英语语法：英语的十一种否定转移现象
摘要：否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。
否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：
He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him.他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。
John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。
以上句子是否采用“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻辑为准则。
一、在表示“看法”的谓语动词上的否定形式，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。
此类动词有：
think, believe, suppose, imagine,
expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find
(感到),guess,be supposed to, calculate,
figure, reckon。
I don't believe I've met you before. 我认为我没有见过你。
I don't think you will be late.我认为你不会迟到。
I don't suppose he cares, does he?我看他不在乎，对吧？
He doesn't expect we need worry.他认为我们不必着急。
I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。
注：上述表示“看法”或“判断”的动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移：
（1）用作插入语时：
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.我想李蕾不会生你的气。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be againstit.我猜想汤姆不会反对。
（2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时：
I believe and hope he won’t do that.我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
（3）用于疑问句时：
Do you think it is not going to rain?你认为天不会下雨吗？
（4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时：
You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。
I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here.我不曾想到你会在这儿。
I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident.我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。
（5）think , expect作料想讲时：
I didn’t expect I’d meet you here.我没料到会在这里碰上你。
We didn’t think he is such a selfish man.我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。
（6）suppose , think用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时：
Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, for this is only a part of the exam.别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。
I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty.我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now.我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing.我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
（7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every , many , both等表全体意义的词或副词时：
I don’t believe both of them are innocent.我不相信他们两个都是清白的。
I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes.我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。
We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic.我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。
（8）由于cannothelp,ought not，neednot，not at all等短语的关系而把I think隔离：
I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past.我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
I think you need not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.
"I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."
二、在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上d 否定形式，语义上却否定表语部分。
此类动词有：
appear, seem,feel, sound, taste, smell, as if，feel , look ,sound,,feel like,looklike.
The old streets don’t appeardeserted. ( not deserted.)老街看样子还没被废弃。
I’m not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not very well… )我今天感到不怎么舒服，头痛。
The food doesn’t taste fresh. ( not fresh .)食物偿起来不鲜。
It doesn’t seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
三、seem, prove, happen与不定式构成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。
The president didn’t happen to attend that meeting.(happen not to attend … )
董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。
Your answer doesn’t seem to be right. (seem not to be)你的答案看起来似乎不正确。
Jack doens't seem to like you．（＝Jack seems not to like you）杰克看来不喜欢你。
The news didn't seem to be true.这个消息好象并不是真的。
四、pretend , remember的宾语为非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语,即非谓语动词。
My Italian friend didn’t pretend to see her tutor in the dining room. (pretend not to see … )我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。
I couldn’t remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having…) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。
五、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语补足语。
I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use of it.我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从不需要钱。
We do not consider melting or boiling to be chemical change. (not to be … )我们认为熔化和沸腾不是化学反应。
Seeing a ball flying, we don’t expect the ball to fly forever. (not to fly …)看到球飞时，我们认为它不会永远飞下去。
I don’t think math difficult.我认为数学不难。
I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。
六、在“It is / was likely / probably+ 从句”中，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定从句。
It isn't likely that it will rain tomorrow.看起来明天不会下雨。
It isn't probable that he will come here today.他今天也许不会来这里了。
七、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定状语或状语从句。
Hewasnot ready to believe somethingjust because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
Don't judge a man by his appearance.不要以貌取人。
Don’t read in the sun.不要在阳光下看书。
Don’t talk with your mouth full of food.不要口里含着食物说话。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
Let’s not talk about it here.我们别在这里谈吧。
This great victory has not been won easily.这个伟大的胜利赢来得并不容易。
I didn't know his name until yesterday. （not ... until）我直到昨天才知道他的名字。
He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame．but tobenefit the boy's parents．他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带，不是为了获得个人的名誉，而是为了孩子的父母。
注：含有not … because (of)的句子，情况较复杂，需根据逻辑、语境和常识进行判断是否需要作否定转移，如需转移的话，往往是由否定谓语转为否定状语。例如：
Hewasnot ready to believe somethingjust because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.我教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。
The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was used up. 发动机并不是因为油用完而停车的。
He didn’t go to class because he was sick.他没去上课，因为他生病了。(这句话不需作否定转移)
The manager didn’t give a speech because he felt painful in his throat.经理没发表讲话，因为他喉咙痛。
She didn’t call you because she loved you.这个句子可能出现两种理解：
A.她给你打电话并非因为她爱你。（发生了否定转移）
B.她没给你打电话是因为她爱你。（未发生否定转移）
到底哪种理解正确，我们无法从逻辑意义上进行辨别，这时我们只有借助语境即上下文来分析了。即这类句子是否采用“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻辑为准则。
八、表示信念、看法、愿望的名词充当主语从句的表语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语从句。这类词有：
hope, thought, view, opinion ,
wish, expectation, belief, plan等。
It is not our expectation that you will suffer a lot from that.(will not suffer … )我们希望你不要为那事受太多苦。
It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computer games.(do not spend … )我的看法是你不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
It is not their plan that their homework is done on Sunday.他们计划星期天不做家庭作业。
九、含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。这类词有：
all, both, every, everybody,everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely，wholly。
All the people didn't know the truth. (Not all the people knew the truth.)并非所有的人都知道事情的真相。
All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不总是金子。
Both the children are not clever. (Not both the children…)两个孩子并不都聪明。
Everybody, it is true, wouldn’t like it. ( Not everybody…)的确不是人人都喜欢它。
I don’t know all of them. (not all of them)对于他们我不是个个都认识的。
I don’t like both of them. (not both of them.)这两本小说，我不是都喜欢。
注：当all与can not或won’t构成否定句式时，其否定不再发生转移，而表示全部否定。
All the foreigners can not pass the borders without visas.所有外国人没有签证均不能过境。
All the treatment won’t make any help for her disease.所有的治疗对他的疾病都无用。
十、"否定主句+肯定式方式从句" 中，主句和从句意思正好相反。例：
Whales are not fish, as many people think.鲸不是鱼，而许多人却认为鲸是鱼。
十一、主语是否定特征时，翻译应根据具体情况确定。否定可以转移，也可以不转移。例：
Nobody who has ever seen good-quality color television can ever be completely happy with black and white again.看过高质量彩色电视的人再也不可能对黑白电视感到满足了。
否定转移 否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。 一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。 此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess, be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。 - I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t met youbefore.") 我认为我没有见过你。 - I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。 - I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？ - He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。 - I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。 注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： （1）用作插入语时： - Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。 - Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。 （2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时： - I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。 （3）用于疑问句时： - Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？ （4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时： - You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。 - I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。 - I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident.我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。 （5）think , expect 作料想讲时： - I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。 - We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。 （6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时： - Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a part of the exam. 别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。 - I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty. 我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。 - I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。 - I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。 （7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every , many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时： - I don’t believe both of them are innocent.我不相信他们两个都是清白的。 - I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes. 我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。 - We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic. 我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。 （8）由于cannot help, ought not，need not，not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离： - I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句的改法(150308) 动词的分类 Be动词：is, am, are, was, were 助动词：do, does, did, has, have, had 动词情态动词：can, must, may, should, 等 实义动词：run, eat, play, like, 等等。 陈述句改为一般疑问句的改法： 一般疑问句：以be动词、助动词、情态动词为句首，句末有问号（？）的句子。例如： Is she a doctor. 她是一名医生吗？ Has she got any grapes? 她有些葡萄吗？（这里的has是助动词，got（get的原形）是有的意思。 Can you fly? 你会飞吗？ 当句子中的谓语只有实义动词，没有be动词、助动词、情态动词的时候，句子变一般疑问句时要加do、does、did（do、dose的过去式）其中之一。如：The fox likes grapes. 句子的谓语没有be动词、助动词、情态动词，只有likes，like是实义动词，因此，句首要加助动词；又因为the fox是第三人称单数，句首的助动词就用does. 句子的就变成Does the fox like grapes? 注意原来likes中的s，要删除。 一般疑问句主语和be动词、助动词、情态动词倒装。没有这三类词时要加助动词。如：She is a doctor. to school at seven. Is she a doctor? 记住：实义动词始终在主语的后面。 注意：述句（句子后面只有句号的句子）给成一般疑问句时，一般情况下，还要把第一人称I、we、my、our改成you、your，把some变成any。如： I have got some apples. I am making my aeroplane. 变成：Have you got any apples? Are you making your aeroplane? We are watching TV. 变成：Are you watching TV? 还要注意：如果has、have、had、do、does、did后面是名词时，has、have就不是助动词了，他们是实义动词。改一般疑问时不能提前（一般情况下，所有实义动词都不能提到主语前面），要根据时态加助动词do、does、did。 如：She has breakfast everyday. Does she have breakfast everyday? 练习，把下列的句子改成一般疑问句。 1. His father is an English teacher. 2. These cats are crying. 3. They can swim. 4. I like to read English. 5. I go to school on foot. 6. He likes English. 7. His father goes to work by bus. 8. He is crying under the tree. 9. His birthday is on the twentieth of November. 10. Mrs. Li and Kitty are in a big shop. 11. Kitty is wearing her new uniform.
英语语法：英语的十一种否定转移现象 摘要：否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。 否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例： He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him.他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。 John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。 以上句子是否采用“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻辑为准则。 一、在表示“看法”的谓语动词上的否定形式，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。 此类动词有： think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到),guess,be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。 I don't believe I've met you before. 我认为我没有见过你。 I don't think you will be late.我认为你不会迟到。 I don't suppose he cares, does he?我看他不在乎，对吧？ He doesn't expect we need worry.他认为我们不必着急。 I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school.我认为她还没到上学的年纪。 注：上述表示“看法”或“判断”的动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： （1）用作插入语时： Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.我想李蕾不会生你的气。 Tom, I suppose, won’t be againstit.我猜想汤姆不会反对。
专题: 把肯定句改成否定句 把肯定句改成否定句分以下情况： 1、句中有be动词的，在be动词后加not； 2、句中有情态动词的（can ,should，must ，would），在情态动词后面加not； 3、句中没有be动词和情态动词的，在动词前加d on’t或doesn’t ； ①句中动词为原形的，加d on’t.如： I like apples. →I do n’t like apples. ②句中动词为三单式的，加does n’t，并将三单式的动词还原成原形。 如：He likes apples.→ He does n’t like apples. ③时态为过去时的,要加didn’t 而且动词过去式要改为原形, 例:I went to school yesterday .→I didn’t go to school yeaterday . 4.肯定句中的some在否定句中应改为any 如：There are some students in the classroom.→ There are not any students in the classroom. 将下列各句改成否定句 1、Tom’s brother is walking in the park. ______________________________________________________ 3、The students of Class 5 are cleaning the classroom. ______________________________________________________ 5、Tom and Mary are friends. ______________________________________________________ 7、There are some books in the bookcase. ______________________________________________________ 9、I’m a student. ______________________________________________________ 11、Your father can ride a bike. ______________________________________________________ 13、They can play football after school. ______________________________________________________ 16、We come from China. ______________________________________________________ 19、He likes the violin. ______________________________________________________ 20、Have some bread, Tom. ______________________________________________________
动词think后的从句一定要否定前移吗？ 云南省昭通市威信县第二中学杨天喜（657900） 在人教版高中英语必修三（p18）有这么一个句子：I don’t think it’s very funny. 大家都知道，这是一个典型的否定前移的句子。在宾语从句中，若主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示心理活动的动词时，宾语从句不能用否定形式，若宾语从句是否定句式，则常将否定词not前移到主句谓语动词前面，从而形成“形式上否定主句，实际上否定宾语从句”的现象，这种语法现象叫做否定前移。但是必须注意的是：这种特殊句型的主语一定是第一人称I或者we，若是第二三人称代词（不论单复数）做句子主语，便不能形成否定前移。如： I don’t think he will come this afternoon.我认为他今天下午不会来。 What a pity! I don’t believe I know you. 很遗憾，我并不认识你。 I don’t guess that they have got married. 我猜他们还没有结婚。 I don’t expect they have finished the work.我料想他们还没有完成工作。 I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad. 我看他在国外学习几年后不会回家乡了。 I don’t feel you should go.我觉得你不应该去。 I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her.我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。 任何语法规则都有例外，如果属于下列情况，则不进行否定前移： 1．主句中的谓语动词若与情态动词或者副词连用时，不否定前移。如： I can’t believe that they are married.我真不敢相信他们结婚了。 We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny.我们不能相信他是用正当手段挣钱。 I mustn’t think he’s an honest person.我一定不会认为他是一个诚实的人。 I didn’t eve r suppose that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。 We really think he is not fit for his office. 我们真的认为他不适合这项工作。 I sometimes think she doesn’t work hard. 我有事认为他学习不努力。 I can’t believe that they are married. 我不会相信他们结婚了。 I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.摩尔夫人，我认为你晚上不应该独自一人出来。 I sometimes think he is not an honest man.我有时认为她并不诚实。 2．当think用在疑问句中构成双重疑问句时，不用否定迁移。如： Why do you think I can’t change your note?你为什么认为我换不开你的钞票呢？Do you think he can’t come here tomorrow? 你认为他明天不能来这儿吗？ Why do you think I can’t do it? 你为什么认为我不会做它呢? Do you think my father won’t agree? 你认为我父亲不会同意吗? 3．当think前有强调词do/does/did表强调时，不用否定前移。如： I do think he is not married. 我一定认为他还没有结婚。 We do think you should not stay up late. 我们的确认为你不应该熬夜那么晚的。 I do think you shouldn’t hurt her.我的确认为你不该伤害她。 4．当I think, I believe等被看作插入语成分、和其他部分无关时不用否定前移。如：
初中英语测试题-肯定句变否定句 1.There is a party tonight to celebrate the establishment of the relationship between the two companies. 2.I have a series of interesting books about the dinosaur. 3.The agreement has to be drawn up in the presence of two witnesses. 4.The ship’s radio equipment was put out of action during the fire. 5.You must attend that very important meeting. Keys: ◆There is not a party tonight to celebrate the establishment of the relationship between the two companies. ◆I have not/do not have a series of interesting books about the dinosaur. ◆The agreement does not have to be drawn up in the presence of two witnesses. ◆The ship’s radio equipment was not put out of action during the fire. ◆You may not attend that very important meeting.
think否定转移的用法分析（一） 当主语是第一人称，think, believe, expect, guess 等谓语动词接that宾语从句时，如果用否定式，否定意义要转移到从句的谓语。例如：I don't think he is honest. “我认为他不诚实。”但我却看到这样一个句子：He doesn't think you realize the gravity of the situation. “他认为你没意识到局势的严重性。”我的疑问是，这个句子主句的主语是第三人称，为什么也否定转移了呢? 关于这个问题，实际上适用于各种人称，不单纯是第一人称。所以，完全可以说：He doesn't think you realize the gravity of the situation. 关于此问题，我想说明一下个人的理解： I don't think he is honest. 在翻译成汉语时，不一定非要把“否定”转移到从句。以下两种译法都对： “我认为他不诚实。” “我不认为他诚实。” 如果把以上两句汉语再翻译成英语时，则要按英语的习惯来翻译，应把否定词转移到主句上来，应说：I don't think he is honest. 不说：I think he isn’t honest. 由此说明，汉语翻译是否转移不受限制，而英语的转移则是习惯要求的。此外，下列情况，否定则不转移。 1. 如果否定词不是not，而是never, hardly 等，则不转移。因为一旦转移，意思跟原来不符。例如： I think he will never escape hard work. 我想他永远逃避不了辛苦的工作。 We think she can hardly finish the job in one day. 我们认为她很难在一天内完成这项工作。
基础语法：试谈英语的否定转移 【中小学英语】 在学英语的过程中，学生常将这样的句子"我认为这不是个好主意." 译为"I think it isn't a good idea." 而将这句英语译成汉语时，学生又会译为"我不认为这是个好主意." 老师又会说译错了，这不符合"I don't think..." 句型，应译为"l don't think it's a good idea." 那么，这错误的根源究竟在哪里？这就是“英语的否定转移”在作怪。否定转移在非正式语体中特别常见，它是将语义上属于从属分句（一般为that clause）的否定词转移到母句中去。允许否定转移的母句动词在语义上可分为以下两组： 1．看法（OPINION）：anticipate，be supposed to，believe，calculate，expect，figure (infml，AmE),imagine, reckon (infml，esp, in AmE)，suppose，think: Eg. I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven't met you before.") Eg. She didn't imagine that we would say anything. ("She imagined we wouldn't say anything.") Eg. He didn't expect to win. ("He expected not to win.")
2．感觉(PERCEPTION) appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if (后三个动词也作infml，esp，in AmE，其中用like 来代替as if）： Eg. It doesn't seem that we canget our money back. "It seems that we can't get our money back." Eg. The baby doesn't appear to be awake. ("The baby appears not to be awake.") Eg. It doesn't look like it's going to rain. ("It looks like it isn't going to rain.") 否定的转移是一种含糊的现象。对于否定词位置不同的两个句子，意思是否相同，或者在多大程度上相同的问题，各人的直觉可能是不同的。但在
否定句型 I am not ... 结构︰主词＋be 动词（am／are／is）＋not＋…。 说明︰在肯定句中be <动词>的后面加not 就构成<否定句>。 I am not a student. 我不是学生。 You are not a lawyer. 你不是律师。 It is not a watch. 它不是手表。 I am not + V-ing. 结构︰主词＋am（are／is）＋not＋现在分词…。 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>（人，物）不是正在…”。要构成<现在进行式>的<否定句>，只需在be <动词>后面加not。 They are not playing. 他们不是正在玩。 She is not watching TV. 她不是正在看电视。 We are not cleaning the room. 我们不是正在打扫房间。 I don’t + V ... 结构︰主词＋don’t／doesn’t＋原形动词＋…。 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>不（没有）做某事”。肯定句中，如有一般<动词>（speak／work／teach／…），则在一般<动词>前加don’t 或doesn’t，并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>（不加s或es），即构成<否定句>。 I don’t have any brothers.我没有任何的兄弟。 He doesn’t know Mr. Brown.他不认识布朗先生。 My mother doesn’t speak English.我母亲不会讲英语。 I wasn’t ... 结构︰主词＋was／were＋not＋形容词＋过去时间。 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>不是…”。was，were 是be 动词的<过去式>，当句中出现以下<副词>（<片语>）时，<动词>常用过去式：ago，before，yesterday（morning，afternoon，evening），last night，the other day，in the past，just now…。在was，were 后面加not，即构成be <动词>过去式的<否定句>；将was，were 移到句首，w 改为大写，句点改为问号，即构成be <动词>过去式的<疑问句>。 Tom was not busy yesterday. 汤姆昨天不忙。 We were not at home yesterday. 我们昨天不在家。 It was not hot yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午天气不热。 The boys were sick yesterday. 这些男孩昨天生病。 It was cold last winter. 去年冬天天气寒冷。 Was your brother early to class yesterday morning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上课早到吗？ I didn’t + V ... 结构︰主词＋didn’t＋原形动词＋…过去时间。 说明︰本句型的肯定形式是：“<主词>＋过去式（＋ed）＋…过去时间”；将肯定句中的过去式改为“did not （＝didn’t）＋原形<动词>”，即构成过去式的<否定句>。 He didn’t clean the room yesterday.他昨天没打扫房间。 She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗这裙子。 Tom didn’t watch TV last night.汤姆昨晚没看电视。 He talked to his sister after lunch. 午餐后，他跟他的妹妹谈话。 They didn’t cook lunch for their grandfather yesterday.他们昨天没有为他们的祖父做午饭。 Mary cleaned the room this morning. 玛丽今天早晨打扫了房间。 John didn’t get up early this morning. 约翰今天早晨没有早起床。 Tom didn’t iron his shirt yesterday.汤姆昨天没有熨衬衣。
三、宾语从句变否定句。 如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think、suppose、 guess、believe、expect、consider等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。 I think chicken can swim . He said that he would go shopping. I don't think he will come this evening. She believes he doesn't study harder. I thought that he would come back soon. He thinks that he is fit for the job. 四、宾语从句变反意疑问句 如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。 I think he is a good student ，______ _______ ？ They want to know if he is a good student ， _______ _______ ？ We think Xiao Ming is a good boy,______ _______? She thinks XiaoDong is healthy,______ _______? I don't think that you can do it, ______ ______? We don't believe that the news is true, _______ ______? They all think that English is very useful, _____ _____? He didn't think that the news is true, ____ _____? We think that we will win the game,_______ ______? I suppose father is sleeping ，______ _____ ？ I don’t think you are right ，_____ ______ ？ We told him we would go there next week ,______ _____ ? He said that he would come back next Monday ，______ _______ ？ They don’t think that she will win ，______ _______ ？
【每日一题】否定前移, wear 中考频度：★★★☆☆难易程度：★★★☆☆ 1. （2018年? 内蒙古包头中考）I’m afraid I didn’t _________ you. Could you repeat your words? A. Believe B. follow C. please D. satisfy 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】句意：恐怕我没听懂你的话，你能重复一下你的话吗？动词辨析。A. believe相信；B. follow 跟随；C. please请；D. satisfy满意。根据下文Could you repeat your words？你能重复一下你的话吗？结合题干I'm afraid I didn't you可知是"我没听懂你的话"，即I didn't follow you.所以B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 【归纳拓展】 否定前移 宾语从句跟在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后，主句时态为一般现在时，且主 句主语是第一人称（I, we），变否定句时，要否定主句，而不是从句，我们称之为＂否定前移 ＂；变反意疑问句时，附加问句要与从句一致。 I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。 →I don’t think you are right. 我认为你是不对的。 →I don’t think he is clever, is he? 我认为他不聪明，是吗？ 【助记】 ＂否定前移＂的4个常用词 我认为（think）猜想（suppose）不可相信（believe），我期待着（expect）你的回答。 【注意】 若主句的主语是第二、三人称，变否定句时，要在从句上否定；变反意疑问句时，附加 句要与主句一致。 They think you are right. 他们认为你是对的。 →They think you are not right. 他们认为你是对的。 →They think you are right, don’t they? 他们认为你是对的，不是吗？ １
初一英语句型转换肯定改否定，一般疑问句 A.将下列句子改为否定句。(每空一词) 1.They are cleaning the classroom. They cleaning the classroom. 2.I can find my watch. I find my watch. 3.She is wearing a sweater today. She wearing a sweater today. 4.There are some bananas on the table. There are bananas o n the table. 5. There is a bottle and a glass under the chair. There ______ a bottle _____ a glass under the chair. 6. She can speak a little Chinese now. She _______ _______ speak a little Chinese now. 7. He has tea in the afternoon. He ______ ________ tea in the afternoon. 8. They knew me very well. They _____ _____ me very well. 9. My sister likes meat very much. My sister ______ _____ meat very much. 10. I think he is right. I ______ _______ he _______ right. 11. Please put these books in the box. _____ _____ these books in the box. 12. I want some milk. I ______ ________ _______ milk. 13. Go to the classroom. ______ _____ to the classroom. 14. There were some apples in the basket. There ______ ______ apples in the basket. 15. They are watching TV now. The y _____ ______ watching TV now. B.将下列句子改为一般疑问句。(每空一词) 1.There is a river in the picture. a river in the picture? 2.There are some boys in the room. boys in the room? 3.They are singing over there. over there? 4.I am in Class Two. in Class Two? 5. Tom and Jim stay in China now. _____ Tom and Jim stay in China now? 6. He likes meat a lot. _____ he ______ meat a lot? 7. Americans speak American English. _______ Americans _______ American English? 8. The boy had many friends. _______ the boy ______ many friends? 9. Lin Tao often does his homework at 7∶00. ______ Lin Tao often ______ his homework at 7:00? 10. He buys some eggs every week. he eggs every week? 11. Miss Gao often buys things in the shop. ________ Miss Gao often ________ things in the shop? 12. Jim usually has breakfast at six in the morning. ________ Jim usually ________ breakfast in the morning? 13. Han Mei was doing her homework at home. _______ Han Mei ______ her homework at home? 14. Lily and Lucy want some apples. Lily and Lucy want apples? 15. They are buying a lot of things from the shop. ______ they ______ a lot of thongs from the shop?
英语否定句综合教程 一、转换否定 引用薄冰的原话,是“在英语中常可见到一些……形式上否定而意义上则表肯定的句子”。 1.cannot…too You cannot be too careful. 误译:你不能太小心。 正译:你越小心越好。 英语说的cannot…too,意为“就算再……也不过分”或“越……越好”,其中的can表示可能性,too有over之意,可以换用enough或sufficient等字样。同时,在not的位置换用其他的否定词,如hardly,scarcely等也是可以的。因此下面5句话的意思同上面这句话的意思是完全一样的。 You cannot be over careful. You cannot be careful enough. You cannot be sufficiently careful. You cannot take enough care. You cannot take sufficient care. 2.It is a good horse that never stumbles. 误译:从不失蹄的马才是好马。 正译:再好的马也有失蹄的时候。 这个句子属于“It be adjective noun that…”句型。该句型多出现在一些谚语中, 在某些情况下,这种句型需要从反面解释。 更多的例子:It is a long lane that has no turning.再长的胡同也有拐弯。（意思是:凡事总有变化,不会永远不变。） 3.He must be a fool if he does not know what I mean. 误译:如果他不懂我的意思,他肯定是个傻瓜。 正译:他就是再傻也会懂得我的意思。 4.She study no harder than me. 误译:她学习不如我努力。 正译:她和我学习都不努力。 在一些no（not） adj.比较级的句子里,意思是肯定的。 更多的例子:I couldn?t agree with you more .我非常同意你的观点。 5.I never got no sleep in those days. 误译:那些日子我从来没有不睡觉。 正译:那些日子我怎么也睡不着。 英语和汉语一样,本来两个否定会成为一个肯定,但有时为了强调否定的语气,在通俗的口语中会有双重否定仍表否定的情况。 更多的例子:“I don’t know nothing about what’s waiting for me,”said Thrash.施腊希说:“我不知道我未来的命运如何。” 二、否定句并非都表示否定 （一）含有否定词not,no,nothing,never等或表示部分否定的词hardly,barely等的句子被称为否定句。英语的否定句表现形式多种多样,应用十分广泛,但形式上的否定并不等于意义上的否定,在很多情况下,形式上的否定句表达的却是肯定的含义,需注意这类句子的理解和译法。 1.not…until till直到……才,只有……才 People do not know the importance of friends until they lose them. 人们直到失去了才知道朋友的重要。 You can not learn anything till you get rid of your complacency. 只有去掉自满,你才能真正学点东西。 It was not until midnight that we went to bed. 直到半夜,我们才去睡觉。 2.not…long before 很快就,不久就 It wasn?t long before the conqured the country. 不久他们就征服了这个国家。 It won?t be long before we finish the work.我们很快就会干完这活儿。 It will not be long before they finish the work.他们很快就会干完活儿。 （二）否定表肯定 Cannot can never 和too, too much, enough, over 搭配表示“无论怎样……也不会过分,越……越好” This can?t be stressed too strongly.这一点怎么强调也不过分”。 While you are doing your homework, you can?t be careful enough. 你做作业的时候,越小心越好。 The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of Enghish, so we can?t over emphasize the importance of learning English. 1.某些疑问句、感叹句或否定祈使句的表达与回答 例如：---You haven?t been to Quanzhou, have you? ---No, I haven?t. 是的，我没有去过。 比较：---Yes, I have. 不，我有去过。 又如：---Lovely day today, isn?t it? ---Yes, isn?t it? (降调) 是啊，真好。 Isn?t that beautiful! (感叹) 多么美丽呀! 再如：Won?t you have some beer? =Why not have some beer? （邀请）请喝点啤酒吧！ ---Take care and don?t eat any more fish. ---I won?t. 好的，我不会再吃的。