非谓语动词
教学重点
1，非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别；
2，非谓语动词的各种形式和应用；
3，非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如：
Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches是谓语动词。）Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk不定式作状语）2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如：Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。（动词用第三人称单数形式）Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。（do用原形）
二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下：
非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下：
三、考点解析
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：
To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.
②动名词作主语的句型。如：
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)
③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：
动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：
His coming made me happy.
I can't imagine his/him living there alone.
④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：
Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.
完成下列句子：
①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)．
②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)．
③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?
④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)．
⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.
⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.
⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.
【答案】①of you to believe what he said②for him to do such a thing ③my/me smoking④your/you arguing with him⑤Going⑥Being taken ⑦Being devoted
2动名词和不定式作宾语
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：
attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)
②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：
acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，
tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主张)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)
③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：
have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed to
④to作为介词的短语有：
look forward to，pay attention to，object to＝be opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to＝contribute to(sb. doing/being done)
⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doing
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋to do如：
I don't allow smoking in my room.
I don't allow him to smoke in my room.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)．
③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.
④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.
【答案】①to meet②being caught③to be writing④sailing⑤to stop
3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
②stop to do停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing停止正在或经常做的事
go on to do继续(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret doing sth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try to do努力、企图做
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean to do(人)打算，有意要……
mean doing(物)意味着
⑥can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Don't you remember ________(see) the man before?
②I regret ________(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.
③Let's try ________(do) the work some other way.
④I didn't mean ________(hurt) your feeling.
⑤I'm so busy that I can't help ________(clean) the house with you.
⑥After we finished our homework，we went on ________(review) the new lesson.
【答案】①seeing②to inform③doing④to hurt⑤(to) clean⑥to review
4不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
①不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
②如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
③过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人……”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①His wish is ________(go) abroad.
②His hobby is________(collect) stamps.
③The most important thing is ________(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.
④What he should do is ________(work) hard.
⑤He felt ________(embarrass)．
【答案】①to go②collecting③to negotiate④work
⑤embarrassed
5分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词＋宾语＋动词不定式)：
ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer(喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray(请求)，remind(提醒)，beg(请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱赶)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。
②感官动词，如：see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。
使役动词have，make的用法(注意have作为“有”的用法)：使役动词have 可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make后接不带to 的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。
③catch，find，get，leave，keep，set，send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①I often hear him ________(sing) the song.
I often hear the song________(sing)．
I heard him ________(sing) the song when I passed by.
I heard the song ________(sing) when I passed by.
②I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything ________(take) to your son?
I won't have you ________(talk) to him like that!
I had him ________(repair) my bike.
I had my bike ________(repair)．
You shouldn't have the light ________(burn) all the night.
③His letter left me ________(feel) pretty bad.
He left the work________(unfinish)．
You can leave him ________(finish) the work.
What she said set me ________(think)．
The push sent him ________(fall) down.
【答案】①sing；sung；singing；being sung②to be taken；talking；repair；repaired；burning③feeling；unfinished；to finish；thinking；falling
6分词和动词不定式作状语的区别
分词作状语，除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。
动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital.
②________(give) more time，I will finish the work.
③________(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine.
④He was excited ________(hear) the news.
⑤He did all he could ________(help) people in need.
⑥The place he referred to is hard ________(find)．
【答案】①Turning②Given③Waiting④to hear⑤to help⑥to find
7不定式和分词作定语的区别
不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。
此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any 等限定语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①The meeting________(hold) tomorrow is important.
②The meeting________(hold) now is important.
③The meeting ________(hold) yesterday was important.
【答案】①to be held②being held③held
8现在分词与过去分词的区别
现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系；而过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(see) from the top of the hill，the people on the street look like ants.
________(see) the scene，the people on the street let out a cry of joy.
②The room________(face) south is our classroom.
The room ________(paint) white is mine.
③When I returned，I found the door ________(lock)．
When I returned，I found him ________(watch) TV.
【答案】①Seen；Seeing②facing；painted③locked；watching
9“疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
When________(start) has not been decided.
【答案】to start
10only to do，never to do，only doing
only to do意为“结果却”；
never to do意为“结果却再没有”；
only doing意为“只是做”。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①He was busy writing a story，only________(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
②He hurried there，only ________(tell) the train had left.
③He left home，never________(hear) from.
【答案】①stopping②to be told③to be heard
11一致性
不定式和分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。
完成下列句子：
①______________ the film(看电影的时候)，he cried.
②________ the film(看电影的时候)，tears came down his face.
【答案】①When he saw/Seeing②When he saw/He seeing
12with复合结构
with后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动)、过去分词(表被动)、不定式(表将来)。with复合结构在句中作原因或伴随状语，还可以作定语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
考点15非谓语动词 高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 【命题预测】 预测2018年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中考查的份额很重。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义； 2. 掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态； 3. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能； 4. 掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。 非谓语动词的形式和意义
考向一非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ?To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ?We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。?We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ?The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 1.(2017·北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
普通高中 英语课程标准 （2017年版) 中华人民共和国教育部制定 附录3语法项目一览 说明： 不带*号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目（参见2011版《义务教育英语课程标准》）。这些项目还会大量出现在高中阶段更加丰富的语境中，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容。带*号的项目是高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带**号的项目是选择性必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带***号的项目是选修课程（提高类）要求学习和掌握的项目。 一、词类 1. 名词 （1）可数名词及其单、复数 （2）不可数名词 （3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格 2. 动词 （1）动词的基本形式 （2）及物动词和不及物动词 （3）系动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 3. 形容词 （1）形容词的基本形式 （2）形容词的比较级和最高级 4. 副词 （1）副词的基本形式
（2）副词的比较级和最高级5. 代词 （1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）反身代词 （4）指示代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 6. 数词 （1）基数词 （2）序数词 7. 介词 8. 连词 9. 冠词 10. 感叹词 二、构词法 1. 合成法 2. 派生法 3. 转化法 4. 缩写和简写 三、句法 1.句子种类 （1）陈述句 （2）疑问句 a. 一般疑问句 b. 特殊疑问句 c. 选择疑问句 d. 附加疑问句 （3）祈使句 （4）感叹句
2. 句子成分：按结构分类** （1）名词短语 （2）动词短语 （3）形容词短语 （4）副词短语 （5）介词短语 3. 句子成分：按功能分类 （1）主语（S） （2）谓语（指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词）（V）（3）宾语（O） （4）补语（C） （5）状语（A） （6）表语（P） （7）定语（Attr.） 4. 基本句型 （1）主谓（主语+谓词，下同）（SV） The bus is coming. （2）主（系）表（SP） Amy is kind. （3)主谓宾（SVO） John opened the fridge. （4）主谓宾宾（SVOO） Uncle bought me a new dictionary. （5）主谓宾补（SVOC） Most students have found her helpful. （6）主谓状（SV A） The children stayed in the room. （7）主谓宾状（SVOA） You can put the dish here. （8）存现句
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中，动词的用法是重点，也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法，学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词，用法难以掌握，但调整了单词的排列顺序，根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆： （一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有： 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记！ （二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有： 考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise） 避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend） 面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy） 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！ 瞧！，我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧！ （三）在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法： remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做） remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事） try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果） stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事） stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事） regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》语法项目一览 说明： 不带*号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目（参见2011 版《义务教育英语课程标准》）。这些项目还会大量出现在高中阶段更加丰富的语境中，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容。带*号的项目是高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带**号的项目是选修I 课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带***号的项目是选修II 课程（提高类）要求学习和掌握的项目。 一、词类 1. 名词 （1）可数名词及其单、复数 （2）不可数名词 （3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格 2. 动词 （1）动词的基本形式 （2）及物动词和不及物动词 （3）系动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 3. 形容词 （1）形容词的基本形式 （2）形容词的比较级和最高级 4. 副词 （1）副词的基本形式 （2）副词的比较级和最高级 5. 代词 49 / 53 （1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）反身代词 （4）指示代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 6. 数词 （1）基数词 （2）序数词 7. 介词 8. 连词 9. 冠词 10. 感叹词 二、构词法 1. 合成法 2. 派生法 3. 转化法 4. 缩写和简写
三、句法 1. 句子种类 （1）陈述句 （2）疑问句 a. 一般疑问句 b. 特殊疑问句 c. 选择疑问句 d. 附加疑问句 （3）祈使句 （4）感叹句 2. 句子成分：按结构分类** 50 / 53 （1）名词短语 （2）动词短语 （3）形容词短语 （4）副词短语 （5）介词短语 3. 句子成分：按功能分类 （1）主语（S） （2）谓语（指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词）（V）（3）宾语（O） （4）补语（C） （5）状语（A） （6）表语（P） （7）定语（Attr.） 4. 基本句型 （1）主谓（主语+谓词，下同）（SV） The busis coming. （2）主（系）表（SP） Amyis kind. （3）主谓宾（SVO） Johnopenedthe fridge. （4）主谓宾宾（SVOO） Uncleboughtmea new dictionary. （5）主谓宾补（SVOC） Most studentshave foundherhelpful. （6）主谓状（SVA） The childrenstayedin the room. （7）主谓宾状（SVOA） Youcan putthe dishhere. （8）存现句：引导词there 引导的句子 Thereisa treebehind the shop. 51 / 53 5. 谓语动词的时态
非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词） 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
非谓语动词 教学重点 1，非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别； 2，非谓语动词的各种形式和应用； 3，非谓语动词的考点解析。 一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如： Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches是谓语动词。）Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk不定式作状语）2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如：Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。（动词用第三人称单数形式）Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。（do用原形） 二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下：
非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下：
三、考点解析 非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。 1 动名词和不定式作表语 ①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②动名词作主语的句型。如： It is no use/no good/useless doing sth. It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do) ③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构： 动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。 动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如： His coming made me happy. I can't imagine his/him living there alone. ④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed