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英语语法---非谓语动词-动词-ing形式

英语语法---非谓语动词-动词-ing形式
英语语法---非谓语动词-动词-ing形式

英语非谓语动词用法详解-动词ing形式

ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。

1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词

(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.

(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.

(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.;

②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;

③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?

(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing 只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的

名词之后,-ing作定语时,被 -ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如

果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.

(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

(6)作状语:①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语:Being ill, he

didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.

4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:The truck being repaired there is ours.

5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there fir st.

7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某

一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.

8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:The girl writing

a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.

9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。

10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.

非谓语动词之动词ing的使用形式练习

非谓语动词之动词ing 1.A new law will go into effect on August 1st.According to this law,people found ______“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be punished strictly. A.putting up B.to put up C.being putting up D.having put up 2.Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A.to learn B.learning C.learn D.learnt 3.With trees and grass ______ 39.6%of the urban area,the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. A.covered B.covering C.to be covered D.being covered 4.______ alone in the large house,the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. A.To leave B.Leaving C.Left D.Being left 5.The firm was successfully run and ______,he owed his success to the support of his friends. A.looking back B.looked back C.to look back D.when looked back 6.Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou estimated on Friday that more than 500 people had died in floods a nd mudslides ______ by Typhoon Morakot. A.caus ed B.causing C.being caused D.to be caused 7.The scientist was rewarded by the government for ______ such a great contribution to the country. A.make B.making C.being made D.having made 8.Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A.to leave B.to be left C.to be leaving D.to have left 9.—Why are you looking pleased? —Oh,I’ve just had a job______. A.to offer B.offering C.offered D.to be offered 10.After the party,most guests left,with only two of them ______ in the host family,______ him cleaning up. A.remaining;helped B.remaining;helping C.remained;helped D.remained;helpi ng 11.For English teachers ______ a more effective role in teaching,they must make every effort to raise students’ cross-cultural awareness. A.to play B.playing C.having played D.play 12.Something as simple as _____ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. A.to eat B.eating C.to be eating D.eaten 13.When I went in,my pet happened ______ on my bed,______TV. A.to be lying;watching B.to have lain;watch C.to lie;and watched D.to be laying;watching 14.Friends are like leaves,______ everywhere,but true friends are like diamonds,precious and rare. A.to find B.finding C.found D.being found 15._____at my classmates’faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes. A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked 16.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 17.Look over there—there’s a very long,winding path ______ up to the house. A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead 18.Recently a sur vey_____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated deba te among citizens. A.compared B.compari ng C.compares D.being compared 19.Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures,some______ a life span of around 20 years. A.having B.had C.have D.to have 20.Sit down,Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,______ on your feet. A.to keep B.keeping C.hav ing kept D.to have kept 21.Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt 22.More highways have been built in China,______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A.making B.made C.to make D.having made 23.On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall,Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A.says B.said C.saying D.to say 24.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______ nothing about the argument.

初中英语语法——动词的时态

动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态,英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点,在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选,完形填空,及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目,还包括翻译句子,书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1.一般现在时 2.现在进行时 3.一般过去时 4.过去进行时 5.一般将来时 6.过去将来时 7.现在完成时 8.过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力,能使句子的意思明确,能显示细微的差异,能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活,在不同的时间中,要用不同的形式,这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1.一般现在时:一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 (1)一般现在时的时间状语通常有: ①often ②usually ③always

④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every+时间 ⑦次数+时间 ⑧on+时间 ⑨in+时间 ⑩没有时间,但表示客观存在的事实 (2)一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示,但如果主语是单数第三人称时,则在动词后加s或es,变成否定句和疑问句时,又将s、es去掉,还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示: ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成

其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示(以动词work为例) 特别提示: have(has)在表示“有”时,否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not),变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时,其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗? Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗?

初中英语语法过关——动词的分类专项练习 精选50题 (有答案) - 副本

初中英语语法过关——动词的分类专项练习精选50题 (Be动词、助动词、情态动词、实义动词) ( )1. This______ my sister and those ______my parents. A. is, is B. is, are C, are, is D. are, are ( )2.—Is that your eraser? —________. A.No, It’s my eraser. B. Yes,it is. C. No,that’s isn’t D. No, that isn’t. ( )3. —Are these your bikes? —No,________ . I think they’re ________ bikes. A. they aren’t, they B. these are, his C. they aren’t,their D. these are, their ( )4. In our school library, there a number of books on science. A. is B. are C. has D. have ( )5. Lucy and Lily ________ a new bike as their tenth birthday present. A.have B.has C.there is D.there are ( )6.—Shall we go for a walk? — ______great. A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks ( )7.—Do you like swimming in winter? —Of course.The water _____ a bit cold at first,but then I am warm and full of energy. A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks ( )8.Mom is making dinner. It_____ so nice! A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds ( )9.—Your trainers _____ colourful. —Yes.And they are popular among young people. A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look ( )10.—I can’t stand the smell of the stinking tofu. —Would you like to have a try? I think it _____ quite delicious! A.looks B.sounds C.tastes D.feels ( )11.—Are you interested in shopping online? ——Not so much. We_____see real products but pictures. A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t

初中英语语法知识梳理-动词

初中英语语法知识梳理-动词 动词是表示动作(study, find, swim 等)或状态(be, like, feel 等)的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 动词分类:动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。 一)助动词 助动词没有任何含义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall 等。具体用法如下: 1、助动词be的用法如下: 1)构成各种进行时态。如: It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2)构成被动语态。如: The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议是昨天下午举行的。 3)与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如: They are to see an English film this evening. 他们今天晚上看英语电影。 2、助动词do的用法如下: 1)构成疑问式或否定式。如: Does he think so? I didn’t say anything about the result. 2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调,意为“的确,确实”。如: They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man. 3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如: He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned. 4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态;助动词should 是shall的过去式,构成过去将来时。如:I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace. 二)情态动词 情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, need, should等。 表示能力 表示能力一般用can, could。如:Rose can speak now, but she couldn’t a week ago. be able to 也表示能力,它和can 的区别如下:

初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

最新初中英语语法知识—动词的专项训练(1)

一、选择题 1.Speak louder, ________ you can’t make yourself________. A.and; hear B.or; hear C.and; heard D.or; heard 2.—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A.does B.do C.is D.are 3.Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A.feel B.to feel C.felt D.feeling 4.—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A.Is; like B.Does; likes C.Does; like D.Do; likes 5.Parents always hope their children a happy and healthy life. A.to live B.can live C.living D.should live 6.The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited 7.Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels 8.—Let’s _________ the library this afternoon. —Sorry, I want _________ my grandfather. A.go to;to meet B.go to;meeting C.to go to;to meet 9.—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A.be like; rainy B.be like; rain C.like; rain D.like; rainy 10.Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A.like both B.both are like C.both like D.are both like 11.The shopping mall near our school _________ for 12 hours a day. It _________ at 9:00 p.m.. A.opens; closes B.opens; is closed C.is open; is closed D.is open; closes 12.In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A.to cry; to cry B.cry; cry C.to cry; cry D.cry; to cry 13.—Where_______you come from? —I______from Japan A.are; am B.are; come C.do; come 14.Tom and I ________ good friends. He is twelve(12岁). A.are B.am C.is D.be 15.— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms. A.live in; with B.live; with C.live in; has D.live; has 16.I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it?

初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编含答案

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