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牛津英语8aunit1-unit2知识点及语法整理

Unit 1 Friends

Have sth to drink 喝些什么“to drink”动词不定式修饰不定代词需后置

Something, anything, nothing, everything 做主语时,动词用单数形式

Something has gone wrong with the computer. 这台电脑出故障了。

Something 常用于肯定句或表示请求、邀请或期盼得到肯定答复的疑问句中

Is there something wrong with the computer? 这车子出毛病了吧?

Nothing= not anything

Not everything 并非一切都(部分否定)

Everything that glitters is not gold. 发光的并非都是金子。

What about +n/doing=how about 。。。怎么样?。。。好不好?

Can I have some more food? 我可以再吃点食物吗?更多的,额外的more 置于数词或any, some, no, a little, a few, many, much, a lot

Keep secrets

Else 形容词修饰不定代词something、anything等,疑问代词which,who, what 和疑问副词where, when. Else 需后置

Make sb/sth +adj 使某人/某物变得怎样?Make our teachers angry?

Make sb/sth+n. 使某人/某物成为。。。make him our monitor 选他当班长

Make sb +不带to动词不定式“让或迫使某人做某事”

Talk to sb 对/找某人说话常指上级对下级,长辈对晚辈。

Talk with sb 平辈、平级间的谈话

Believe one’s words =believe what sb says 相信某人的话

Believe one’s eyes/ears 相信某人看到或听到的东西是真的

Believe in 信任、信仰表示信赖某人的品质,信仰真理、宗教

Tell lies 说谎

As…as…“和。。。一样”中间用a./adv.的原级,表示两者的比较程度一样

Not as….as…不及、不如。。。那样。。。

Be willing to do sth 愿意做某事

Help sb with their problems 帮助某人解决他们的问题

Share…with /between/among sb 与。。。分享、分担。。。

Share n. (应得或应分担的)一份;份额He did his share of the work. 他完成了他的那份工作。Ready 准备好了的;乐意的be ready to do sth= be willing to do sth 愿意、乐意做某事。

Be ready for 为。。。做好准备,强调状态。Get ready for 准备做。。。强调准备的动作

Help sb with sth=help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

Have/take a seat=sit down 坐下

Take one’s seat 就座;坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务

In need 有需求的,处于需要状态中的。做后置定语in great need 急需,很需要

A friend in need is a friend in deed. 患难之交才是真朋友。

Sb is in need of sth 某人需要某物

A friend named Max 过去分词作后置定语,“叫做。。。的”近义词、短语:called/ with the name of/by the name of

Almost 副词,几乎差不多可用于“all/every/always”或动词前,不能与“not”连用,但可与no/none/nothing/never连用。He knows almost nothing. 他几乎什么都不懂。

However 副词(兼连词作用)“无论;不管”However hard it may be, do your best. 无论有多困难,都要尽力去做

Have a poor eyesight 视力很差

Too many; too much;

much too太much too hot 太热了

wear 梳着某种发型;留着(某种须);带着(某种表情)

wear one’s hair up 把头发梳起来

wear a smile 面带微笑

dress 穿、戴宾语是人dress sb in+ 衣服dress oneself

put on 穿戴侧重动作

in 介词常+表示颜色的词in red 穿着红色的衣服

have a sense of humor 幽默感

sense v. 觉察到,意识到,了解

bored 感到厌倦的feel bored

boring 令人厌烦的,无聊的

bore vt 使厌烦,使枯燥乏味bore sb to death 让。。。厌烦死了

funny; rainy; cloudy; windy; snowy; sunny

useful; helpful; careful; hopeful; wonderful;

comfortable; reasonable; terr ible

musical; physical

dangerous

friendly; lovely

useless; homeless; helpless(没有帮助的,无效的);careless

fit 不及物“合适,合身”Your clothes fit well.

及物动词“使。。。合适;安装上”fit the door with a lock 给门装上了一把锁

Knock 不及物动词

Knock sth off…将某物从。。。处碰掉

Knock over 撞翻、碰到

Knock on/at 敲门

Knock about 连敲;漂泊,漫游

Knock n. 敲打声

Think of 想起;想出;

有意;they are thinking of /about the book. 他们有意移居香港。

认为。。。怎么样;what do you think of /about the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?Think over 仔细考虑

Say a bad word about sb= speak ill of sb 说某人的坏话

Word 表“消息、音讯”,用单数,前面不加冠词Word came into her ears at last. 消息最终传到了她的耳朵里。

Word 表“诺言;保证”,也仅用单数。Keep one’s word 信守诺言

V ote for 投票赞成vote against 投票反对

Has straight, shoulder-length hair 齐肩直发

outdoor activities 户外运动

make friends with sb 和某人交朋友

try one’s best to do =try to do=do one’s best to do 尽力做某事

in the future 在(较远的)将来

in the future 从今以后,在不远的将来

in the past 在过去

at present 在当前,现在

it is +a.+to do sth it是形式主语

agree with sb 同意某人的观点

agree to sth 赞成某件事

同意某人做某事用agree +that 从句

Agree on sth 在某方面意见一致

What’s he like? 用来问某人的品质或外貌长相他是怎样一个人?

What’s sb? =what’s sb’s job? 某人做什么工作?

What does sb look like? 某人长什么样?

Have some problems with 在某方面有些困难

Have some problems (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难

Hope to do sth 希望做某事

Wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事

The result exceeds my wildest hopes. 结果比我希望的好。

Wish+从句用虚拟语气

Advice 不可数建议 a piece of advice

Give advice 提出建议

Ask for one’s advice= ask advice of sb 征求某人的建议

Take one’s advice= follow one’s advice on sth采纳或听取某人的忠告

Do sth by/on one’s advice 按某人的嘱咐做某事

Ponytail 马尾辫

Both…and…+复数

Either…or…和neither…nor…既不。。。也不。。。

Like to do sth 表示特指的某个具体行为he doesn’t like to sleep now. 他现在不想睡觉

Like doing sth 表示习惯性的,经常性的动作。

Grammar

1、系动词+形容词

Be; become; feel; get 变得; grow; keep保持;look看起来;seem; smell; sound; taste; turn变得

2、comparatives and superlatives 比较级和最高级

a.+er than shorter than

more +adj. than more interesting than

the a.+est the tallest

the most+a. the most expensive

3、多个形容词修饰名词

限定词+品质(新、旧)+形状(大小)+颜色+国籍+n.

A pair of new small red Chinese shoes

4、形容词做宾语补足语

Make, let, think, feel, find, hear, see, watch

I think the work very difficult.

5、形容词最高级需+the,但下列情况除外

1)最高级做表语,无一定围或同类事物进行比较,只用来与自身比较

The river is deepest at this point. 这条河此处最深。

2)最高级用来加强语气,“非常,极其”,此情况用不定冠词。

He is a most learned man. 他是一个学识非常渊博的人。

3)最高级可用物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格作定语。

Amy’s greatest wish is to be a singer.

4)两个最高级,后一个省略the

John is the youngest but tallest boy in the class.

5、farther /further

Farther 距离

Further 时间、数量、程度

Unit2 School life

表示建议的句型:why don’t you= why not

What/how about

What’s ….like? …怎么样?

What’s the weather like today? What’s the girl like?

Like 和alike 像like 用在名词或代词前

Alike 只能用在联系动词之后,后不接名词或代词

Your school bag is like mine.

Your school bag and mine are alike.

Every bean has its black. 凡人都有缺点。

No cross no crown. 吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。

Mixed (男女)混合的Mix v.混合,搅拌mixture 混合物

They have mixed feelings of sorrow and happiness. 他们悲喜交加。

Mix with sb 与。。。往来

Learn 和study

1)学习语言时,可以通用。

2)Learn 初级阶段的学习,强调从头学起。

Study 较高程度的学习或研究,强调学习的过程,后接名词作宾语,不可接动词不定式。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中作宾语。如:what to do。动词结构:know, tell, ask, decide, learn, find out 后可接这个结构.

By oneself 单独地,独自地

To oneself 独自享用

For oneself 亲自,为自己

We should find it out for /by ourselves. 我们必须亲自查明此事。

Brig in 提出某个问题、观点;带来、请来某人;赚取(His job brings him in 50 yuan a day. 他每天工作可赚50元)

Bring up 教育、抚养bring her up to be a teacher 把她抚养成为一名老师

Bring about 造成

Make a living 谋生

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

Practice doing sth/sth 练习

Have a great time talking 交谈得很开心。Have a ….time +doing sth 做某事很。。。

Healthy and tasty meals 健康可口的食物

Be in 9th grade 上九年级

Have +一段时间+off 有。。。时间的假期

Take off 脱掉

Each 和every 的区别

Each 强调个体概念;every强调整体概念

两个或两个以上的人或物中的每一个三个或三个以上的人或物的每一个

可做形容词、副词或代词只做形容词,且不可单独使用

可做状语不可做状语

有“每隔”之意(every other line 每隔一行)

Each 和not 连用,表示完全否定every 和not 表示部分否定

Each man cannot do it.没人能做这件事。Every man cannot do it 并不是每个人能做这件事Be able to, can 有能力做某事

但Can 有“请求”的意思,表示婉转的请求,可以用could

In a few bites 几口

Finish,end

Finish 做完某事,或使某项工作更完美

End 该事到此为止,不再进行或延续,与begin相反,但不一定完成。

End the meeting without any decisions 没做出任何决定就结束了会议

One…the other (两者)一个。。。另一个。。。

Other, another, the other, the others

Other 形容词或代词,“别的,其他的”。作形容词,后加名词或代词。做代词,复数形式others. Some other time 其他时间

Another 另一个。一般用于三者或三者以上,或确定数量中的另一个。

I don’t like this one. Please give me another.

The other 侧重于剩下的。用于两者之间。

Some…the others

Have half an hour of homework 半小时的家庭作业

Paper clip 回形针

Grammar

比较级

More…than, fewer…than用于可数名词

More…than, less…than 用于不可数名词

最高级the most, the least, the fewest

Score the fewest points 得分最少

The same as 相似度大于similar(相似)

Different from “不同,有区别”

Unit2 A day out

Need to do sth 需要做某事

Need 还可作情态动词或名词。做情态。。时,在否定句或疑问句中都无第三人称单数形式,后接不带to的动词不定式。

Exercise vi/vt,“训练;锻炼”。作可数名词时,“练习、训练”Maths exercises s数学练习。作不可数名词时“锻炼,运动”。Take exercise锻炼

Enjoy oneself= have a good time

Take a boat trip 坐船旅行trip 常指短途旅行

Be on a trip , go on a trip 在旅行

Travel; tour; journey; trip的区别

Travel 最常用的词。

Tour 观光旅行,或作考察的长途旅行;

Journey 指陆地上的长途旅行

Trip 短途旅行(商务、观光)

By 1)通过/借助于。。。(方式)by heart 用心2)不迟于by 8 o’clock 8点之前3)在附近;在一旁;经过put…by 将。。。储存在一旁

By, beside, near

By 表示在周围的任何一边;beside 表在左边或右边;near 距离上的靠近,没有在“哪一边”的意思。

Harbor Bridge 港湾大桥

The Opera House 歌剧院

The Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔

Invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

Join, join in, take part in 的区别

Join +政党、组织、团体

Join in +活动,work, match, game, talk “参加正在进行的活动”

Take part in +会议、聚会、事业、战争

A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

Get on 上车(bus, bike, train, plane, ship)反义词get off

Get in/into 上车(car\taxi)反义词get out of

We are bored with her boring talk. 我们对她令人乏味的报告感到厌烦。

Surprising, interesting, exciting, moving

Feel sick 觉得恶心;想呕吐;感到不舒服

Be sick of 对。。。讨厌

ill 作定语,表示“坏的”

arrive at 到达比较小的地点。

arrive in 到达比较大的地点(国家、城市)

be made of 强调可以看出原材料,即经过了物理变化。

Be made from 强调看不到原材料,通常指经过化学变化,产出新的物质。

Be made by +制造者

Be made in+地点

Not any more, no more 不再,再也不。。。(指动作或状态不再延续以及数量不再增加)

Not any longer, no longer (动作不再延续)

All 与定冠词the 连用时,the后置all the students

Before,in front of

表“当着某人的面”时,都可使用

Before 一般指“在(时间)之前”,in front of 在(方位)的前面

Places of interest 名胜,旅游胜地interest 是不可数名词“令人感兴趣事、人,兴趣”Teach oneself 自学

双宾语teach, ask, show, give, pass, lend, buy, draw, cook(for) teach sb sth. Teach sth to sb. From one place to another=from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方

From beginning to end 从始至终

The Monument to the People’s Hero es人民英雄纪念碑

The monument to…某人的纪念碑to为介词the key to the door, the answer to the exercise Feel 及物动词+n作宾语feel the beauty of…感受。。。的美

The song and dance parade 歌舞游行

He put his photos on it for everyone to look at.

Grammar

1、And, but, or

1)在否定句中,or意为“和”He doesn’t know English or Japanese.

2)在“祈使句+连词+一般将来时的述句”。祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,“如果。。。,要是。。。”,后面的述句表示结果。

如表示顺理成章或较为理想的结果,用连词and或then, “要是。。。就。。。”

若表示转折,表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果,用“or”, “否则,要不然”

例:Think hard, and/then you will have an idea.

Study hard, or you will fail in the exam.

2、1)动词+ 带to的不定式结构

Agree, choose, decide, hope, learn, plan, prepare, want, ask, expect, try, forget, remember, like, begin, start

2)动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构

Find out, decide, know, tell, forget, wonder, understand

Find out when to start

3)用带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词:ask, tell, get, want, wish, teach

Ask sb to do

用不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词:一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear), 三让(let, make, have),五看(look at, see, watch, notice, find ) 但是在被动态中,必须加to。例如:He was made to stay at home by his parents.

感官动词可接不带to的动词不定式,表示全过程,也可接-ing形式,强调正在进行。3、Reflexive pronouns 反身代词

1)强调主语和宾语是同一个人he taught himself

2)做名词、代词的同位语,强调语气,意为“亲自,本人”。可置于名词和代词后或放在句尾。I myself…

3)做表语

She is not quite herself today.今天她身体不舒服4)特殊用法

Say to oneself 自言自语

Think to oneself 独自想

Help oneself to 随意吃

In oneself 本身

牛津译林版8Aunit1知识点整理

牛津译林英语8A Unit1 知识点整理 1.something to drink/eat 一些喝的/吃的东西 2.数字+more + 名词= another +数字+ 名词“再,又,还”,表示数量在 原有基础上的增加 3.maybe adv. (副词),意思是“也许、可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首 在may b e中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许是、可能是”。 maybe和may be可相互转换 He may be in the office.= Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 You may be right.= Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。 4.an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩a dis honest boy 一个不诚实的男孩 5.keep a secret = keep secret s保守秘密keep a diary = keep diar ies记日 记 6.share my joy 分享我的快乐 7.have problem s(复数)(in) doing sth. = have trouble(不可数)(in) doing sth. = have difficulty (不可数)(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 8.believe what he says = believe his words 相信他所说的话 9.tell lies 说谎tell stories 讲故事tell jokes 讲笑话 lie v.动词,躺lie ---lay--lain n.名词,谎话tell lies 说谎 10. interested adj.感到有趣的,一般修饰人interesting adj. 令人感到有 趣的,一般修饰物 interesting属外向性质的词,用于指人、事、物的外在影响方面,意为“使(外)人感兴趣的”;interested属内向性质的词,用于指人的内心感受方 第 1 页

8A Unit1知识点整理

8A Unit1 知识点整理 1.something to drink/eat 一些喝的/吃的东西 2.数字+more + 名词= another +数字+ 名词“再,又,还”,表示数量在原有基础上的增加 3.maybe adv、(副词),意思就是“也许、可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首 在may b e中,may就是情态动词,be就是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许就是、可能就是”。 maybe与may be可相互转换 He may be in the office、= Maybe he is in the office、她或许在办公室。 You may be right、= Maybe you are right、您或许就是对的。 4.an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩a dis honest boy 一个不诚实的男孩 5.keep a secret = keep secret s保守秘密keep a diary = keep diar ies记日记 6.share my joy 分享我的快乐 7.have problem s (复数)(in) doing sth、= have trouble(不可数) (in) doing sth、= have difficulty (不可数)(in) doing sth、做某事有困难 8.believe what he says = believe his words 相信她所说的话 9.tell lies 说谎tell stories 讲故事tell jokes 讲笑话 lie v、动词, 躺lie ---lay--lain n、名词,谎话tell lies 说谎 10. interested adj、感到有趣的,一般修饰人interesting adj、令人感到有趣的,一般修饰物 interesting属外向性质的词,用于指人、事、物的外在影响方面,意为“使(外)人感兴趣的”;interested属内向性质的词,用于指人的内心感受方面,意为“(内心)对……感兴趣的” 试比较: a)This book is interesting to me、这本书在我瞧来很有趣。(外在影响) b)I’m interested in this book、我对这本书很感兴趣。(内心感受) 课本例句:1)I think good friends should be interesting too、(page7)(外在影响) 2) Max is so interesting、(page8)(外在影响) 11.one of +形容词最高级+名字复数eg、one of my best friends one of the tallest boys 12. has 动词,“长着,”在句中作谓语动词;with 介词,“长着,戴着”,在句中作定语 wear 动词,“穿着,戴着”,在句中作谓语动词;in 介词,“穿着”,在句中作定语 1) My sister has short hair、动词,长着,做谓语动词 2) The girl with short hair is my sister、介词,长着,做定语,修饰the girl,不可用has,因为句中已经有谓语动词is 3)My sister wears small round glasses、4)The girl with small round glasses is my sister、 课本例句:She’s a small girl with a ponytail、(page14)(作定语)

牛津译林版八年级全册语法知识点总结

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