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APPENDIX B PARAMETRES OF the MODELS

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Dalle Molle Institute for Perceptual Artificial Intelligence • P.O.Box 592 • Martigny • Valais • Switzerland

DECEMBER 2001

Speech Recognition Engine for Interactive Voice Response application on Windows

Haiyan Wang IDIAP-Com 01-10

phone +41 – 27 – 721 77 11 fax +41 – 27 – 721 77 12 e-mail secretariat@idiap.chinternet http://www.idiap.ch

1. Introduction 1 2. Speech Recognition Engine........................................................................................2 2.1 Development Environment.......................................................................................3 2.2 Technology Requirements........................................................................................3 2.2.1 Technology Software..........................................................................................................4 2.2.2 Technology Models............................................................................................................6

3. Development and implementation..............................................................................7 3.1 Porting from Unix to PC..........................................................................................7 3.1.1 Data formats.......................................................................................................................7 3.1.2 Static constants name..........................................................................................................8 3.1.3 Function name....................................................................................................................8 3.1.4 Calling method...................................................................................................................8 3.1.5 Missing functions...............................................................................................................9 3.1.6 Old bugs..............................................................................................................................9

3.2 Integrating and Optimising code on Windows NT................................................10 3.2.1 Exchange of data through memory buffer........................................................................10 3.2.2 Using pipes to integrate modules......................................................................................10 3.2.3 Endeavors with Multi-thread............................................................................................11

4. Socket Programming................................................................................................12 5. Tests and Evaluations...............................................................................................12 5.1 Software Testing.....................................................................................................12 5.2 SRE Evaluation......................................................................................................13 6. Conclusion................................................................................................................13 7. Acknowledgement.....................................................................................................14 8. References.................................................................................................................15

1. Introduction This report presents a part work of the InfoVOX project. The work was to implement a Speech Recognition Engine (SRE) on Windows with state-of-the-art Speech Recognition (SR) technologies, and integrate SRE within an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system.

With the increased use of cellular telephones and more and more government regulation of how and when you can use your cell phone, Speech Recognition is a powerful tool for many of today’s automated telephone services. The recent emergence of accurate large vocabulary recognition at acceptable cost has increased the range of practical applications. Research in this field has given us a deeper insight into the nature of speech (Articulation, Acoustic, Linguistic and Perceptual Descriptions) and the way we use it to communicate. The related fields of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing have also contributed to this endeavor.

The main scientific goal of the InfoVOX project is to perform further research and development in the field of interactive voice servers, with applications in the key area of call centers for computer telephony applications. Moreover, the generic goal of the InfoVOX project is to improve the state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition and natural language processing (dialog) technologies to access large and complex databases, and to integrate this technology in a well defined computer telephony application prototype.

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儿童故事 三只恐龙 The story of the three dinosaurs

儿童故事 三只恐龙 The story of the three dinosaurs


“ I am so hungry that I will have to try and cross the rocky bridge”.
Come back Minmi! Please don’t go!
crunch
crunch
His friends begged him not to go but he set off over the rocky bridge.
… other dinosau while, the smallest dinosaur was so hungry he had to find some plants to eat. He saw Banjo run off to catch another dinosaur.
had a very long and very heavy tail. And he had a
big booming voice.
George looked Banjo straight in the eyes and roared…
You are a bully and we are tired of you bullying us!!!
And with that George swung his enormous tail around and knocked Banjo off his feet and into the fast
flowing river.
The three friends were so happy to be together again. There was lots to eat and Banjo never bullied them again.
Oh okay. I’ve had my breakfast today. But watch out because I will need lunch!
Unit 5 The Power of Nature Reading 课件-高中英语人教新课标选修六

Unit 5 The Power of Nature Reading 课件-高中英语人教新课标选修六

D. He saved people who were covered with lava .
3. Which of the following description of an eruption is NOT correct ?
A. It causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea .
B.The places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged .
C. It can be seen from a distance , even in a house garden .
D. The lava can fountain hundreds of metres .
• Mount Kilauea has produced lava more than fifty times in the last one hundred years.Sometimes the lava moves slowly.At other times it pours out very fast as a huge amount of pressure forces it from the volcano.During these times, it moves almost as quickly as water moving down the side of mountain.Sometimes Mount Kilauea produces a large amount of lava that seems like rivers of fire.When the lava from Mount Kilauea reaches the ocean, its fierce heat produces a great amount of steam that rises into the air.The lava is so hot that it continues to burn underwater for some time.The lava from Mount Kilauea continues to add
(浙江专用)unit 5 canada-“the true north” period 1

(浙江专用)unit 5 canada-“the true north” period 1

CanadaCanadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.ItislargerthantheUSAandreachesnearlyaquartero fthewayroundtheearth.Thedistancefromeasttowestisover5,500kilometresandthecountrycoverssixof theworld’s24timeareas.ThepopulationofCanadaisabout35millionandthecapitalisOttawa.Therearet woofficiallanguages,FrenchandEnglish.ThefirsttravellersarrivedfromEnglandin1497.SettlersfromFrancereachedCanada in1534.FortwocenturiesEnglishandFrenchsettlersstruggledagainsteachothertocontrolthecountry. Today,oneprovinceofCanadaisFrench­speaking.TheTVandradioprogrammesthereareinFrench.ThereareFrench restaurants,andalltheteachinginschoolsisdoneinFrench.Canadahasonethirdoftheworld’ssupplyoffreshwater.T herearefivegreatlakesinthesouth, andtherearemanyothers,especiallyinthenorth.Mostoftheelectricityisproducedbywater.Thecountryhasagreatdealofcoal, oilandnaturalgas, andtheseareallexploitedforenergy.Muchofthecountryiscoveredbyforests, andwoodiscutandsoldallovertheworld.Canadaisalsotheworld’sbiggestproducerofthekindofpaperwh ichisusedfornewspapers.FishingisalsoveryimportantforCanadians.Fishfromtheeastandwestcoastsi ssoldtomanyothercountries.加拿大加拿大是世界上的第二大国。

in Rasch Model：在Rasch模型

in Rasch Model：在Rasch模型

Only Rasch models guarantee this property.
Invariant-Person Comparisons: the same
differences are observed regardless of the
items
Consider the Rasch model predictions for log odds ratio for two persons with abilities θ1 and θ2 for an item with difficulty δi :
ln Pn1 1 Pn1
n
1,
ln Pn2 1 Pn2
n
2
Subtracting the differences yields:ln Pn1 1 Pn1来自ln Pn2 1 Pn2
(n
1) (n
2)
2
1
The ability level dropped out of the equation. So, the expected difference in performance for any examinee is the difference between item difficulties.
probabilty Pni is a function of difference (θn - δi). ▪ The model is also called logistic because the function is
logistic
Item Characteristic Curve in Rasch Dichotomous model
The number of attempts to an item: one attempt vs. more than one