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高级技能专业教师
综合英语2Unit8 语法知识点及综合练习
had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.
不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，enable，encourage，find，forbid，force，guess，hire，imagine，impel，induce，inform，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，report，request，require，select，send，state，suppose，tell，think，train，trust，understand，urge，warn
例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b.We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称),discover, fancy(设想),feel，find,guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。此句只说明发明这一个事实，
不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，“发明”为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported,hope, wish, desire, want,plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4)there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand 注意：有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth"到……时间了""该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了""早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.(她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词could, would.Could you lend me your bike?
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
疑问句：定义：表达疑问（亦即发问）或请求的句子叫做疑问句。例：Is he a friend of your brother's? （他是你哥哥的朋友吗？——发问）
Can you do this for me? （你能替我做这件事吗？——请求）
疑问句的句末必须使用问号“”来标示问句的结束。
疑问句：可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和否定
Unit8 综合练习
1.V ocabulary：
Choose the best answer for each of the following items.
1．Nowadays, people are great pressures.
A.in
B.under
C.with
D.on
本题考察介词用法。句意为“如今，人们都处于巨大的压力之下”。
2．—I believe that you can deal with everything.
—You'd better not count me for that.
A.in
B.against
C.on
D.with
Count on 意为“依靠, 指望”。
3．—Are you ready? I'm coming.
—Oh, I'm sorry to let you, but I've just received an urgent task.
A.off
B.back
C.against
D.down
let down，意为“使失望, 辜负”。
4．Would you mind if I open the window? It's getting in here.
A.stuffy
B.cold
C.noisy
D.annoyed
Stuffy 意为“缺乏新鲜空气的，不通气的”。
5．—Thank you so much. I really owe you a lot.
—Oh, I'm happy to help you. I'm sure you'd do the same for me.
A.out
B.up
C.off
D.down
6．It is too loud. Could you turn the TV?
A.off
B.on
C.down
D.up
本题考察词组辨析。Turn off：关掉. Turn on：开启。Turn down：调低。Turn up：调高。根据题意应turn down。
7．Your advice was very helpful, and I feel more about my job.
A.confidential
B.confident
C.confidence
D.confiding句意为“你
的建议很有帮助，我感到对工作更有信心了”。confidential ：机密的，可信任的。Confiding：相信人的, 易于相信的。Confident 意为“有信心的”，符合题意。
8．I was if you could pay me early.
A.wandering
B.wondering
C.wanting
D.missing Wonder意为想知道。
9．Are you OK, Kate? You funny.
A.hear
B.listen
C.heard
D.sound
本题考察sound 的用法。Sound 有“听起来......”之意。
10．Mr. Smith was and immediately received the invitation.
A.delighted
B.delight
C.delightful
D.delightsome 11．You'd better think twice before making any.
A.choose
B.chosen
C.choice
D.choosing
12．She likes to the latest fashions.
A.keep
B.keep up
C.keep with
D.keep up with
本题考察词组keep up with的用法。意为“跟上”。
13．As a child, did you enjoy taking things to see what made them work? A.part B.divided C.apart D.open
本题考察单词辨析，take sth. apart意为“把......拆开，分开”。
14．Water was found at a of 30 meters.
A.depth
B.deep
C.deepness
D.deeply
此处应该添名词depth.
15．I eating alone.
A.unlike
B.dislike
C.inlike
D.antilike
16．Do you feel when you are with strangers?
A.ease
B.easily
C.at ease
D.in ease本题考察单词辨析。句意为“你与陌生人在一起时是否感觉自由自在？”at ease 为恰当选项。
17．Do you feel you make friendships easily?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,sted
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,sting
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,st
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,sts
本题考察词性辨析。本题句意为“你是否觉得拥有持久的友谊很容易？”lasting 有“持久的, 永久的, 永恒的, 耐久的”之意，符合题意。
18．—What do you do?
—I am an.
A.accountant
B.account
C.accounting
D.accountent
本题是简单的词义辨析。Accountant 意为“会计，会计师”，符合题意。
19．We need some workers.
A.experience
B.experiencing
C.experienced
D.experiential
本题考察词义辨析。Experiential：经验的, 经验上的。根据经验的根据题意：我们需要有经验的工人，experienced（有经验的，经验丰富的）。
20．She told me the homework on time.
A.finish
B.to finish
C.finished
D.finishing
2.Grammar：
1．We are supposed tomorrow.
A.to go to see my mother
B.to going to see my mother
C.go to see my mother
D.went to see my mother
本题考察的是be supposed to do的固定用法，意思是“应该作某事”。
2．I really wish I.
A.will go
B.go
C.could go
D.have gone本题考察的是虚拟语气的应用。Wish后接宾语从句表示愿望，如果是现在或将来的愿望，一般用一般过去时；如果表示的是过去的愿望，则用过去完成时。而本句的句意为“我确实希望我能去”。表示现在的愿望，所以用一般过去时就可以了。
3．We went to a party last night. I wish Mary there.
A.would be
B.were
C.was
D.had been
本题考察的是虚拟语气在wish宾语从句中的应用，因为时间是明显的表示过去的时间状语“last night”, 所以应该用过去完成时表示愿望。
4．Is there anything I can do you a hand?
A.give
B.to give
C.for giving
D.to giving
本题考察的是Is there anything sb. can do to do sth.的固定搭配，本句的意思是“我可以为你做点什么吗？”
5．It is our wish that Tom in the experience.
A.succeeded
B.succeed
C.succeeds
D.will succeed 6．You'd better on me for that.
A. don't count
B.not to count
C.not count
D.didn't count
本题考察的是had better的否定句had better not的固定用法。本句的句意为“你最好不要依靠那个”。
7．I wish I with you last night.
A.would go
B. would have gone
C. could go
D.had gone
本题考察的是wish宾语从句中，表示过去时间内的愿望用过去完成时的用法，本句中有非常明显的表示过去的时间状语“last night”。
8．It is pretty cold. You'd better on my coat.
A.put
B.to put
C.putting
D.to putting本题考察的是情态动词had better do的固定用法。本句的句意为“外面很冷，你最好穿上我的外套”。
9．How I wish he much kinder to me.
A.was being
B.will be
C.were
D.was
本题考察的是wish宾语从句中表示现在的愿望用过去时的用法，需要注意的是be动词的过去式在虚拟句中用were而不能用was。
10．I wish it so much in England.
A.won't rain
B.didn't rain
C.doesn't rain
D.hadn't rain 11．Would you mind if I this window?
A. opening
B.opened
C.to open
D.to be opened
本题考察的是一般过去时表示委婉的用法。事实上此句中的空白部分也可以用open，但是从句意上看还是用委婉语气比较好。
12．I wish I you yesterday.
A.did see
B. seen
C. had seen
D.were to see
本题考察的是wish宾语从句中表示过去的愿望用过去完成时的固定用法。本句的意思是“我多希望昨天见到你呀”。
13．Would you mind the present for you?
A.my mail
B.me mailed
C.my mailed
D.me mailing
本题考察的是动名词的用法，英语中有些动词后只能接动名词，mind就是这样的词，此外，还有admit，appreciate，avoid，complete，consider，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，prevent，finish等等，在英语中要特别记忆。
14．They will tell you the news soon.
A.can
B.be able to
C.can be able to
D.be able
本题考察的是be able to 和can表示能力时的区别。二者都可以表示有能力做某事，但后者只能用于一般时态和过去时态，而前者则可以用在任何时态。
15．I wish Mr. Li were here. He how to fix the machine.
A.will know
B.knew
C.is knowing
D.knows
16．You'd better your homework ahead of time.
A. to finish
B.finish
C.not to finish
D.to finishing本题考察的是had better (not) do的固定用法。本句的意思是“你最好提前完成你的作业。”
17．I wish I as much about records Judy.
A.know, as
B. know, like
C. knew, as
D.knew, like
本题考察的是wish在宾语从句中表示对现在情况的假设用一般过去时，及as 做“像…一样”的用法。
18．--- Would you mind opening the window?
---.
A.No, I wouldn't.
B.No, I'd rather not.
C.Yes, I'd rather.
D.Yes, I am.
本题考察的是Would you mind doing句型的肯定回答和否定回答，一般用Yes, I do/ would.做肯定回答，用No, I'd rather not做否定回答。
19．John, it sounds you're getting into a rut.
A.as
B./
C.like
D.that 本题考察的是sound like的固定用法，本句的意思是“约翰，听起来你好像总是老一套。”
20．I am supposed to basketball practice.
A.to go
B.to going
C.go
D.going
3.Dialogue：
1．—Sorry I can’t come to your party tonight. I have a big exam to study for.—Oh, gee, I know how that is. Well, good luck on your test.
—.
A.Thank you for your coming.
B.Thanks for being so understanding.
C.The same to you.
2．—Are you too busy to have lunch?
—.
—Well, you’d better have something to eat. I could pick up a sandwich for you to have at your desk.
A.I’m afraid so. You’d better go without me.
B.No. Actually I’ve already had my lunch.
C.On the contrary, I’ve been ready to go out eating with you.
3．—Maybe I could help you print out the report and photocopy it.
—.
A.Yes, she will finish the report tomorrow and get some photocopies.
B.Please fetch my photos when you pass by the camera shop.
C.Oh, I'd really appreciate it if you could, but I don’t want you to ruin your evening.
4．—What subjects do you have for today?
—.
—May I borrow your politics book today?
A.We have English, Chinese, politics, physics, chemistry and geography. Why?
B.We have English, Chinese, history, physics, chemistry and geography. Why?
C.We have English, Chinese, history, physics, politics and geography. Why?
5．—How often do you have your hair cut?
—.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,ually twice a month. But when I’m busy, maybe once a month.
B.My mother sometimes does it. And my brother does it for me, too.
C.I usually go the barber’s.
Passage 1
Successful Language Learners
Everybody loathes it, but everybody does it. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans hate the practice. It seems so arbitrary, after all. Why does a barman get a tip, but not a doctor who saves lives?
In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.
Such explanations no doubt explain the purported（传说的）origin of tipping —in the 16th century, boxes in English taverns（酒馆）carried the phrase “To Insure Promptitude（敏捷, 迅速）”(later just “TIP”). But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful function.
The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent” still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.
Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary（任意的, 自由决定的）tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.
How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert（喜社交的）, sociable or neurotic（神经质的）tend to tip more.
Tipping relieves anx iety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off. “ Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion, no doubt.
While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually stimulate the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. Service people should “just be paid a decent wage” which may actually make economic sense.
1．Which is true according to the passage?
A. It is regulated that the customers must pay a tip if they want to get good service.
B.There exists the tipping custom in each country.
C.In some countries, tipping has become an industry.
D.More and more people are in favor of tipping.用排除法。A和B太武断，而D文章没有提到。C的意思是在某些国家，小费已经成为了一个产业了。文章在第二段第一句提到：光美国，小费就是一个年产值为160亿美圆的行业。
2．What can we know about the origin of “tip”?
A.It originated from the English inn service.
B.The original purpose of tip was to ensure that waiter could get more money.
C.The waiter threatened the customers with bad service if no tips were given.
D.It originated in a small English village.
“小费”这个词的来源是什么？文章在第三段提到了“TIP”这个词的起源。Such explanations no doubt explain the purported origin of tipping —in the 16th century, boxes in English taverns carried the phrase “To Insure Promptitude”(later just “TIP”). 如果不懂“tavern”是什么意思这个题就不太容易。Tavern的意思是“饭店、旅馆”，与选项A中的“inn”是同义词，所以A是正确答案。TIP的意思是保证快速服务，选项B “保证服务生得到更多的钱”显然不对。C 纯属编造。而D说小费起源于英国小村庄，没有根据。
3．We can get the information from the article that.
A.tipping is very popular in European countries
B.in Asian countries tipping never existed
C.tipping is more popular in America than in Europe
D.tipping is popular in America because the Americans are much richer
仔细阅读第五段，就不难选对答案。选项A（小费在欧洲很流行）错误；选项B（小费在亚洲国家从未存在过）太过极端，不流行并不等于没有存在。而D 选项（小费在美国盛行的原因是因为美国人比较富有），显然不对。选项C（小费在美国比在欧洲流行）原文有这么一句话“In Europe, tipping is less common;”。
4．People who dine in a New York restaurant.
A. are not expected to give any tip to the waiter or waitress
B.had better tip more than 15% so as not to be shamed
C.may be looked down upon when offering a considerable tip
D.are thought of as generous if they tip 15%
文章第五段第三句提到：在纽约的饭店吃饭，如果顾客所付小费低于15%
就很可能遭到服务生的辱骂、耻笑。
5．The author thinks that.
A.tipping can benefit greatly a country's economic growth
B.tipping can ensure the quality of service a customer receives
C.tipping can improve a country's cultural environment
D.tipping is not conductive tertiary industry
新思维综合英语第一册 How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语 How to talk about one’s family 如何谈论家庭 How to talk about events in the past如何谈论过去的事情 How to talk about how you met someone如何谈论与别人相识的经过 Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking about their families. 1.How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish? __Luke’s wife is Polish,and Luke’s spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound. 2.How did Luke get to know his wife? __She studied in his English class in the States. 3. How is Luke’s wife,Stenia’s English now? How did she
achieve that? __She speaks English almost perfectly now.She worked so hard on her English(while she was learning English). 4. Where are Maya’s relatives now?What language do Maya’s parents speak at home? ___They are all living in the States now.Maya’s parents speak English now because in the dialogue,Maya says that her father used to speak Polish,and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. （所以他们家就说英语了。） What an unusual necklace!是个感叹句，What a …后边一般跟名词性短语。 如：What an interesting story(it is)!这个故事多有趣呀！What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊！ Stand for代表，表示。如：What does“K”stand for? K 的意 思是什么？PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。 在西方国家里，女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏，Maiden name指女孩结婚前所用的姓。 The States(S大写)，指the United States. 口语中，人们谈起美国时，用得更多的是the States 或America, 来代替the USA.
主讲：朱明 高级工程师、高级技师、国家经济师 高级国家职业技能鉴定考评员 高级技能专业教师 综合英语2Unit8 语法知识点 had better表示"最好" had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。 You had better have come earlier. 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，enable，encourage，find，forbid，force，guess，hire，imagine，impel，induce，inform，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，report，request，require，select，send，state，suppose，tell，think，train，trust，understand，urge，warn 例句： a.Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b.We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法： Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important.
雅思写作秘笈复习计划 一、时间倾斜 雅思复习的听说读写四个部分，加上词汇和语法两个基础，同学们最愿意做的还是三件事，背单词，练听力和做阅读。背单词让你有学习的感觉，练听力和做阅读不仅让你有学习的感觉，还有一种期待，期待正确率提高给自己心情带来的愉悦。而口语和写作练习相对较少，以写作为例，一是因为同学们普遍写作练习较少，写作水平不高，所以最初在规定的时间内无法完成作文，或者对自己写出的作文充满了厌恶；二是因为写出的作文无法衡量优劣，没有办法看到自己的进步。这样形成恶性循环，中国同学普遍阅读和听力分数较高，而口语和写作分数偏低。其实，写作两个Task只写400多个词，如果复习方法得当，应当是听说读写四项中提高最快的项目，大家在最初规划复习时间的时候就要划出至少1/5的时间来复习写作。（听、说、读、写、词汇语法各占1/5） 二、资料充分 1. （《剑桥雅思系列3-7》） 2.《雅思写作高分胜经》、群言出版社 雅思写作秘笈之Task 1复习计划详述 3.目前市面上的雅思资料不是太少，而是太多，良莠不齐，乱花的确迷人眼。人的精力有限，在有限的时间内抓最主要的资料复习才是上策，上面两本书加上出guo雅思频道站对写作复习已经足够。 三、详细计划
1. 复习课上讲解的基本写作理论：内容，结构和语言。 2. 阅读范文 基础阅读： Test 1 & Test 3的范文，共8套，积累写作文件夹（Writing Folder）主要是描述图表变化的词、短语和句式。 辅助阅读： Test 2 & Test 4的学生样文，理解考官评论，明确错误形式，予以规避。《雅思写作高分胜经》上共21篇范文，积累写作文件夹。 3. 写作 基础写作：8套Task 1, Test 1 & Test 3。 写作注意计时（最初几篇时间可以稍延长，保证完成），手写（使用电脑会掩盖拼写错误），使用答题纸，铅笔和橡皮（模拟真实考场感觉）。 辅助写作：8套 Test 2 & Test 4，21套《雅思写作高分胜经》上题目。 4. 修改 修改方法主要有三种：机改，自改，互改。机改是把手写作文输入电脑，会出现很多红色或绿色下划线（如没有可按F7键，开启拼写和语法检查功能），红色是拼写错误，绿色是语法错误，鼠标右键点下划线还可以给出修改方案。自改是通过比对范文，把范文中优美的词句用到自己的文章中，往往使用一次之后，这些词句会成为自己的主动语汇。同学们还应该充分使用金山词霸或文曲星，对照其中例句使用词汇。雅思作文如翻译成中文，相当于小学生写的议论文，
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people…while others… 13.就我而言/就个人而言 As far as I am concerned，/ Personally， 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 arguments on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to… 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes： 20.…也不例外 …be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
新思维综合英语1模拟试题三 Vocabulary and Structure： Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Example: The old couple at last in finding a flat to rent. A.managed B.did C.finished D.succeeded The sentence should read, "The old couple succeeded at last in finding a flat to rent." Therefore, you should choose D. 1．Hey, you haven't changed these years. A.a bit B.a few C.bit D.little 2．The common cold is the most of all illnesses. A.consequent B.frequent C.sequent D.subsequent 3．This lobster tastes funny. A.all kinds of B.kind of C.a kind of D.kind 4．I don't want to you. I call you just for greeting. A.disturb B.hurt C.interrupt D.break 5．How does this sound? “Sunny one-bedroom near, centrally located …” A.transmission B.transportation C.transition D.transfer 6．Some doctors suggest that you large amount of vitamins at the beginning of getting cold. A.take
初中英语语法专题（状语从句）讲解 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before 条件 If, unless 原因 As, because, since 地点 Where 目的 So that, in order that 结果So that, so…that, such…that 让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较 t han, (not)as…as, 时间状语从句： Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。 原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句： Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句：
Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句： He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句： Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。 方式状语从句： Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。 比较状语从句： The work isn't as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. 易混引导词while, when, as的区别： when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用 （=while）。如： When he came in, his mother was cooking. When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如： Please don't talk so loud while others are working. As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有"随着……"或"一边……一边……"之意。如： As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。 2．Because,as,since 的区别： Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成"由于"；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成"既然"。如： Water is very important because we can't live without it. He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. I'll do it for you since you are busy.
初中生重点英语语法归纳总结 将初中英语语法内容都归纳在下文了，希望对你有帮助。 初中生重点英语语法归纳名词：所有事物的名称1，名词的种类：专有名词：首字母大写(山脉，河流，国家等)China普通名词：首字母不大写(普通的事物的名称)desk ，pen2，名词的数：可数名词：可以数的名词(有单复数)ruler，pen，pencil不可数名词：不可以数的名词(没有单复数)bread，meat，water，可数名词变化规则1，一般加s，例如：pen---pens2，以s，sh，ch，x结尾加es，例如：bus—buses，brush—brushes，watch—watches，box—boxes3，以辅音字母加y结尾，去掉y为I 加es 例如：baby---babies4，以f，fe 结尾，去掉f，fe 加ves life---lives，leaf---leaves5，以有生命的o 结尾加es 例如：hero---heroes，tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes，mango---mangoes6，复合名词遇见man，woman两个词时，两个名词都要加复数A man teacher---two men teachers不规则的变化Is，am----are，his，her，its----their，does---do，has---have，his，hers，its---theirs，Isn’t ---aren’t ，I ---we，you---you，me---us，he，she，it---they，him，her，it---them，Your---your，yours---yours，my---our，mine---ours，that---those，this---these，fish—fish，sheep---sheep，deer---deer，Chinese---Chinese，Japanese---Japanese，man---men，woman—women，tooth---teeth，foot---feet，mouse---mice单数句变成复数句This is my book--- These are our books不可数名词的量化A cup of 一杯。
一、选择题 1．从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出所含元音音素不同的一个。 A．Bob B．dog C．orange D．photo 2．She didn't have a good_____/ sli:p/ last night, so she looked tired. A．sleep B．sheep C．shape D．shop 3．We should stress(重读) ______ syllable when we read the word “potato”． A．the first B．the second C．the third D．the last 4．下列各组字母中，不符合字母顺序的为________. A．C; D; E B．D; G; J C．L; M; N D．A; L; J 5．If I had one million dollars, I’d give it away to ______________/′medik?l/ research. A．medicine B．medical C．magazine D．metal 6．根据朗读基本知识要求，以下哪个句子应该在句末读升调？ A．When do you get up every day? B．Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? C．Can I try it again? D．Here you are. 7．以下字母有相同元音因素的是 A．A, H B．L, O C．E, Q D．I, X 8．下列四个选项中划线部分读音全部相同 ．．．．的是__________。 A．head bread eat B．look afternoon good C．thank there three D．here idea ear 9．In the following words, which underlined letter has a different sound from the others? A．produce B．product C．promise 10．The underlined part(下划线部分) in is pronounced(发音)differently. A．book B．cool C．foot D．good 11．Choose one of the letters with different pronunciation. A．cake B．face C． apple D．late 12．Which sound goes with the word "burn"? A．/b?n/ B．/br?n/ C．/br?:n/ D．/b?: n/ 13．Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others? A．Scientists found that dinosaurs all died of disease. B．Disneyland was created by Walt Disney. C．Believe me, we come in peace. D．How is the man dealing with trouble? 14．I have a pet / k?t / , it’s very smart . A．cat B．cut C．coat D．cute 15．which of the following words has a different stress(重音)?
综合英语一知识点 一．单词 Emission 散发commission 委员会；佣金admission 允许进入；录取 Interval 距离；空闲时间derive 导出；源于，来自compulsory 强制的 Duration 期间（指短时间）courtesy 礼貌initiate 开创，开始conceit 自傲，自负；思想，观点sew缝纫；装订growl 咆哮dull呆滞的 Keen 锐利的，强烈的instant 瞬间reluctance 不情愿；勉强essential必要的，本质的viewer电视观众house机构，所，社，商号；房子 Collapse倒坍，塌下；突然倒下；突然失败，奔溃，瓦解 Infer 推论imply暗示，意味着proposal 建议，提议heart 心，心情 Illustrate 给书画插图criticism批评，批判；指责self-praise 自夸 Thoroughly彻底的reserve预定，保留（V.）含蓄，寡言，储备
（n.）shrug耸肩assure 向....保证；使....确信；给......保险Tension 紧张overwhelmingly 压倒性的；无法抵抗的 Commit 犯罪；承诺；使...承担义务shed 摆脱，棚子，小屋，使流出 Sorrow悲痛;失望recite 背诵，朗诵exclude 不包括；开除；把...排除在外Cultivate耕作；培育；培养（技能，态度）stay为持续动词，所以+adj alike不管...都一样；放两个或多个人表示两者都 Resent（气氛，怨恨）+动名词remarkable 不寻常的，非凡的，显著地fascinated 被吸引住的，被迷住的 Living 一般置于名词前，也可置于后alive 只能置于名词后live一般指动物 Namely 也就是；换句话说；即 Urge 呼吁，敦促 二．短语 In the circumstances under no circumstances Be sensitive to Be aware of
英语中四种泛指的表达模式不可数名词不加冠词； 复数名词不加冠词； the+单数名词，在语气上显得比较正式或文雅，表示由一个典型样品所代表的那个类别。 a/an+单数名词，表示某一类事物中任何一个具有代表性的成员。可以用any来替换。不能用来表示那些属于整个类别的特性。 其他使用冠词的场合： 一、形容词或副词的最高级、序数词以及only 用作形容词+名词，前面一般要用the 。
二、在乐器、乐团、合唱团及流行音乐团体前加the 三、在姓氏前+the,然后要在姓氏的后面添加s 。一是表示夫妇，二是表示全家，包括孩子。如果是名门望族的姓氏，则除了表示上述两个意思之外，还表示整个家族。 四、表示强调时，会用the 其他不用冠词的场合： 一、独一无二的职业头衔或职位在一个单位里是唯一的，此时常不用冠词。也可以用the 。 要注意这些表示独一无二的身份或职务的名词在句中的位置，通常是出现在补足语的位置（包括主语补足语、宾语补足语以及系动词后的表语位置）和同位语位置，此时尤其会省去the 。若是出现在其他位置，则需要加the。 二、关于球类、棋类运动 三、关于其他限定词与冠词 下面这些限定词彼此排斥。 1 ．冠词2 ．物主形容词：my ，your ，his ，her ，our ，their 3 ．指示形容词：this ，that ，these ，those 4 ．名词属格：Tom's 但要注意的是，所有格本身可以有冠词。 四、特殊名词 下列这些特殊名词前不加the ：nature Society space man ：泛指整个人类时history ：泛指人类的整个历史时 五、关于星期 定指的星期表达on+星期名称和on the+星期名称。“on＋星期名称”还可以表示周期性的“星期几”在英语中，表示“每逢周几”，还可以在星期名词的后面加s；不定指的星期表达“on a ＋星期名称” 六、关于四季指一般的四季而不是具体某年的某一段时间时，通常不加冠词。但是，如果指特定的某一年的某个季度时，就要加冠词。 七、关于昼夜的各段时间 这些名词尤其是当它们出现在at ，by ，after 和before 之后时，往往不加冠词。如果是用在其他介词之后，或者是在其他场合，这些名词前则往往要加冠词。另外，要注意的是，若是表示特定的某一天的某个时间段，往往用不定冠词，并且用介词on ，此时这些名词的前面通常都会有形容词修饰。 八、关于进餐指一般日常惯例的用餐时，通常不加冠词。但是如果指需要特别提出的某一次用餐，则常用the 来强调。若在三餐名词前有形容词时，则一般加不定冠词，来表示具体的一餐。 九、关于交通工具的名词接在by 之后的交通工具名词，其前面不加冠词。若用在介词in 或on 后，以及用在动词后，这些名词的前面一般都须用冠词限定。需要提醒大家注意的是，“步行”是on foot ，而不用其他介词。 十、关于通讯工具的名词接在by 之后的通讯工具名词，其前面不加冠词。但是这些名词在其他场合要加冠词。 十一、平行结构如果两个名词一起放在同一平行结构里，即使是单数名词，也通常不加冠词。带有重复名词的短语，如face to face 等，这样的短语往往具有副词的功能，在句中用作状语，修饰动词。这些名词没有冠词是因为它们基本上失去了名词的主要特性，比如它们没有数的变化。 各限定词的顺序：冠词/数量限定词/个体限定词+形容词+名词 积累： behind time 晚点，迟了behind the time(s) 过时，落伍，落后于时代 in the red负债，亏损 by day 白天by the day 按日计算，论日 in secret秘密地，私下地in the secret 参与秘密，参与阴谋 in front of（外部）的前面in the front of在（内部）的前部 out of question 完全不可能out of the question毫无疑问，没有问题 take the place代替 men of age成年人men of an age 同龄人 keep house 管理家务keep the house守在家里35 with child怀孕with a (the) child 带着孩子／和这个小孩在一起
综合英语 Unit 2 Whatever Happened to Manners? pull out ?(of a motor vehicle, boat, etc.) move out of a sideways ? A car suddenly pulled out in front of me. ?leave or depart ?When I arrived, the train was pulling out of the station. do wonders for ?work wonders for, create wonders for, be remarkably successful in achieving positive results for Eg: This medicine will do wonders for your depression. Eg: She looked so tired a month ago, but she looks healthy now. Obviously, her holiday has done wonders for her. I bet ? a slang expression meaning I am sure, I am certain, surely, certainly ?bet: to risk money on a race or on some other event of which the result is doubtful Eg: He spends all his money betting on horses. Eg: She bet me 20 yuan that I wouldn't be able to give up smoking. go by ?(of time) pass, elapse Eg: As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse. Eg: Since China began to be open to the outside world, twenty-five years have gone by, in which brilliant achievements have been scored. melt away ?disappear by melting or dissolving Eg: The sun has melted the snow away. Eg: All his support melted away when we really needed it. a wee bit ? a little bit, rather
如何从托福小白到大白(●—●) 托福分手大师 二零一五年叁月
大师想说话： 最近《超能陆战队》了，然后“暖男”大白也了，大师也希望你能找到专属于你的大白，陪伴你走过艰辛的托福备考路程。一路有你，一路有大师。^_^ 这篇文章是大师花时间写的，所以，也希望你能认真看完，你肯定会有收获的。 针对的对象是：对托福考试零认知，或者刚刚开始背单词，又或者你被论坛五花八门的资料贴搞得头大，被培训机构天花乱坠的保分广告砸晕。 大师想说的话都在这里了，很多内容可能毁你三观，但是希望你能客观地去思考，当然，大师说的你也可以不同意，只要你能说出理由，欢迎跟大师讨论！ 入门篇： “单词背什么，怎么背” 首先声明，积累单词最有效的方法一定是通过长期的阅读积累，但为了短期的考试需求，我们不得不退而求其次，选择短期突击的方法。出于应试目的的背单词应该是高频率重复，单次消耗时间短，重复次数多，利用碎片时间背。 单词书选择： 大师推荐： 如果你喜欢纸质书：李笑来《新托福iBT词汇21天突破》+王玉梅《TOEFL 词汇》（两本都需用，单本词汇量太少）。 如果你能习惯电子版或者网页、app背单词：朗播词汇（网页＋APP），全部词汇来自真题。 免费下载pdf：https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,/Information/Download/Files/3；（你也可以自己转成word版打印） 你看到这，可能会有两个疑问： 1.大师为啥推荐朗播词汇？ 大师明确告诉你，词汇书没有一本权威的，只是一定要弄清词源，单词书应该选择选词准确的，来源于考试真题是唯一选词标准。市面上大多数词汇书都是作者yy出来的，红宝书也不例外。 2.朗播词汇跟乐词、扇贝、百词斩有啥优势？
系动词 系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情况的：keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。 1. to be 可以加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。 E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible. E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation. 注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。 Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 非人称代词it 做句子的形式主语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. 2. 代表动名词 E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones. 3. 代表that 引导的从句 E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended. 4. 代表wh- 引导的从句 E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office. 做句子的形式宾语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him. 2. 代表从句 E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me. E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference. 用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调
新思维综合英语1模拟试题四 I.Vocabulary and Structure： Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Example: The old couple at last in finding a flat to rent. A.managed B.did C.finished D.succeeded The sentence should read, "The old couple succeeded at last in finding a flat to rent." Therefore, you should choose D. 请选择题型Vocabulary Dialogues Close Test Reading Translation 1．As a nursery teacher, you mustn't be with the children. A.impossible B.impatient C.important D.impractical 2．I ran Mike yesterday, who worked with me 5 years ago. A.to B.into C.with D.onto 3．There is no probability of jobs which will be created on the needed. A.spot B.scope C.range D.scale 4．The dinner party will be held in of the new comers. A.memory B.charge C.honor D.honoring 5．I saw her walking in the courtyard. A.back and forth B.down and up C. in and out D. back and front 6．Did you to get along well with your sister when you were younger? https://www.doczj.com/doc/2813945406.html,ed
英语语法新思维 初级教程-走进语法 名词短语 名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。 英文中的介词不能单独使用，其后面必须接宾语，所接的宾语也往往是名词短语。 名词短语的构造-“黄金公式”左二右六的定语规律 前置定语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的围。these three a the my that 其二是形容词，是用来表示名词的性质和特征的。 限定词+形容词+中心名词+介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句 名词才有定语。 名词 名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示特定的人、物、机构或场所等的名词(首字母必须大写)。 普通名词：1.可数名词：个体名词(表示同类的人或物中的个体student tree hospital house piano) 集体名词(表示若干人或物的总称team committee police group family) 2.不可数名词：物质名词（表示物质和材料的总称paper water cotton air） 抽象名词：（表示动作、性质、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称birth evolution hope sport） 一，专有名词 1.人名及头衔 2.著作名称 3.月份 公历the solar calendar 阴历the lunar calendar 汉语阴历月份要用序数词来表达。 阴历二月：the second month on the lunar calendar或the second lunar month 七夕：the seventh of the seventh lunar month 中秋：the fifteenth of the eighth lunar month 春节：the first of the first lunar month 4.星期，四季winter summer spring autumn 5.节日:Christmas Easter New Year's Day Mother's Day Thanksgiving Day 6.地理名称 国家及的名称 地区，城市的名称 江，河，湖泊的名称 山脉，沙漠的名称 名词的数：可数与不可数 名词的可数性侧重于名词的意义，名词的单复数形式侧重于名词的构成形式。 不可数名词的规律： 1.对于一些无法分割的名词，我们将其看作一个整体，因而作为不可数名词，没有复数变化。主要是一些物质名词。气体液体固体 2.一些因其组成部分太小而不易数的名词。主也是一些物质名词。 3.表示总称的名词通常不可数。这些名词侧重于表示某类事物的总的概念，而不是具体的事物。如果要具体指出该总概念下的具体食物，则要用其他不同的名词。
高考英语复合句知识点知识点总复习含答案解析(6) 一、选择题 1．was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck. A．That B．As C．It D．What 2．By now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, ______ is quite unexpected. A．that B．which C．who D．it 3．Many adults agree that teenagers shouldn't live alone they have their parents’ permission. A．if B．unless C．in case D．now that 4．______would like to devote his whole life to his country should go______there are all kinds of difficulties. A．Who;some B．Whoever;where C．Whatever; anywhere D．Who;there 5．Tom was so angry____ he heard his friend betrayed him____ he tore the letter into two immediately. A．that; when B．that; that C．when; what D．when; that 6．During the holiday I bought a CD player, _____ was rather reasonable. A．its price B．of which price C．the prices of which D．whose price 7．What surprised me was not what he said but the way _______ he said it. A．that B．in that C．what D．where 8．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea _____________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A．when B．why C．that D．how 9．_________I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for. A．The place B．The week C．The day D．The instant 10．We’re listed some of the most fam ous flowers have a special significance. A．what B．that C．where D．/ 11．Many nurses, ______ were retired, headed for affected areas to help. A．most of which B．most of whom C．most of them D．most of who 12．He explained ______ for his father's birthday party. A．why was he late B．why is he late C．why he is late D．why he was late 13．The whole nation responds to the call _______ everybody shall wear masks wherever they go. A．which B．that C．when D．because 14．The exhibition tells us _____we should do something to stop air pollution. A．where B．why C．what D．which 15．Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty,