy having not done
14. I don’t remember ______ about it.
A. he telling us
B. his telling us
C. him to tell us
D. he tells us
15. Her wish is ______an engineer.
A. becoming
B. become
C. to become C. being come
16. Some people’s greatest pleasure is _____.
A. fishing
B. to fish
C. to be fishing
D. being fishing
17. The report was so ____ that they were all _____.
A. inspiring, exciting
B. inspiring, excited
C. inspired, excited
D. inspired, exciting
18. He seems _____here for three years.
A. to be living
B. to have lived
C. to have been lived
D. to live
19. What we can do is to try ____that he ought to study more.
A. making him to realize
B. making him realize
C. to make him realize
D. to make him to realize
20. You didn’t need ___him the news; it just made him sad.
A. telling
B. tell
C. to tell
D. that you would tell
21. The police forbid _____here.
A. park
B. parking
C. to park
D. to be parked
22. The heavy rain forbade me ____to school.
A. from my coming
B. to come
C. come
D. my coming
23. I would appreciate ______back this afternoon.
A. you to call me
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you’re calling
24. Can you imagine yourself _____on a desert island.
A. staying
B. stay
C. have stayed
D. being stayed
25. Please excuse my _____ in without _____.
A. come, asking
B. coming, asking
C. to come, being asked
D. coming, being asked
26. Why have they delayed _____ the new school?
A. opening
B. to open
C. having opened
D. to have opened
27. I got to the station earlier than others. I couldn’t risk ______the train.
A. missing
B. would miss
C. to miss
D. missed
28. Did you notice the little boy ____ away?
A. took the candy and run
B. take the candy and run
C. taking the candy and run
D. who taking the candy running
29. Professor Black had us _____compositions every Friday.
A. to write
B. written
C. write
D. writing
30. The plane was noticed ______at six.
A. to take off
B. take off
C. get off
D. to get off
31. The book is said _____into many foreign languages.
A. to have been translated
B. to have translated
C. to be translating
D. having been translated
32. He ordered the room _____.
A. to sweep
B. to be swept
C. should sweep
D. swept
33. She was glad to see her child well _____.
A. take care of
B. taken care of
C. taken care
D. taking care of
34. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart _____.
A. beat
B. beating
C. beaten
D. to beat
35. The teacher got the students ____all the words they didn’t know.
A. looked up
B. looking in
C. to look up
D. look at
36. When he returned home, she found the window open and something ______.
A. to steal
B. losing
C. missed
D. stolen
37. The man managed to make himself_____ with his ____French.
A. understood, breaking
B. understand, broken
C. understand, breaking
D. understood, broken
38. John left his coat _____on the sofa.
A. laying
B. lying
C. laid
D. lain
39. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _____.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sat
D. be sat on
40. I’d like to buy an expensive camera. Well, we have several models to _______.
A. to choose from
B. to choose
C. to be chosen
D. for choosing
41. He loves parties. He is always the first ____ and the last_____.
A. coming, leaving
B. to come, to leave
C. comes, leaves
D. come, leave
42. He has no pen ______. He seems ______it.
A. to write, to forget bringing
B. to write with, to forget to bring
C. to use with, to have forgotten bring
D. to write with, to have forgotten to bring
43. Most of the people _____to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invited
C. being invited
D. inviting
44. There was a terrible noise _____the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
45. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
46. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
47. We should do as much as we can _____water.
A. for saving
B. to save
C. save
D. saved
48. Thank you for the great trouble you have had ______me with my computer work.
A. helping
B. to help
C. help
D. helped
49. The policeman warned the young man _____after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
50. She felt it a great shame _____so severely in the presence of her boy friend.
A. to criticize
B. to be criticizing
C. to be criticized
D. to have criticized
1._____these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and
____from the top of the highest building , Beijing looks more beautiful.
A.Seeing; seen
B. Seen; seeing
C. Seeing; seen
D. Seen; seen
2.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____that he had enjoyed his
stay here.
A.having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
3.__________their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.
A.Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed
4.___________with the best students, I still have a long way to go.
A.Having compared
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Compare
5._________, Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it.
A.Be a good swimmer
B. Being a good swimmer
C. Having been a good swimmer
D. To be a good swimmer
6. The big-eyed girl came in, ______a cake with two candles on it.
A. bring; lit
B. brought; lighted
C. carrying; lighted
D. taking; lighting
7. _____how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.
A. Having not known
B. Not to know
C. Don’t know
D. Not knowing
8. ___________that his mother had been badly ill, he returned from abroad.
A. Heard
B. Having been heard
C. Having heard
D. To hear
9. All things ____, I think we ought to give the job to Tom.
A. considered
B. considering
C. to consider
D. being considered
10. Tom ______late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.
A. having been
B. been
C. to be
D. to being
11. Weather ____, we shall play the match tomorrow.
A. permits
B. permitted
C. to permit
D. permitting
12. He was lying on the grass, his hands ______under his head.
A. to cross
B. crossed
C. crossing
D. to be crossing
13. Though ______of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
A. warning
B. to warn
C. warn
D. warned
14. ________deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
A. Buried
B. Burying
C. To bury
D. Being buried
15. Eva, ______in Canada, lived and practiced law in America.
A. was born
B. he was born
C. although born
D. being born
16. _____with a difficult situation , Tom decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face
B. Having faced
C. Faced
D. Facing
17. When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
18. We are certain that everything will go well as ____.
A. to be planned
B. planned
C. being planned
D. having been planned
19. The path in the park look beautiful, _____ with _____leaves.
A. covered; falling
B. covered; fallen
C. covering; falling
D. covering; fallen
20. The trees _____in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
非限定动词Non-finite verb:
1. Is the radio bothering you?
It certainly is. I’d like it _____ off.
A. turning
B. to turn
C. turned
D. turns
2._____ nearly thirty years for the planet Saturn to complete one orbit.
A. It takes
B. To take it
C. Taking it
D. Takes it
3.Many people favor ______ more nuclear power plants.
A. to build
B. built
C. build
D. building
4.The way to learn a language is to practise _____ as often as possible.
A. to speak
B. spoken
C. speaking
D. being spoken
5. I want to buy a camera.
We have several models _____.
A. for you to choose from
B. for your choice
C. for the choice of yours
D. for you to choose at
6. They appear _____ in the accident.
A. to be injuring
B. being injured
C. to injure
D. to have been injured
7. What does it cost to telephone your family in Cairo?
It is too expensive _________.
A. to be thinking it
B. even to think it
C. even to consider it
D. to have been injured
8. How about going sailing with us tomorrow?
_________ very much.
A. I’ll like to
B. I’d like to
C. I’d like
D. I’ll like it
9. Any student _______ in chess can apply for membership.
A. having a keen interest
B. with a keen interesting
C. who is keenly interesting
D. has a keen interest
10. Mr Wilson is expected back at noon.
Would you have him _____ then, please?
A. calling me
B. call me
C. to calling me
D. called me
11.It is known that electrical and chemical energy began _____ systematically in the last century.
A. study
B. to study
C. be study
D. to be studied
12._______, we went swimming.
A. Being a hot day
B. It was a hot day
C. It being hot
D. Owing to a hot day
13.Returning to my apartment _______.
A. my watch was missing
B. I found my watch disappeared
C. I found my watch missing
D. the watch was missed
14.Because of the complexity of the modern machine, most offices require secretaries ___.
A. to have specified training
B. specified in training
C. to train specified
D. training specified
15.Mr. Smith doesn't want ___ what to buy.
A.his wife tell him
B. for his wife to tell him
C. his wife to tell him
D. that his wife to tell him
16.I’d rather ___ where I am.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. I stay
D. stay
17.In order to be a good student, _____.
A. mathematics is urgent
B. one should have the mathematics
C. one must understand mathematics
D. mathematics is important to be understood
18.What did Jaff say after accident?
He was ______ frightened ____ anything.
A. to be; to say
B. so; saying
C. such; for saying
D. too; to say
19._____ the performance of these instruments is the only means of solving the problem under
discussion.
A. Being compared
B. Compared
C. Comparing
D. Have to compare
20.I have enjoyed my visit here. I will be very sorry ____.
A. for leaving
B. of leaving
C. to leave
D. with leaving
21.The construction of the laboratory ___ by the end of next month.
A. must have completed
B. must have been completed
C. must be completed
D. must complete
22.I have a swimming suit to _____ the cleaner, Mary.
A. be sent
B. send to
C. be sent to
D. be sending to
23.One cannot appreciate the marked improvement achieved without ___ table II and III.
A. being compared
B. comparing
C. having been compared
D. compared
24.In spite of all difficulties encountered，the research laboratory succeeded in _____ the
method under consideration.
A. being mastered
B. mastering
C. having mastered
D. master
25.She keeps ____ us what to do.
A. to tell
B. to tell
C. telling
D. of telling
26.We’d better not ____ th em again.
A. ask
B. to ask
C. asked
D. asking
27.I wonder if you’d mind ____ a moment.
A. to wait
B. that you wait
C. for waiting
D. waiting
28.George has h ad a lot of teaching experience, hasn’t he?
Yes, indeed. _____ English since 1960.
A. He’s taught
B. He’s teaching
C. He was teaching
D. He’d taught
29.____ in the Academy for so many years, he knew the people very well.
A. Having worked
B. Working
C. Worked
D. To have worked
30. You will see that wires will be repelled instead of ____ .
A. attracting
B. having been attracted
C. being attracted
D. to attract
31. The apparatus in question are broken on account of its_____ of an unsuitable material.
A. making
B. being made
C. having made
D. be made
32.We’d really like you ___ to the party tonight.
A. come
B. to come
C. will come
D. should come
33.He didn’t let me ___ the piano.
A. play
B. to play
C. playing
D. that I could play
34.Electricity is said to ____ for about a few hundred years.
A. have known
B. has been known
C. have been known
D. having known
35.Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word ____.
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. to speak
D. speak
36.If we ___ here two minutes earlier, we ____ the train.
A.arrived; would catch
B. had arrived; had caught
C. arrived; would have caught
D. had arrived; would have caught
37._____ , the invention is useless.
A. To speak practical
B. In speaking practical
C. Speaking practical
D. Practically speaking
38._____ his homework, he went out to play football.
A. Done
B. Doing
C. Having done
D. To do
39.____ in the rain, he was wet to the skin.
A. Having been caught
B. Being caught
C. Having done
D. To do
40.____ such a good chance, how could she give it up?
A. Giving
B. To be given
C. Having given
D. Having been given
41.Hob was criticized , for he went to class with his exercises ____.
A. not having done
B. not being done
C. not doing
D. undone
42.The pressure of gas is in proportion to temperature, other things ____ equal.
A. being
B. been
C. be
D. are
43.It isn’t worthwhile ____ the recent issue of this periodical.
A. read
B. reading
C. you to read
D. for your reading
44.There is something wrong with my TV set. I must have it ____.
A. checking
B. check
C. to check
D. checked
45.When water is ___ 100C, it will change into water vapor.
A. heating
B. heated
C. having been heated
D. being heated
46.I have on objection ___ the evening with them.
A. to spend
B. to be spending
C. to spending
D. to have to spend
47.Wherever you go on the earth, there is always gravity ____.
A. to keep you to fall off
B. to keep you from falling off
C. to keep you falling off
D. to keep you fall off
48.____ under an apple tree., Newton was thinking and thinking.
A. Lied
B. Lying
C. Laying
D. Had lied
49.In addition to its ___ as a wide-range voltmeter, the instrument can serve as an ammeter.
A. using
B. being used
C. having used
D. making use
50.Some of the stars are so far away that it is impossible ____ in miles.
A. that we measure it
B. to us to measure it
C. for us to measure them
D. that measuring them
51.I appreciated ____ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
A. having been given
B. having given
C. to have been given
D. to have given
52.Ted has told me that he always escapes ____ as he has got very fast sports car.
A. to fine
B. to be fined
C. being fined
D. having been fined
53. ____ over and over again, this substance is good enough for chemical use.
A. To have been purified
B. To be purified
C. Purified
D. Being purified
54. I sat until after eleven, ____ in a book.
A. absorbing
B. having absorbed
C. absorbed
D. having been absorbing
55.____ that some guests were coming, they got the rooms ready.
A. Having told
B. Telling
C. Having been told
D. To tell
56.____ a good chance, he might have become an engineer long ago.
A. Having given
B. Given
C. Giving
D. To have been given
57.Industry and agriculture will develop rapidly, with science and technology ____.
A. to modernize
B. modernizing
C. modernizes
D. modernized
58.____ a fine day, we decided to go out on a picnic.
A. Having been
B. Being
C. What
D. It being
59._____ finished his homework, he had to stay home at the weekend.
A. Having not
B. Not having
C. Being not
D. Having not been
60.____ by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
A. To be protected
B. protecting
C. Being protected
D. To have been protected
61.Standing on the bank, the children watched the boat ______ with medical supplies.
A. having loaded
B. loading
C. being loaded
D. having been loaded
62.Those relations of his are ___. I don’t want to have any dealing with them.
A. boring people
B. bored people
C. people having bored
D. people having boring
63.He want ___ as soon as possible.
A. that his bike is repaired
B. this bike to be repaired
C. that this bike repairs
D. this bike repair
64.Because of my poor English I am afraid I can’t make myself ____.
A. being understood
B. to understand
C. understanding
D. understood
65.The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes ___ on the TV screen.
A. to fix
B. fix
C. fixed
D. fixing
66.Nobody enjoys having a tooth ____.
A. drill and fill
B. drilling and filling
C. to drill and fill
D. drilled and filled
67.The noise of desks ____ could be heard out in the street.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. having been opened and closed
68.It’s no use ____ children to keep quiet. They can’t help ___ noise.
A. to ask; to make
B. asking ; make
C. to ask; make
D. asking ; making
69.We can’t understand why he avoided ____ to us.
A. to speak
B. speak
C. having spoke
D. speaking
70.New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
A. being fully accepting
B. having fully accepted
C. fully accepting
D. being fully accepted
71.During the vacation, part of my time was spent ____.
A. swim and boating
B. swimming and boat
C. swimming and boating
D. to swim and boat
72.You don’t object ____ you by your first name, do you ?
A. that I call
B. to my calling
C. for calling
D. that I am call
73.I really appreciate ___ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself.
A. you to offer
B. your offering
C. that you offer
D. that you are offering
74. Lack of transport means _____ to walk over the mountain.
A. had
B. to have
C. have
D. having
75. Accustomed to climbing trees, ____.
A. I had no difficulty reaching the top
B. reaching the top was not hard to me
C. the top was not difficult for me to reach
D. to reach the top was not a problem
