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巧学英语“谓语动词”与“非谓语动词”

发表时间：2011-03-16T09:17:15.000Z 来源：《中国校园导刊》2011年第1期供稿作者：孟宪冰[导读] 纵观历年高考，英语动词的考查可谓重中之重。然而，大部分的高中生在英语学习过程中却常常被各种动词的形式而困扰。

【摘要】：纵观历年高考，英语动词的考查可谓重中之重。然而，大部分的高中生在英语学习过程中却常常被各种动词的形式而困扰。下面，我就大部分学生最为头疼的动词问题从以下几方面谈谈【关键词】：英语谓语动词非谓语动词

一、英语动词的分类

众所周知，英语中的动词可以充当主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等很多成分。我们不妨以谓语为标准，主语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语都是谓语以外的成分。为了方便起见，我们把能做谓语的动词称为“谓语动词”，反之，我们把主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语这些谓语以外的成分统称为“非谓语动词”。

我们所学过的动词形式有很多，如：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、不定式、过去分词和现在分词等。其中，动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词这三种动词形式不能作谓语，其它动词形式能做谓语。因此，英语动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词，谓语动词则指动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词以外的动词形式。

二、英语动词考查的重点

根据英语动词的分类可知，英语动词考查的重点之一就是区分所选择的动词是“谓语动词”还是“非谓语动词”。另外，根据动词的含义可知，动词就表示动作，一定存在主动和被动。因此，英语动词考查的重点之二就是考查动词是主动还是被动的形式。

三、巧解英语动词试题

针对英语动词考查的重点之一，在实践中我们可以考虑以下两点：第一、经过分析，所选择的动词如果作谓语就把不作谓语的动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词排除掉；第二、如所选择的动词不作谓语就从动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词中选择。

针对英语动词考查的重点之二，我们要从动词作谓语和不作谓语两方面来考虑。第一、如果所选动词作谓语，就考虑句子的主语与所选动词之间是主动还是被动关系，从而确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。第二、如果所选动词不作谓语，也要考虑动词所充当的成分。但重点考虑的成分有三个，分别为：定语、状语和宾语补足语。具体说，如果所选动词作定语，就考虑动词所修饰的中心词与所选动词之间是主动还是被动；如果所选动词作状语，就考虑句子的主语与所选动词之间是主动还是被动；如果所选动词作宾语补足语，就考虑宾语与所选动词之间是主动还是被动。

四、英语动词选择的难点

针对英语动词的考查点，发现选择难点如下：难点一：确定主动语态还是被动语态，重点弄清各种时态的主动及被动语态（见表一）。

难点二：动词不作谓语时，重点弄清哪些动词形式为主动、那些动词形式为被动形式。针对这点，我们要考虑三点：一、动词不作谓语时的动词形式要从动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词中选择；二、要弄清动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词分别有哪些形式（见表二）；三、要考虑动作所发生的时间是过去、现在还是将来，相对应的涉及到的动作就分别为做过、在做还是要做，这要把动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词综合到一起考虑。（见表三）。

五、真题演练

1.To his great joy,the day he had been looking forward to at last .

A.came

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1214521515.html,ing

C.has come

D.had come

2.When the two books,I won’t pay more attention to the prices..

A. c omp a r i n g

B. t o c omp a r e

https://www.doczj.com/doc/1214521515.html,pared

D.having compared

3.We should learn more from the people as national heroes.

A.knowing

B.having been known

C.known

D.to be known

4.To be well prepared for the meeting next week,the manager is busy collecting necessary information.

A.held

B.to be held

C.being held

D.having held

5.With the guide us ,we had little difficulty finding the destination.

A.to help

B.having helped

C. helping

D.helped Keys:A A C B C (黑龙江省富锦市第一中学)

定语从句与非谓语动词的转换

定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。 1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”. （1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei. →The plane to arrive is from Hubei。（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45. →The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45. （3）He was the first boy who came to school. →He was the first boy to come to school. .2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例：（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework. →She wanted a room in which to do her homework. （2）She had only a pen with which she can write. →She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write. 注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。 “He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。 3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语）如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。（1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？（2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. →The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. .2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语）如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。（1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today. →The report made yesterday will be discussed today. （2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.

英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形还是非谓语动词

英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形还是非谓语动词请看下面的句子，空格处应填动词原形还是非谓语动词： If they don't understand it the first time, _________ over it again until they do. A. going B. to go C. gone D. go 【分析】此题正确答案选D，其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前if 引导的是一个条件状语从句，而在空格处无论是填A、B或C，它都是一个非谓语动词短语，而不是一个句子，这样一来，整个句子没有主句，从而导致结构不完整。若选D，则go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句)，在此用作主语。又如： (1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more. A. give B. giving C. given D. to give (2) If anyone calls, _________ them I'm not at home.

A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell (3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once. A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask (4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 答案均选A，空格前分别为if, when, while 引导的状语从句，空格处填动词原形，构成祈使句，用作句子主语。

非谓语动词语法填空(附答案)

1．They knew her very well．They had seen her ___ _ up from childhood. (grow) 2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable __ __．(sit) 3．She didn't remember __ __ him before．(meet) 4．— What do you think of the book? — Oh, excellent．It' s worth __ __ a second time．(read) 5. Do you know the boy __ __ under the big tree? (lie) 6. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see __ out the next year. (carry) 7．__ __ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm．(sleep) 8．As we joined the big crowd I got __ __ from my friends．(separate) 9. There was a terrible noise __ __ the sudden burst of light．(fellow) 10 .The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself __ __．(hear) 11．__ __ more attention ,the tree could have grown better．(give) 12.Most of the artists _ ___ to the party were from South Africa．(invite) 13．She searched the top of the hill and stopped __ __ on a big rock by the side of the path. (rest) 14. The secretary worked late into the night, ___ _ a long speech for the president. (prepare) 15．She’s upstairs ____ letters．(write) 16.The murderer was brought in, with his hands __ __ behind his back．(tie) 17 .Jane was made _ ___ the truck for a week as a punishment．(wash) 18．Mr. Smith warned her daughter __ __ after drinking. (drive) 19．I can hardly imagine Peter __ __ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days．(sail ) 20. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ ___ and let her off．(steal) 21. The computer center, __ __ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (open) 22. Rather than ___ _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers __ __ a bicycle．(ride) 23．Paul doesn't have to be made ___ _．He always works hard．( learn) 24．__ __ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him．(lose) 25 .European football is played in 80 countries, __ __ it the most popular sport in the world. (make) 26．When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door " Will call later." (read) 27．Prices of daily goods ___ ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (buy) 28．The patient was warned __ __ oily food after the operation．(eat) 29. Charles Babbage is generally considered __ __ the first computer．(invent) 30．How about the two of us _ ___ a walk down the garden? (take) 31．The Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ __ that he had enjoyed his stay here．(add) 32．The first text books _ ___ for teaching English came out in the 16th century．(write)

定语从句与非谓语动词

二．定语从句：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom 指物只能用which 高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面：【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy. ⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京东城) 【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。指人时常只用who不用that的情况；指物时只用which不用that的情况；只用that不用which的情况；关系代词as与which的用法区别； the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别: 1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用that 的情况 “there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。] <1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom. <2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用who不用that, 例： A new teacher will come who will teach you German. 在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们用who 不用that。 <3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如 There is a man who wants to see you. 在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that 2其中，that 和which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别：用that不用which <1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如： I have read all the books that you gave me. <2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时： He did all that he could do to help us. <3>主语以who或which开头时 Who is the man that just called you just now? <4>关系代词在从句中做表语时 China is not the country that is was. <5>既指人又指物时 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况 <1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如: She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. <2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:

1_近五年高考英语语法填空谓语动词总结

谓语动词一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。这一考点涉及到时态、语态和主谓一致，尤其是时态。今天小编将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的谓语动词进行总结，希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型提供助力。一、近五年高考英语语法填空谓语动词总结 ▲ 2019年全国 I 卷 In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 全国 II 卷

Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” aw ard, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years. 全国 III 卷 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 浙江卷 One study in America found that students’ grades 62 (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.

非谓语动词和从句的转换

非谓语动词和从句的转换---- 一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.) 2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句 (1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.) 3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句 (1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding) 4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句 (1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing) (2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up) 5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句 (１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)

高考英语非谓语动词单句语法填空和篇章语法填空专项训练

高考英语非谓语动词单句语法填空和篇章语法填空专项训练一、高考试题单句语法填空题 1.（2019? 全国Ⅰ）Modem methods 63.________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64.________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 2. （2019? 全国Ⅰ）Scientists have responded by 67.________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.________ (high) than they actually are. 3. （2019? 全国II）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene 64.________（declare）she had no plans 65.________ （retire）from her 36-year-old business. 4. （2019? 全国III）On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69.________ （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，70.________ （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 5. （2019?北京）Earth Day, (4) (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 6. （2019?北京）Nervously (2) (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to (3) (I) the two simple words “Be yourself ”. 7. （2018全国卷Ⅰ）You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. 8. （2018 全国II）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.

近五年高考英语语法填空谓语动词总结

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