第六章外贸汉译英信函翻译
外贸函电作为其中最主要的、应用范围最广泛的涉外文书，在国际贸易中扮演着非常重要的角色。如何把函电准确、完整、贴切地翻译成不同的文字，已引趋越来越多的外贸工作人员和外贸文教人员的普遍重视。函电属于应用文体，在翻译上与其它文体既有相通之处，又有相异所在。
1词语翻译方法
1.1一词多义和一义多词
如果查阅一本英汉或汉英的词典，我们会发现许多词的意思并不是一对一的关系。一词多义、一义多词是一种十分普遍的现象。因而在外贸汉译英时，我们可以充分利用英语词汇这一特点，灵活选择英语词语来表达汉语意义。
1.1.1一词多义
例1现另邮给你方最新的价目单和剪样。
译文：We are now airmailing you under separate cover our latest price list and cutting sample．例2望你方能早日装运我方第2213号定单项下的十箱茶叶为宜。
译文：Please ship the ten chests of tea covered by our Order No 2213 at an early date
例33356号定单下的货物已投保了一切险。
译文：The goods under our order No 3356 are covered against All Risks ．
例4秋季展览会展出面积为5,000平方米。
译文：This autumn exhibition covers an area of 5ooo square meters．
例5三天后，开证行将在通知书上告知受益人有关信用证的开证情况。
译文：The initiating bank will inform the beneficiary of the relative L／C in the covering letter three days later．
以上五个句子中翻译成英文时都用“cover”一词，但每一个句子中“cover”的意思相差甚远。
1.1.2一义多词
在外贸函电中，价格是十分重要的因素．没有价格就没有贸易。买卖双方交易时，买方当然希望卖方能报商品的最低价，以获取最高的利润。中文中的“最低价”在英文中有许多的表达方法，请看下面的例子：
例6我们的报价已是最低价，折扣不能再给了。
译文：As we have quoted you our rock—bottom price，we can't grant you an discount．
例7请报永久牌自行车最低价。
译文：please make us your lowest quotation for“Forever”brand bicycle
例8你们将会看出我们这批货物的价格是最低的。
译文：You will find our prices for these goods on the lowest side．
例9如果有兴趣与我方做生意，请报最低价。
译文：If you feel interested in doing business with us，please quote us your best price
例10我们已接最低价向你方报盘。
译文：We have made you an offer at the most competitive price．
例11如果你方向我方报最低价，我方将考虑向你方大量订购。
译文：Should you offer us at the most favorable price，we'll consider placing substantiate orders with you．
上述6句中文中都有“最低价”一词，但在翻译具体句子时，应灵活处理cheapest一词．虽也有“最低价”的意思．但一般不用于外贸函电的报价，因为此词常含有贬义，表示“廉价质扶”的意思，应引起注意。
1.2词的重复和省略
在外贸英语的翻译中,词的重复是不可避免的,这就需要我们在翻译过程中，根据英、汉两种语言
的文字特点加以妥善处理．尽量使译文显得生动、有趣，符合本国语言的习惯。有些在汉语中需要重复或无法避免重复的语言现象，在汉译英时必须予以省略或替补，尽可能
避免重复是英语的一个特点。
例12经检查，我们非常遗憾地发现，贵方传真通知的数量，船代理提供的装船数量，以及正本提单的数量和副本提单的数量都不一致。
译一：Upon checking，we regret to find that there are discrepancies among the quantities stated in your fax，the quantities of the loaded goods reported by the ship agent and the quantities indicated in the original and duplicated bills of lading．
中文中有四个“数量”，在汉语中这种重复并不显得累赘，符合中文的语言习惯，但在汉译英时，如不作处理，直接翻成上述译文，就显得相当拖沓、繁琐，应改为：
译二：Upon checking，we regret to find that there are discrepancies of quantities among those stated in your fax，indicated in the original and duplicated bill of lading as well as of the loaded goods reported by the ship agent．
这样就好多了。把“quantities”提前与discrepancies结合，就可用“those”替代下面许多的“quantities ”避免重复，同时把“those”几个定语的顺序稍加调整，这样既自然，又朗朗上口，通顺流畅。
例13凡因不可抗力以外的原因，一方未能按时履约而招致对方损失时，未能按时履约的一方应承付罚金。
译一：When the failure of either part to fulfill its contractual obligations in time brings about losses to other on account of causes other than force majeure, that party who fail to fulfill is contractual obligations shall undertake to the penalty
上述译文中的重复部分显得冗长、罗嗦，如何避免重复又不影响作为保险条款之一行文的严谨性呢?
请看译二：
译二：When the failure of either party to fulfill its contractual obligations in time brings about loses to the other on account of cause other than force majeure，the defaulter shall undertake to pay the penalty.
用“defaulter”替代重复部分，既简单明了，又不失原文风味，贴切之极。
1.3词性的转换
在外贸函电的汉译英时，由于英汉两种语言的不同特点，如英语中名词较多，而汉语中动词较多等，实际翻译时应适当借用一些词的活用法，如词性转换．突破原文词句的格局，避免生硬、呆板和拖沓的行文，使译文变得更加通顺流畅，更符合表达习惯。请看下面倒子：
例14货已备妥待运多时，请从速开立信用证，以便我方履行合同。
译文：The goods have been ready for shipment for some time and we hope you will expedite the establishment of your letter of credit to fulfill the terms of the contract．
把原文中“从速”这一副词改译为动词“expedite”，把“开立”这一动词转换为名词“establishment，语句通顺。其它例子还有：
例15该信用证的有效期至11月十15日止。
译文：The L／C would remain valid until November 15．(名词转译成形容词)
例16请在汇票背面签上“承兑”字样
译文：You are kindly requested to“accept ” this draft by signing on the back (名词转译成动词) 例17若接受我方条款，请即来电订货，以便我方确认。
译文：If you find our-terms and conditions acceptable- please cable u your order for our confirmation．(动词转译成形容词)
例18欧洲和日本化工厂商在塑料生意方面竞争异常激烈，迫使我们不得不暂时降价。
译文：Extremely keen competition between European and Japanese chemical manufacture in the plastic business has compelled us to bring down the price for the time being．(动词转译成名词)
例19 这批货的实际重量与发票重量相差15吨。
译文：The actual weight of this consignment is 15 tons less than the invoiced weight．
{动词转译成形容词)
例20我们保证立即处理你方定单。
译文：You may rest assured of our immediate attention to your order．(副词转译成形容词)
例21我们觉得难以受理贵方索赔译为：
译文：We find it difficulty in entertaining your claim(副词转译成名词)
2句子翻译方法
由于英语和汉语的思辨和推理模式，以及中英两个民族的经商心理大不相同，所以英汉外贸信函翻译中存在着不少语用移位现象，在汉英翻译时，我们可以灵活运用语用移位法，来处理如何把汉语句子译成英语句子。
2.1意合形合移位
汉语重意合(parataxis)，其动词没有谓语动词和非谓语动词之分，原型动词可以充当句子的各种成分，可以按照由先到后、由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论这样的次序组成线性意念结构；而英语重形合(hypotaxis)，经常借助丰富的连接词语和形态变化将句子的意思组织成树型成分格局，立体感极强，在翻译时，应注意这种汉语意合结构向英语形合结构转移。
例22付款需凭保兑的、不可撤消的、可分割的、可转让的、无追索权的信用证的即期汇票支付。译文：The payment is to be made against sight draft drawn under a confirmed ,irrevocable,divisible and transferable L／C without recourse for the amount．
例23请查看一下标题定单。这批货是按到岸价订购的。
译文：We wish to refer you to the captioned order，from which you will see that this order is placed on a CIF basis．
上述两例的英文分别以分词短语、介词短语和从句来补充说明主句信息，使事态发展呈现多维态势，而当事人各方的职责及其关联也相当明确。这是中文的线性结构所不具备的。
2.2信息焦点移位
汉语由于多采用意合方式组词成句，所以，相对于英语来说，更倾向于把最重要的信息(信息焦点)置于句中或句末，而英语是重要信息处于句子突出位置，一般在句子显著位置，汉译英应注意重要信息转移。
例24在装运港，中国进出口商品检验局所签发的品质检验证书应作为最后依据。此据对双方均有约束力。
译文：The certificate of quality issued by the China Import＆Export Commodity Bureau at the port of shipment shall be final and binding upon both parties．
例25对于贵方的任何询问，我方将予以充分的关注。
译文：We assure you of our best attention to any inquiry from you．
2.3叙事视角移位
在外贸汉译英时转换叙事视角，就是说对于汉语第二人称叙事，英译文或采用被动语态叙事；或以第三人称全知视角叙事；或者采用第一人称缓和法间接说明问题，这样令外贸交往的空间更为宽阔，更加利于合作和人际交往。
例26 贵方犯了一个非常大意的错误。译文：A very careless mistake was made．
例27贵方似乎早应办完该项手续。译文：It seems to us that you should have done it．
例28贵方建议恐怕令人难以接受。译文：We are afraid that we cannot agree to your proposa1．2.4人际立场移位
在外贸信函中，英文表达习惯于站在对方的立场来缓和语气，达到交流的目的。中文表达消极意义的句子翻译成英语时，多用积极肯定的语句来照顾对方的面子。
例29贵方没能在中国人民保险公司处为该批货物投保。
译文：We wish you could effect insurance on the goods with PICC．
例30今年，我们在欧洲并不需要另外的代理商。
We may need another agent in Europe next year．
中文的祈使句译成英文时采用否定表达，是一种缓和法，更接近礼貌原则和合作原则。
例31请确保在五月底之前开出信用证。
译文：It seems you will no doubt open the relevant L／C at the end of May．
另一种表达合作意愿的函电英文法也是基于“you—attitude”的，在翻译时尽量站在对方的立场。例32请注意，付款期限以此为7月9日为限。
译文：As you know，the payment was due on July 9．
例33我方将立刻给予贵方答复。译文：Your inquiry will be answered promptly．
例34一经收到来证，我方自当通力合作，及时安排装船。
译文：You may count on us to cooperate with you by arranging shipment in due time after receipt of your L／C．
3信函翻译实例分析
敬启者：
收到你方9月25日来函，得知你们有意建立合资企业生产化肥，并要求我们介绍对此可能感兴趣的中国伙伴。
我们很快就与有关的负责人取得了联系。他们表示欢迎你们来合营，但首先想知道你们大致的投资额以及你们将使用什么方法来投资，即是用现金，资本产品还是技术。他们还想知道，如果项目不设在上海，你们是否同意。
我国合资企业法对外商在合资企业总注册资本中投资是不规定上限的，但一般可以接受的最低投资额不少于25%，合资本企业双方按他们各自在注册资本中所占的份额分享利润，公担风险和亏损。
应该说明，按照中国合资企业法，合资企业双方一旦达成协议，合同双方必须向外国投资委员会提出申请批准双方共同签定的协议或合同以及所制定的公司章程。该委员会将在三个月内决定批准或不批准，当批准后，该合资企业向我国工商行政管理局办理登记，凭营业执照开始经营。希望你们就上述问题尽早答复，收到你们的复信后我们即与有潜力的中方伙伴进行协商。
谨呈
译文：
Dear Sirs,
We are in receipt of your letter of September 25 expressing your interest in joint venture in manufacturing chemical fertilizers and requesting us to introduce to you Chinese partners who may be interested.
We have immediately contacted the persons responsible, who state that they welcome your participation but first of all like to know the approximate amount of your investment and in what form your contribution will be, i.e. in cash, capital goods or technology .They would also like to know if you agree to the project site being in a city other than Shanghai.
Our joint Venture Law places no upper limit on the share of the registered capital of a joint venture contributed by a foreigner although, generally speaking, the minimum amount acceptable with not be less than 25%.The profits, risks and losses of a joint venture shall be shared by the parties to the venture in proportion to their contribution to the registered capital. It is advisable to state that according to China’s Joint Venture Law, once a joint vent ure has been concluded, the contracting parties will have to apply to the Foreign Investment Commission for authorization of the agreement or contract signed between the parties to the venture and of the articles of association of the venture formulated by them. The Commission shall authorize or reject these documents within three months. When authorized, the joint venture shall register with the Administration for Industry and Commerce of our government and start operation under licence.
We should appreciate your early reply to the questions enumerated above, on receipt of which we shall take the matter up with potential Chinese partners.
Yours faithfully
英译汉（二） To familiarize ourselves with your products we need some technical details .Please send us literatures, brochures, or leaflets dealing with your products. 1、We are enclosing a catalog showing a brand new addition to our line, Model E331. 2、We hope the enclosed brochures will be helpful to you. 3、We send you a brochure on various kinds of bicycle now available for export. 4、Will you please let us have a list of items that are imported by you? 5、Will you please send me a copy of your catalogue and pricelist of desktop computer and copies of any descriptive leaflets that I could pass to prospective customers? 6、Many thanks for your letter dated September 6; we have enclosed the current brochure from which you may have a better understanding of our new products. 7、Thanks for your enquiry dated may 18,we are now sending you our latest pricelist for your reference. 8、Our quotation is subject to change without notice. 9、There is a big demand for Chinese microwave ovens; we shall appreciate your quoting us competitive prices for models available now. 汉译英 1、We highly appreciate your immediate reply to our enquiry Note no.2436 regarding hard drives. 2、Several of my customers have recently expressed interest in your waterproof garments and enquired about their quality. We should be glad if you could send us samples and quotations. 3、The attached bulletin will give you complete information on vacuum cleaners. 4、There is likely to be enquiry or orders for men’s shirts, thereof, please send us quotations and samples in advance. 5、There is a technical question, which I will have to refer to our technical department. 6、We are expecting to receive your earliest reply to this enquiry. 7、We have an enquiry for silicon carbide and would like to ask you to send us an offer for 1000 metric tons for shipment during September. 8、We have received an enquiry for men’s shirt and request you to send us your offer not later than the end of this month.. 9、We have recently received many inquires from retailing shops in New York area about the captioned items and are sure that there would be very brisk demands. We shall appreciate your quote us your most competitive prices on a CIF New York basis for the following. 汉译英（三） 1、Because of the rapid development of our business in Asia, We think it’s necessary to open branches at the following addresses. 2、Congratulations on your newly-opened business in Atlanta. We hope it will mark the beginning of our close cooperation in the years to come. 3、In the course of negotiation we have come to a much better understanding of each other, which bears a lot for our future business. 4、It is our sincere wish that we will have the privilege of serving you. 5、It will be advantageous if steps are taken to resume our business relationship on the basis of mutual benefit. 6、Thank you for your manner of business cooperation.
The Bank of Vancouver Commerce of Canada has informed us that you are one of the leading exporters of textiles in China, and that you wish to export pure silk garments to our market. We take the liberty of writing to you. You will be pleased to note that our corporation is one of the leading importers of textile products, having over 30 years’ history and high reputation. We shall be able to give you considerable orders, if the quality of your products is fine and the prices are moderate. We would be obliged if you will send us some samples with the best terms at your earliest convenience. Yours faithfully, VANCOUVER TEXTILES CORPORATION 加拿大的温哥华工商银行已通知我方，贵方是中国纺织品的主要出口商之一，并且贵方想出口真丝服装我方市场。 Notes for letter 1: 1. commerce n. 商业、贸易、交易；（思想、意见、感情的）交流、社交 Our overseas commerce has increased a great deal. （我们的海外贸易已大大增加。）I have little commerce with my neighbors.（我和邻居很少来往。） Commerce was snagged by the lack of foreign exchange. 商业因缺少外汇而受阻。 2. inform v. 通知、告诉 We hope to be kept informed of the fluctuations of the prices. （请随时告知我方价格的波动情况。） information: n. 信息、情报、资料 We feel highly appreciated for all your information on the recent development in your market.（非常感谢贵方所提供的你方市场最近的全部进展情况。） 3. leading adj. 领导的, 第一位的, 最主要的 These three robot soccer machines were developed by Tomy Co., a leading toy maker in Japan. （这三款机器人足球机是由日本的一家大公司汤米公司研制开发的。）
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
Exercise Ⅱ 1. We are glad to inform you that the articles you require fall within the scope of our business activities . 2. We specialize in the export of textiles and are willing to establish business relations with you. 3. In compliance with your letter of 12, we have sent you under separate cover our catalogue and quotation. 4. In order to give you a general idea of our products, we enclose a pamphlet. 5. If your prices are competitive, we will place volume orders on you. 1. 我们愿意在平等互利的基础上与你们做生意。 2. 贵方来信收悉，得知你们愿意与我公司建立贸易关系，我们非常高兴。 3. 我们得知贵公司是当地最大的电器产品进口商之一。 4. 希望能够尽快收到你们的答复。? 5. 在收到你方具体询价时，我们会立即寄上我 们的样品和报价单。 Dear Sirs, We owe your name and address to Mr. Green . We take the liberty of writing this letter with a view to building up trade connections with you. We have dealt in the export of cotton cloth for many years. Our products are of superior quality and are popular with our customers from various parts of the world. In order to give you a general idea of our product, we have enclosed a catalogue. Further information will be available on your request. We are awaiting your prompt reply. Yours faithfully.
全日制英语学习，选择尚语国际语言村https://www.doczj.com/doc/2410046190.html, 随着全球商务活动日益频繁，互联网迅猛发展，商务信函成为国际贸易中客户沟通的主要方式，广泛运用于外贸、海外资本运营、国际货运等商务活动。它涵盖询问、洽谈、答复，涉及到询盘、报盘、发盘、还盘、交易达成、支付方式、装运等业务细节，是商务活动中不可或缺的沟通媒介，高质量的商务英语信函翻译对国际商务活动的重要性不言而喻。 一、商务信函的语言特点 与其他文体相比，商务信函具有商务文体正式、简洁、专业、礼貌等特点。 (一)正式。商务信函是公文性质函件，用词布局上比普通信函讲究，较多使用书面语。如请您给我发送一份申请表格，在此表示感谢。一般使用We would be grateful if you could send me an application form。而不使用Could you send me an application form? Thank you!。文体布局上商务信函也比一般信函严谨规范，有其特定布局结构。如道歉信通常开头致歉(We must apologize for …/We apologize for…)，接下来解释事情发生的原因，寻求对方谅解(this is owing to…)，在结尾处再次致歉(We hope that this has not caused you any inconvenience./With apologies once again.)一般道歉信都会遵循这样层层递进的规范布局，翻译时也要注意符合其布局。 (二)简洁。商务人士求实重效率。商务信函必须言简意赅，目的突出，层次分明。一般信件开头就说明来意，如：We are writing to enquire about the prices of your cabinets/ we are writing in connection with the advertisement in the newspaper yesterday. 如果开头东拉西扯，会使繁忙的商务人士无暇向下，不明所以。此外信件中措辞也较少使用冗繁的词语句式。例：Please contact us whenever we can be helpful. (如需帮助请告知)而一般不会使用Whenever there is anything we can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us。 (三)专业。商务信函用于业内往来，广泛使用商业术语和缩略语，包括外贸业务术语、公司名称及单证等，规范程度很高。常见如外贸术语CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、运费加保险价，FCA(Free carrier)货交承运人，B/L(Bill of Loading)运输单等在信函中都大量使用。此外商务信函也常使用here，where, there 与in, by, with, after 等构成复合词如hereafter(after this),wherein (in which) therefrom (from that)。如：Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss sustained therefrom. 长期的商务书信交流中逐步形成了商务英语信函句式的套语和行话。如：收到对方询盘的套话：Thank you for your letter of 23 July, asking if we sell photocopiers.希望得到对方回函、订单时的套话：Looking forward to your favorable /early reply. (四)礼貌。西方人交往中非常重视态度，商务信函应礼貌友好，礼貌可以使对方阅读后心生好感，从而保持友好贸易关系。在信函中采用“You attitude”，从对方角度考虑问题，较多使用第二人称，较少使用
Lesson 2 1. We avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce to you as a foreign-invested corporation specializing in arts and crafts. 2. We want to acquaint ourselves with the supply position of steel products。 3 We are enclosing a cope of pricelist. have 28 distributors across the world. 5. We are one of the leading exporters of Chinese industrial products and are desirous of entering into business relations you. Lesson 3 are a dealer in Egypt.。 2. I have?2 years of?follow-up purchase orders and shipping experience 3. We have pictures of sports shoes selling well in UK. 4. We are sending some samples and brochures under
separate cover for your reference. 5. We are interested in the electric appliance in your sample. Please kindly send your quotations to us. 6. We'd like to inform that you'll find our new products are at Stand 16. Lesson 4 1. We are looking for a reliable supplier who can provide us the laptop. 2. I would like to buy computers and computer parts. Please send me a detailed pricelist with min. Order and shipping costs. 3 Regarding the model we attached here, our target price is for our market. 4. We allow you a discount of 3% for quantity over 1000 pieces of the offered item. 5. As regards our financial standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch. Lesson 5
学号：127142008112604034 成绩： 西安翻译学院 高职高专毕业论文 题目：浅析外贸函电中常用词汇的特点 作者：张萌 指导教师朱广珍 专业班级08级商务英语4班 院系外国语学院 完成日期2010年10月
浅析外贸函电常用词汇的特点 张萌 外国语学院08级商务英语4班 （西安翻译学院，陕西西安 710105） An Analysis on the Characteristics of Common Vocabulary in Foreign Business Correspondence Zhang Meng Business English, Class 4, Foreign Language College (Xi?an Fanyi U niversity, Xi?an 710105) 摘要: 外贸函电课程主要培养学生对外贸信函的理解、翻译和撰写能力，词汇是构成外贸函电的最基本单位，掌握常用词汇的特点是学好外贸函电的基础。要想写出一篇好 的信函，就必须掌握如何运用这些常用词汇。本文从用词的礼貌性、简洁准确性、 具有行业特点等方面分析了外贸函电词汇的特点，为写出一篇成功的外贸函电打下 基础。 关键词: 外贸函电；词汇；特点 Abstract: The course of foreign business correspondence mainly aims to help language learners acquire the ability of comprehending, translating and writing a business letter in foreign trade. As vocabulary is the basic unit of the foreign business correspondence， grasping the characteristic of these words is the foundation to learn it well. To write a good business letter in English, learners must master the usage of these words. By analyzing the features of politeness, conciseness and accuracy, and of using technical terms, this paper mainly explores the characteristics of common vocabulary and lays a solid foundation for writing a successful foreign business correspondence.
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
Chapter 1: （一）英汉翻译： 1.We have the pleasure to introduce ourselves to you with a view to building up business relations with you. 我方有幸自荐，以期与贵方建立贸易关系。 2.We intend that an enquiry for bicycles shall be sent to the manufactures in Britain. 我们打算给英国制造厂商寄送一份自行车询价单。 3.As you know, it is our foreign trade policy to trade with the people of other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 如你方所知，我方外贸政策是在平等互利基础上与各国人民做贸易。 4.It will be highly appreciated if you will reply to our enquiry Note No.2346 regarding Walnutmeat immediately. 如能立即对我方关于核桃仁第2346号询价单作出答复，我方将十分感激。 5.Specializing in the export of “Fly Pigeon” Brand Bicycle, we express our desire to trade with you in the line. 我方专门出口“飞鸽牌”自行车，愿与贵方进行交易。 6.We are in receipt of your letter of March 10th, and as requested, are making you an offer as follows. 我方已收到你方3月10日来函，现按你方要求报盘如下。 7.If you accept our offer, please cable us for our confirmation. 若你方接受我方报盘，请电报告知我方以便确认。 8.We are pleased to note from your letter of March 22nd that you are interested in our sewing machines. 从贵方3月22日的信中我方高兴地得悉贵方对我方缝纫机感兴趣。 9.In conformity with your request, we are sending you by air a catalogue for your reference. 按你方要求，我方航空寄去目录一本供你方参考。 10.Our leather produce of “Rose”range are selling fast in western European countries. 我方的“玫瑰”系列皮革产品在西欧国家很畅销。 （二）汉英翻译： 1.据中国国际贸易促进委员会介绍，得知贵公司的名称和地址。 Your name and address has been given to us by China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. 2.我方对你方最近在广交会上展列的机械玩具感兴趣。 We are interested in the mechanical toys demonstrated at the recent Guangzhou Trade Fair.
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
有助于学生发现自身写作过程中存在的问题，总结写作经验，探求解决问题的方法，从而逐步完善写作技巧。教师在写作教学中，可以根据具体情况，选择一种或多种评价方式对学生的作文作出及时评价。 参考文献： ［1］黄汉升.大学英语教学改革方法与途径［C］.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006. ［2］程平，刘小娟.高职高专学生英语写作能力的结构性分析及其对策研究［J］.广州航海高等专科学校学报，2010，（3）：54-56. ［3］宋岩.非英语专业学生英语写作的母语负迁移现象及其对策研究［J］.琼州学院学报，2010，（2）：144-146. ［4］周文博.大学英语写作多级评改模式探析与思考［J］.黑龙江教育学院学报，2010，（3）：167-169. 摘要：国际贸易日益频繁，外贸函电已成为国际贸易交流的一个平台其重要地位日益凸现。作为一种公文文体，外贸函电有其鲜明的语言特点。本文从外贸函电用词的特点及其翻译进行了分析探讨。 关键词：外贸函电词汇特点翻译 外贸英语函电是指在涉外贸易中，交易双方根据业务需要，用英语相互交流的信件、电报和电传（张炜，2009）。外贸函电在对外经济贸易中起着重要的作用，是国际商业交往中必不可少的手段，对外贸易的各个环节大多通过函电进行。作为一种公文文体，外贸函电用语专业严谨，有其鲜明的语言特点。因此，好好了解外贸英语函电的用词特点，可以更准确地理解和翻译函电的内容，更有效地进行沟通，促进商务活动的顺利开展。 一、大量使用专业术语、缩略词 外贸函电涉及外贸业务磋商过程的各个环节，以及与此相关的各类单据、单证、协议、合同等，因此，函电中经常使用一些专业术语和专业缩略词以达到表意准确、专业性强的目的。例如：（1）In reply to your inquiry of2nd July，we offer you the following. 兹回复贵方7月2日询盘，并报盘如下。 （2）The goods under our Order No.3356are covered against All Risks. 3356号定单下的货物已投保了一切险。 （3）It would be appreciated if you would let us know by return your lowest possible price for the following goods FOB London. 请报下列商品伦敦船上交货之最低价。 （4）As agreed，the terms of payment for the above orders are letters of credit of60days’sight or D/P sight draft. 双方同意，上述订货货款以60天期信用证或即期付款交单方式支付。 （5）Due to a serious shortage of shipping space，we cannot deliver these goods until October11. 由于舱位严重不足，我们无法在10月11日之前发货。 在这些例子中，出现了诸如inquiry，offer，cover等专业术语和FOB，D/P等缩略词。例1中inquiry，offer不是普通英语中的“打听，询问”和“提供”之意，在外贸英语中应理解为“询盘”和“报盘”。例2中的cover在外贸英语中也由一般意义转变成特定意义“投保”。例3中的FOB是Free on Board的缩略语，意为“离岸价格”。例4中的D/P是Documents against Payment的缩略语，意为“付款交单”，例5中，“shipping space”是海运业务中的一个专业术语，不知道的人可能会按字面意思把它翻译成“装运空间”，但实际上按照海运行业的专业术语，我们应该把它翻译成“舱位”。因此，在翻译外贸函电时，译者需要懂得、熟悉专业的行话和术语，不能按字面意思直译，也不能随意自创一些术语、缩略词和套语应选取适当的专用词汇进行翻译。 二、介词的运用 外贸函电中介词的使用极其普遍，不仅使用频率高而且搭配能力强，含义也十分灵活。这与两种语言的特点有关，英语属于静态（static）语言，汉语属于动态（dynamic）语言。英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词表达能力强，是英语组句的骨干词汇，它们由谓语动词统领，造成了英语的“静态语势”。汉语组句主要依靠动词词组和短句，造成了其“动态语势”。因此，在英译汉时，译者要尊重汉语习惯。例如： （6）As your old friend，I have to tell you frankly that the busi-ness between us in the last two years has not been satisfactory. 作为老朋友，我坦率地告诉你，近两年来我们双方的业务并不令人满意。 （7）There is an over-supply because people have been putting their goods from stock on the market. 现在供过于求，因为人们一直在清理库存，把存货投放到市场上。 （8）In view of the small amount of this transaction，we are prepared to accept payment by D/P at30days’sight for the value of the goods shipped. 鉴于此笔交易金额较小，对于这批货物的货款，我们准备接受30天期的远期付款交单。 例6中介词as译成了动词“作为”例7中介词on译成动词“投放”因此在翻译时，译者可以联系上下文加以灵活处理，往往把英语介词译成汉语动词。当然并不是所有的介词都翻译成动词。比如例8中使用了比较正式的介词短语in view of，为做到文体对等，凸显外贸函电措辞的正式性，特地选择了“鉴于”这样一个比较正式的书面语，而没有使用“为了”、“一想到”等带有强烈口语色彩的词语。 三、礼貌语 在外贸业务中，每笔业务的达成，无不与贸易双方的密切合作有关，因此，外贸函电中多采用礼貌客气的措词，为双方的合作营造一个友好的气氛。例如： （9）Your early reply is highly appreciated. 承蒙早日回复，不胜感激。 （10）We have pleasure in sending you our catalog，which full information about our various products. 欣寄我方目录，提供我方各类产品的详细情况。 在翻译这些外贸函电中礼貌客气的措词时，译者应尽量选择恰当的词语将原文中礼貌婉转的语气表达出来。翻译时可以套用汉语的文言词汇，比如：承蒙、惠告、恭请、敬候等词，以使译文礼貌得体，简明精炼，庄重典雅。 四、here/there+介词构成的复合词 外贸函电中常使用一些古体词，即由here，there加上after，at，by，from，in，of，to，under，upon，with等介词共同构成的副词。这些词在日常英语中很少使用，属于非常正式的书面语，在外 余颖华何丽萍 外贸函电用词特点及其翻译