人人都能用英语读书笔记 关键在于“用”，以“熟悉”代替“钻研”。开场白 1、大脑是可塑的，成年人是可以学习第二语言的理论基础。 Taub 教授CI 疗法的成功首先证明区域论是错误的（至少不是完全正确的）——大脑可以重新组织自己；其次证明大脑自始至终都是可塑的，甚至可以重组——即，用一个新的脑图完成原本由受损的脑图完成的功能；最后证明的也是最重要的：脑图之间存在着相互竞争——所以，为了治好受损的右臂，要先把未受损的左臂给限制住。如果不把未受损的左臂给限制住的话，那么左臂的脑图将永远处于优势，进而，使得大脑对已经受损的右臂产生“习得之弃用”（Learned Nonuse） 这最后一条可以用来清楚地解释原本用“关键期论”错误地解释的现象：为什么成年后学习第二语言显得更为困难？ 成年之后，第二语言学习显得更为困难的原因并不在于关键期论所说的“此后大脑不再可塑”，而实际上在于这是第二语言所使用的脑图要与已经形成强大势力的母语脑图竞争——当然越来越难。然而，恰恰是这样的认识给了人们希望。目前，有很多教育学家开始提倡“浸泡式学习”，有一定的依据，也有相当的效果。所谓“浸泡式学习”，就是在特定的时间、特 定的环境里，强迫学生只使用第二语言，禁止使用母语，进而刺激大脑加速构建新的脑图。风靡全球的罗赛塔石碑语言学习软体（Rosetta Stone9）就是基于这个原理开发出来的。 对于第二语言习得者来说，最直观、最有意义的好消息是：1) 什么时候开始学都不晚；2) 只要方法得当，并加以时日，一定能学好。在学习这件事儿是，相信自己一定能学好，并不一定保证真的能够学好；但是，反过来，如果相信自己不可能学好，那最终真的就不可能学好。所谓“自证预言”（Self-fulfilling prophecy10）就是这样，总是在负面起作用。事实上，“语言习得关键期”之说四十多年来在全球造成了难以估计的恶果，不计其数的人在不经意之间把“假说”当成了“定论”，相信自己不可能学好，进而成为“自证预言”注定的受害者。“我没天分”、“我就学不好”、“英语太难了”之类的话，甚至这类的念头，其实都是强大的诅咒。 2、短期内学好英语对一个正常的人来说是一个可行的目标。 我们衡量一个目标是否现实，有一个特别简单而又朴实的判断标准——“有没有人成功过？”如果答案为真，为了确定那不是小概率事件，还可以进一步问“是不是有很多人成功？”如果这次的答案还为真，那么这就是个现实可行的目标。习得第二语言就是这样一个现实而又可行的目标。 进而，习得第二语言本质上来看，相对于其他任何领域都更多依赖积累，更少依赖天分的学科。对大多数人来说，语言只是工具；学习语言几乎无需创意，因为它只是最终用来表达创意的东西而已。学一门外语理论上来讲应该比学计算机容易多了：计算机技术总是日新月异，每个领域都有更高更陡峭的学习曲线；而学外语则不同，它是越学越简单的东西，语法知识总有一天可以学完，单词总有一天不用再背，而不停地读书，实际上已经不是在学习英语了，而是在享用工具。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed；before；director；explained；when；of；a；longer；his；at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系，故填Dressed。 （2）考查状语从句。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。 （3）考查名词。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 （4）考查时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night，并且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系词when。 （6）考查介词。句意：人体温度之所以会下降，部分原因在于，（这时）人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张，散发了热量。空前前后都是名词，所以空格处应填介词，the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系，故填of。 （7）考查冠词。句意：温暖的床（温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间）有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个可数单数名词短语，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的，故填a。
考点15非谓语动词 高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 【命题预测】 预测2018年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中考查的份额很重。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义； 2. 掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态； 3. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能； 4. 掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。 非谓语动词的形式和意义
考向一非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ?To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ?We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。?We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ?The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 1.(2017·北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
大学英语语法专项练习题 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three months. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _____ what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We ________our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 4. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they________ better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I ______my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D. do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ________. A. finish what I did B. finished what I did C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing 7. He _________when the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt himself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurting himself 8. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all those old houses _______down. A. will have been pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulling D. will be pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt ________the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbing up B. while we were climbing up C. while we climbed up D. while he climbed up 10. Pick me up at 8 o'clock. I _______ my bath by then. A. may have B. will be having C. can have had D. will have had 11. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people________. A. will object B. objected C. must object D. have objected 12. By the end of this month, we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem A. have found B. will be finding C. are finding D. will have found 13. We __________to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hope B. hope C. had hoped D. should hope 14. The gray building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts______ A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced 15. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television __________the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced 16. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been rising 17. Until then, his family___________ from him for six months. A. didn't hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard
英语语法新思维 初级教程-走进语法 名词短语 名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。 英文中的介词不能单独使用，其后面必须接宾语，所接的宾语也往往是名词短语。 名词短语的构造-“黄金公式”左二右六的定语规律 前置定语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的围。these three a the my that 其二是形容词，是用来表示名词的性质和特征的。 限定词+形容词+中心名词+介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句 名词才有定语。 名词 名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示特定的人、物、机构或场所等的名词(首字母必须大写)。 普通名词：1.可数名词：个体名词(表示同类的人或物中的个体student tree hospital house piano) 集体名词(表示若干人或物的总称team committee police group family) 2.不可数名词：物质名词（表示物质和材料的总称paper water cotton air） 抽象名词：（表示动作、性质、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称birth evolution hope sport） 一，专有名词 1.人名及头衔 2.著作名称 3.月份 公历the solar calendar 阴历the lunar calendar 汉语阴历月份要用序数词来表达。 阴历二月：the second month on the lunar calendar或the second lunar month 七夕：the seventh of the seventh lunar month 中秋：the fifteenth of the eighth lunar month 春节：the first of the first lunar month 4.星期，四季winter summer spring autumn 5.节日:Christmas Easter New Year's Day Mother's Day Thanksgiving Day 6.地理名称 国家及的名称 地区，城市的名称 江，河，湖泊的名称 山脉，沙漠的名称 名词的数：可数与不可数 名词的可数性侧重于名词的意义，名词的单复数形式侧重于名词的构成形式。 不可数名词的规律： 1.对于一些无法分割的名词，我们将其看作一个整体，因而作为不可数名词，没有复数变化。主要是一些物质名词。气体液体固体 2.一些因其组成部分太小而不易数的名词。主也是一些物质名词。 3.表示总称的名词通常不可数。这些名词侧重于表示某类事物的总的概念，而不是具体的事物。如果要具体指出该总概念下的具体食物，则要用其他不同的名词。
一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.
语法填空专项训练 1 Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken.
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
高级阅读教学课程 徐韶华 一、师生各自自我介绍 二、书籍介绍 口语书籍介绍 《美国口语4+1》20元主编：赵东坡 思维和文化的角度介绍美式英语的特点。 口语：accuracy fluency 语法书介绍 张满胜《英语语法新思维》初级、中级、高级世界出版社出版 英语是一种重视逻辑的语言。这本书的例句多来自心灵鸡汤、政治新闻、电影台词、高考题等等。 三、阅读讲解 技巧只能是锦上添花并不是雪中送炭，要教给学生真真实实的能力。 在阅读当中遇到难处的四大拦路虎： A语法：1长难句（三大从句）2省略句、分裂 3强调句4纷繁复杂的倒装5否定、 6比较7非谓语动词结构 B阅读和听力—积累单词 C文化、习惯用语 D母语基本功 1、先告诉学生长难句并不可怕，只是由多个简单句累积而成。再长再短的句子根本是抓住谓语，（五种基本简单句句型）找到主句的谓语动词再找分句的谓语。 所以，第一关告诉学生是找到动词。（这就需要将动词的各种形式讲清楚。） 第二关找连词；第三关 忠告：教师自己做加法，给学生做减法 （二级、三级翻译教程书） 死亡是具有戏剧性的，一生只有一次，然而衰老却是一天一天，一年一年的去面对…… 2、Of 的四种用法（微观语法） 四分之一的用法是：引导同位语 四分之三的用法是：所属关系 第四分之三的用法是：统一归类（人以群分） 另外四分之一的用法是：比喻（有如…..的） （有专门的语法书，每种词性一本书） 英语非常简单，所以她才普及啊！ 3讲阅读文章 一、可先读文章的首段，和每段的首句；让学生了解文章要讲的是什么，这样有利于分 配时间，有的学生可能会对本篇文章说的内容非常了解，他就可以有信心做这篇文章。 二、只读前三道题的题干就可以，但不能全读或只读一道题，因为5道题的顺序不一定 就是按照文章段落的顺序来的，第一题可能是概括题，第二三道是细节题。有引号的句子题干可能是细节题。Litter =offspring 三、盯住题目中的专有词 四、单词的引申含义；litter=offspring be nervous= beworry (euphemism—委婉) 如：raise the roof hit the ceiling
高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案：31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential（潜在的）risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing