Paint2.1

基于OpenGL的三维图形绘制实验基于OpenGL的三维图形绘制实验⽬录实验题⽬：交互图形程序设计基础实验 (3)1．实验⽬的 (3)2．实验内容 (3)2.1 实验内容 (3)2.2 实验任务 (3)3．实验过程 (4)3.1 预处理 (4)3.3 主要函数说明 (5)3.4 过程描述 (6)3.5 运⾏截图 (7)4．实验结果 (7)5．实验体会 (7)实验题⽬：交互图形程序设计基础实验1．实验⽬的1）理解并掌握三维基本图形数据结构表⽰⽅法。

2）掌握编写OpenGL图形程序的基本⽅法.3）掌握OpenGL基本图形表⽰及绘制。

2．实验内容2.1 实验内容基于OpenGL的三维图形绘制实验⽬的是掌握图形信息的表⽰、数据的组织，在此基础上基于OpenGL绘制出三维图形。

实验内容包括OpenGL编程环境搭建、OpenGL程序结构、基本数据类型、核⼼函数等的使⽤；基本图形的绘制（点、线段、折线、闭合折线、多边形、三⾓形、三⾓扇、三⾓条带、四边形、四边形条带等）及图形属性控制（线宽、颜⾊、线型、填充样式等）；对指定的若⼲三维模型进⾏建模、绘制，在⼀个程序框架下实现，提交1次程序，1份实验报告。

2.2 实验任务1、使⽤Visual C++建⽴⼀个单⽂档（SDI）程序，完成OpenGL绘制框架程序的设计。

在此基础上参照提供的资料，定义绘制函数，基于⾃定义的若⼲点坐标与颜⾊，分别绘制绘制点、线段、不闭合折线、闭合折线、多边形、三⾓形、四边形、三⾓扇、三⾓条带、四边形条带。

2、使⽤1中建⽴的程序框架，完成如下任务：（1）绘制正棱柱（底⾯多变形的边数及⾼度可以通过对话框输⼊）（2）正棱锥（底⾯多变形的边数及⾼度可以通过对话框输⼊）（3）正棱台（底⾯多变形的边数、台⾼、锥⾼可以通过对话框输⼊）注意模型坐标系的选择和顶点坐标的计算，每个图形的绘制单独写成函数。

加⼊菜单绘制三、四、五、六边的情况，其他边数情况从弹出对话框中输⼊参数，然后绘制。

附：船舶涂装词汇（中英文对照）及其它术语1图纸（船舶涂装用图纸）PLAN与船体1.1图纸名称（部分）1.1.1总布置图general arrangement1.1.2分段结构图block construction1.1.3油漆明细表painting scheml1.1.4除锈涂装工艺de-rusting procedure1.1.5隔音隔热绝缘布置图arrangement of heatand sounding insulation1.1.6甲板敷料布置图arrangement of deck covering1.1.7外加电流阴极保护系统安装工艺installation technique for impressed current andcathodic protection system1.1.8船体舷外标志hull marking plan1.1.9机仓布置图arrangement of engine room1.1.10水尺及载重线标志draught and load line mark1.1.11船体密性试验图hull tightness test plan1.1.12船体建造工艺孔布置图arrangement of temporary access holes for hull construstion1.2图纸词汇（部分）1.2.1中心线center line缩写C.L1.2.2基准线base line缩写B.L1.2.3肋骨符号frame space N缩写F.S.或F，N表示阿拉伯数字1.2.4比例proprotion1.2.5设计载重水线designed water line 1.2.6水尺draft mark1.2.7左port缩写P1.2.8右starboard缩写S1.3船舶部位1.3.1船体外板hull outside1.3.1.1船底bottom1.3.1.2水线boottop1.3.1.3干舷topside1.3.1.4舵rudder1.3.1.5舵杆洞rudder trunk1.3.1.6锚anchor1.3.1.7锚链chain1.3.1.8桨paddle1.3.1.9螺旋桨screw propeller1.3.2露天甲板weather decks1.3.2.1主甲板main deck1.3.2.2锚机甲板anchor deck1.3.2.3起居甲板accommodation deck 1.3.2.4艇甲板boat deck1.3.2.5驾驶甲板navigate deck1111.3.2.6罗径甲板compass deck1.3.2.7甲板室deckhouse1.3.2.8上层建筑外围壁superstructure outside well1.3.2.9烟囱funnel1.3.2.10舷墙bulwarks1.3.2.11游泳池swimming pool1.3.3舾装件fitting1.3.3.1前桅foremast1.3.3.2雷达桅radarmast1.3.3.3吊艇架boat davit1.3.3.4吊杆derrick boom1.3.3.5食品吊provision davit1.3.4各类仓柜1.3.4.1压载仓ballast tanka)双层底压载水仓double bottom ballast water tank缩写b)艏尖水仓forepeak water tank缩写F.W.T.c)艉尖水仓afterpeak water tank缩写A.W.T.d)顶边水仓ballast wing tank缩写B.W.T.1.3.4.2油柜oil tanka)主机滑油循环仓main engine lube oil circulation tankb)油类：滑油lube oil缩写L.O.船用柴油marine diesel oil缩写M.D.O.船用柴油heary fuel oil缩写F.O.液压油hydraulie oil齿轮箱油gear oilc)仓柜类：贮存柜storage tank日用柜day tank沉淀柜settling tank泄放柜drain tank溢流仓overflow tank污油仓waste oil tank油渣仓sludge oil tank注：油类和仓柜类可以组合。

【章节训练】Unit 4 My Day-1一、选择题（共20小题）1．（2.1分）It's_______now．（）A．five thirty B．six thirty C．seven thirty2．（2.1分）Let's ____ dinner together．（）A．have B．has C．having3．（2.1分）你想知道别人几点吃午餐，你应该怎么问（）A．What subjects do you like？B．What time is it？C．What time do you have lunch．4．（2.1分）当你想知道同学周末通常做什么事情时，你会问：（）A．What are you doing？B．What do you do on the weekend？C．Why are you go shopping today？5．（2.1分）﹣﹣do you do your homework？﹣﹣At six o'clock in the evening．（）A．Where B．What time C．How long6．（2.1分）My mother at eight o'clock．（）A．starts to work B．start workC．starts work7．（2.1分）该到起床的时候了，你应该怎么说（）A．It's time to get home．B．It's time to have dinner．C．It's time to get up．8．（2.1分）_v_ ryday （）A．e，e B．i，i C．e，o9．（2.1分）读一读，选出每组中不同的类的一项（）A．shopping B．work C．swimming10．（2.1分）我下午6：10吃晚饭，怎么说（）A．I have dinner at 6：10．B．I have dinner at 18：10．C．I have dinner at 17：10？11．（2.1分）﹣_____do you do it？﹣Three times a week．（）A．How often B．How much C．What12．（2.1分）I'm a doctor．I work at night．I go to bed at _____．（）A．11：00 p．mB．At 5o'clock in the morningC．At 10 o'clock at night13．（2.1分）﹣Thank you very much!﹣________（）A．That's good! B．You're welcome!C．Me too!14．（2.1分）﹣﹣﹣What time is it？﹣﹣﹣It's 12：20p．m．It's time to_______．（）A．have dinner B．have lunch C．go to school15．（2.1分）Can I ask you __________ questions？（）A．some B．any C．much D．many16．（2.1分）﹣When do you _____？﹣Classes finish at 3：50 p．m．（）A．start class B．finish classesC．finish class17．（2.1分）读一读，选出每组中不同的类的一项（）A．school B．lunch C．dinner18．（2.1分）That sounds like a lot of _______．（）A．funny B．fun C．funs19．（2.1分）When do you finish class in the morning？（）A．你们早上什么时间上课？B．你们早上什么时间放学？20．（2.1分）I often go shopping with my father on the weekend．（）A．周末我通常跟我爸爸一起去购物．B．周末我通常跟我妈妈一起跳舞．二、填空题（共5小题）（除非特别说明，请填准确值）21．（2.1分）people apple purple．22．（2.1分）teeth的单数形式是．23．（2.1分）读一读，选出每组单词不同类的一项．1．A．teacher B．policeman C．worker D．boy2．A．play B．eat C．tell D．usuallyB．afternoon C．evening D．day3．A．morning4．A．need B．usually C．often D．sometimes5．A．either B．two C．also D．too．24．（2.1分）对号入座1）What do you do on the weekend？A、I study music at a specialschool．2）Do you often go out on Saturdays？B、I often kick a shuttlecock．3）Where do you study music？C、He plays in the school bandafter school．4）What does he do after school？D、Twice a week．5）How often does she visit grandparents？E、Yes，I do．25．（2.1分）﹣do you get up？（A．When B．What）﹣At 6 o'clock．三、阅读理解（共1小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）26．（2.1分）Hello，I am Zoom．I get up at 6：00 every day in the morning．I eatbreakfast at 6：30．Then I go to school at 7：00．We do morning exercises at 8：00．We have three classes in the morning and three in the afternoon．I go home at 5：00 p．m．I play basketball at 5：30．I eat supper at 7：30．Then I do my homework．I go to bed at 9：00．This is my day．What about yours？1．How many classes does Zoom have in a day？A．Five．B．Six．2．When does Zoom play sports in the afternoon？A．At 4：30．B．At 5：30．3．Where does Zoom eat breakfast？A．At school．B．At home．4．When does Zoom go to bed？A．At 9：00 a．m．B．At 9：00 p．m．四、书面表达（共1小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）27．（ 2.1分）II atI五、连词成句（共5小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）28．（2.1分）day，today，is，it，what？29．（2.1分）play I often football．．30．（2.1分）go，school，to，you，when，do．31．（2.1分）题目：My day要求1．条理清晰．2．字迹工整．3．字数不少于40词．32．（2.1分）go Sometimes I shopping（．）（连词成句）．六、句型转换（共4小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）33．（2.1分）﹣Do you have lunch at home？﹣（做肯定回答）34．（2.1分）I often play ping﹣pong on the weekend．（对画线部分提问）？35．（2.1分）I can cook dinner．（改为否定句）．36．（2.1分）I go to school at 7：00．（对画线部分提问）．七、解答题（共5小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）37．（2.1分）38．（2.1分）起床．39．（2.1分）green rain glue glad grass train May grow paint say glove wait1．2．3．．40．（ 2.1分）1．﹣What do you do on the weekend？﹣I．2．﹣When do you？﹣At 8：00 a．m．3．﹣What do you often do？﹣I often on the weekend．41．（2.1分）A．At 7：00 a．m．B．I often read books．C．Nice to meet you，too．D．At 9：00 in the evening．E．I'm a student．1．Nice to meet you．2．When do you go to bed？3．When do you eat breakfast？4．What do you do？5．What do you do on the weekend？八、排序（共1小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）42．（2.1分）Hello! I'm Danny．I get up at seven o'clock．I go to school at eight．I go home at four thirty．I watch TV at five twenty．I go to bed at nine o'clock．I have a happy day!九、判断（共5小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）43．（2.1分）go的第三人称单数形式是goes 44．（2.1分）turn off的反义词是turn on 45．（2.1分）My mother brushs her teeth．46．（2.1分）a．m．是指上午47．（3.4分）a quarter to eight 是八点十五【章节训练】Unit 4 My Day-1参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共20小题）1．（2.1分）It's_______now．（）A．five thirty B．six thirty C．seven thirty【考点】JH：看图完成句子．【分析】现在是6点半．【解答】考查对时间的表达．five thirty5点半，six thirty6点半，seven thirty7点半，图中钟表显示的时间是6点半，所以是six thirty．故选：B．【点评】在理解图示含义的基础上结对选项进行正确的判断．2．（2.1分）Let's ____ dinner together．（）A．have B．has C．having【考点】91：动词原形．【分析】让我们一起吃晚餐．【解答】该题考查看图完成句子．Let's的后面用动词原形．故选：A．【点评】在理解句意的基础上对选项做出正确的分析与判断．3．（2.1分）你想知道别人几点吃午餐，你应该怎么问（）A．What subjects do you like？B．What time is it？C．What time do you have lunch．【考点】KH：询问时间、星期及日期．【分析】What time do you have lunch你几点吃午饭？【解答】该题考查交际用语．What subjects do you like？你喜欢什么科目？What time is it？现在什么时间？What time do you have lunch你几点吃午饭？故选：C．【点评】考查交际用语，在日常学习中要从实际情景交际中多练习，掌握一些习惯用语．结合语境，分析选项选择正确的回答，完成练习．4．（2.1分）当你想知道同学周末通常做什么事情时，你会问：（）A．What are you doing？B．What do you do on the weekend？C．Why are you go shopping today？【考点】L1：个人情况．【分析】What do you do on the weekend？你周末干什么？【解答】答案：B．本题考查有关个人情况的句型．What are you doing你正在做什么；What do you do on the weekend你周末干什么；Why are you go shopping today你今天为什么要去买东西．根据当你想知道同学周末通常做什么事情时，你会问：What do you do on the weekend你周末干什么．故选B．【点评】理解各个选项的含义，根据语境进行作答．5．（2.1分）﹣﹣do you do your homework？﹣﹣At six o'clock in the evening．（）A．Where B．What time C．How long【考点】I2：疑问词的辨析．【分析】﹣﹣你什么时候做作业？﹣﹣在晚上六点．【解答】本题考查疑问词的辨析．where哪里；what time什么时间；how long 多长．根据At six o'clock in the evening，可知这里指的是时间，用what time提问．故选：B．【点评】疑问词通常用来构成疑问句，要根据回答的具体内容进行选择，注意一些固定搭配，分清疑问词的用法．6．（2.1分）My mother at eight o'clock．（）A．starts to work B．start workC．starts work【考点】IA：动词不定式．【分析】我妈妈八点开始工作．【解答】本题考查动词不定式的用法．根据"My mother at eight o'clock．"，这里考查start to do sth表示开始做某事．故选：A．【点评】熟悉不定式的用法，结合题意，给出答案．7．（2.1分）该到起床的时候了，你应该怎么说（）A．It's time to get home．B．It's time to have dinner．C．It's time to get up．【考点】P2：汉译英．【分析】It's time to get up该到起床的时候了．【解答】该题考查汉译英．根据题干"该到起床的时候了"进行英汉对比，"该到…时候了"用固定句子"It's time to…"表示；"起床"用get up表示；A．It's time to get home该到家了；B．It's time to have dinner该吃晚饭了；C．It's time to get up该到起床的时候了；选项C与句子相符合．故选：C．【点评】英语中表示"该到…时候了"有两种表达方法，It's time to+动词原形或It's time for+名词\动名词；做题时要看清用哪种形式，然后再组织句子．8．（2.1分）_v_ ryday （）A．e，e B．i，i C．e，o【考点】51：单词拼写．【分析】everyday每天．【解答】答案：A．本题考查单词的拼写．将单词补充完整为everyday，含义是每天，故答案选A．【点评】本题主要考查对英语单词的理解，能将单词补充完整，学习中要注意加强记忆，包括单词的拼写以及单词的意思．9．（2.1分）读一读，选出每组中不同的类的一项（）A．shopping B．work C．swimming【考点】42：词性分类．【分析】"shopping"是"购物"的意思；"swimming"是"游泳"的意思，"work"是"工作"的意思．【解答】答案：B．考查词性分类．由于"shopping"是"购物"的意思；"swimming"是"游泳"的意思，都是动名词，而"work"则是"工作"的意思，故选B．【点评】对于考查词性分类，既要理解每个词的意思，又要懂得词性的分类，才能正确分类．10．（2.1分）我下午6：10吃晚饭，怎么说（）A．I have dinner at 6：10．B．I have dinner at 18：10．C．I have dinner at 17：10？【考点】P2：汉译英．【分析】I have dinner at 6：10．我下午6：10吃晚饭．【解答】该题考查汉译英．根据所给汉语意思可知句子是一般现在时；"吃晚饭"用have dinner表示；at+时间点，"在下午六点十分"用英语at 18：10表示；组成句子是I have dinner at 18：10；A．I have dinner at 6：10．我在早上6点十分吃晚饭；B．I have dinner at 18：10．我下午6：10吃晚饭；C．I have dinner at 17：10？我在17：10吃晚饭？选项B与句子相符合．故选：B．【点评】汉译英题，要先分析汉语句子，判断句子时态，根据识记英语单词来组织句子．11．（2.1分）﹣_____do you do it？﹣Three times a week．（）A．How often B．How much C．What【考点】I2：疑问词的辨析．【分析】你多久做一次？一周三次．【解答】答案：A．考查疑问句，Three times a week一周三次，表示频率，用how often 进行提问，A．How often 多久一次，表示频率，B．How much多少钱，或对不可数名词熟量进行提问，表示多少，C．What疑问代词，什么，故选A．【点评】疑问句考查，分析好句子结构与句子意思，对于疑问词选择要结合句意，分析选项的意思，再确定符合句意的答案．12．（2.1分）I'm a doctor．I work at night．I go to bed at _____．（）A．11：00 p．mB．At 5o'clock in the morningC．At 10 o'clock at night【考点】83：年、月、日、时、星期的表达法．【分析】我是一名医生．我在晚上工作．我早上5点上床睡觉．【解答】答案：B．考查时间的表达．题目中说我是一个医生，我在晚上工作，所以可以判断应该是在早上休息．A选项是晚上11点，不正确，C选项是晚上10点，B选项是早上五点，故答案是B．【点评】此题应根据上下文来判断是在什么时候睡觉，另外a．m和p．m的区分要清楚，a．m是上午，而p．m是下午．13．（2.1分）﹣Thank you very much!﹣________（）A．That's good! B．You're welcome!C．Me too!【考点】K5：致谢．【分析】﹣非常感谢！﹣不客气【解答】答案：B．本题考查常用交际用语．题干的意思是，"非常感谢!"当别人表示感谢时，我们应回答You're welcome．意为：不客气．其中A．That's good的意思是太好了．B．You're welcom的意思是不客气，C．Me too的意思是我也是．故选B．【点评】考查交际用语，在日常学习中要多练习，掌握一些习惯用语，结合语境，分析选项，选择正确的答案，完成练习．14．（2.1分）﹣﹣﹣What time is it？﹣﹣﹣It's 12：20p．m．It's time to_______．（）A．have dinner B．have lunch C．go to school【考点】57：短语．【分析】﹣﹣现在是几点﹣﹣现在是下午12：20．是该吃午饭的时间了【解答】本题考查短语语义辨析．have dinner．吃晚饭；have lunch．吃午饭；go to school．上学．p．m．的意思是"下午"，；It's time to…意思是"是…的时候"．根据常识，可知下午12：20应该是吃午饭的时间，即It's time to have lunch．故选：B．【点评】首先能够理解短语的语义以及题干句子的意思，然后根据语境，选择合适的短语．15．（2.1分）Can I ask you __________ questions？（）A．some B．any C．much D．many【考点】76：不定代词．【分析】我可以问你一些问题吗？【解答】答案：A．该题考查不定代词的用法．A．some 一些，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，用于肯定句或者表示委婉语气或祈求的一般疑问句B．any 任何一些，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词用于否定句和一般疑问句．C．much 许多，修饰不可数名词．D．many 许多，修饰可数名词的复数形式．根据原文是一个表示委婉祈求的一般疑问句，再加之最后是复数名词"questions"故选A．【点评】做此类型的题，了解原题的语境和句子的类型，同时要多掌握不定代词的不同用法．16．（2.1分）﹣When do you _____？﹣Classes finish at 3：50 p．m．（）A．start class B．finish classesC．finish class【考点】57：短语；L5：学校与日常生活．【分析】﹣你们什么时候下课？﹣课程结束是在下午3点50．【解答】答案：C．finish class．本题考点是固定短语finish class的用法．根据问题的回答来看应该是问什么时候下课，而start class是开始上课．B选项class用的是复数不对，故答案是C．【点评】对于固定短语的用法大家在学习的过程中一定要牢记清楚，固定的搭配一定要记住．17．（2.1分）读一读，选出每组中不同的类的一项（）A．school B．lunch C．dinner【考点】41：类别分类．【分析】school学校，lunch午餐，dinner晚餐．【解答】答案：A．本题考查类别分类．school学校，lunch午餐，dinner晚餐．lunch和dinner都是表示三餐的名词，school是表示学校．故选A．【点评】解答本题需要学生正确理解所给单词的词义以及类别，然后合理的进行分类．18．（2.1分）That sounds like a lot of _______．（）A．funny B．fun C．funs【考点】64：不可数名词．【分析】那听起来像是很有趣．【解答】答案：B．该题考查不可数词．funny是形容词，意为"有趣的，滑稽的，奇怪的"；fun 是名词，意为"有趣的事"，fun是不可数名词，故填：B．【点评】理解funny与fun的不同用法结合句意正确作答．19．（2.1分）When do you finish class in the morning？（）A．你们早上什么时间上课？B．你们早上什么时间放学？【考点】P1：英译汉．【分析】When do you finish class in the morning？你们早上什么时间下课？【解答】答案：B．该题考查英译汉．该句为以when引导的特殊疑问句，finish class下课，in the morning在早晨．故选：B．【点评】解答该题的关键是记忆常见的英语单词以及短语，掌握句子的句型．20．（2.1分）I often go shopping with my father on the weekend．（）A．周末我通常跟我爸爸一起去购物．B．周末我通常跟我妈妈一起跳舞．【考点】P1：英译汉．【分析】I often go shopping with my father on the weekend周末我通常跟我爸爸一起去购物．【解答】答案：A．该题考查英译汉．on the weekend在周末，my father我父亲，go shopping购物，故选：A．【点评】解答该题的关键是记忆常见的英语单词和短语，掌握语法．二、填空题（共5小题）（除非特别说明，请填准确值）21．（2.1分）people apple purple T．【考点】32：国际音标．【分析】people人们，apple苹果，purple紫色的【解答】答案：T．考查字母发音，字母ple在单词people中发[pəl]，字母ple在单词apple中发[pəl]，字母ple在单词purple中发[pəl]，它们发音相同，故填t．【点评】字母发音要多训练，熟练国际音标，在单词记忆中多朗读．跟读录音．22．（2.1分）teeth的单数形式是tooth．【考点】63：可数名词及其单复数．【分析】tooth牙齿．【解答】该题考查可数名词的单数与复数．teeth的单数形式是tooth．故填：tooth．【点评】解答该题的关键是识记积累常用的单词，注意单复数的掌握．23．（2.1分）读一读，选出每组单词不同类的一项．D1．A．teacher B．policeman C．worker D．boyD2．A．play B．eat C．tell D．usuallyD3．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．dayA4．A．need B．usually C．often D．sometimesB5．A．either B．two C．also D．too．【考点】41：类别分类；42：词性分类．【分析】A．teacher教师B．policeman警察C．worker工人D．boy男孩．A．play玩B．eat吃C．tell告诉D．usually通常．A．morning早上B．afternoon中午C．evening晚上D．day天．A．need需要B．usually通常C．often经常D．sometimes有时．A．either也B．two两个C．also也D．too也．【解答】答案：1﹣D．本题考查类别分类．A．teacher教师B．policeman警察C．worker工人D．boy男孩．ABC都是职业名词，D是单词男孩，故选D．2﹣D．本题考查词性分类．A．play玩B．eat吃C．tell告诉D．usually通常．ABC 都是动词，D是程度副词，与之不同，故选D．3﹣D．本题考查类别分类．A．morning早上B．afternoon中午C．evening晚上D．day白天．ABC是一天中的早上中午和晚上，D是白天，故选D．4﹣A．本题考查词性分类．A．need需要B．usually通常C．often经常D．sometimes有时．BCD都是程度副词，A是动词，故选A．5﹣B．本题考查词性分类．A．either也B．two两个C．also也D．too也．ACD 都是副词，B是数词，故选B．【点评】解答本题需要学生正确理解所给单词的词义以及类别，然后合理的进行分类．24．（2.1分）对号入座B1）What do you do on the weekend？A、I study music at a specialschool．E2）Do you often go out on Saturdays？B、I often kick a shuttlecock．A3）Where do you study music？C、He plays in the school bandafter school．C4）What does he do after school？D、Twice a week．D5）How often does she visit grandparents？E、Yes，I do．【考点】KR：对话搭配．【分析】1．你周末做什么？我经常踢毽子．2．你周六经常出去吗？是的，我是．3．你在哪里学习音乐？我在一所特殊学校学习音乐．4．放学后他做什么？放学后他在学校乐队演奏．5．他多久去看一次祖父母？一周两次．【解答】1．B．考查对话搭配．问句是what引导的疑问句，询问"周末你做什么"．答句主语为I，并要有具体的动作，kick a shuttlecock表示"踢毽子"，故为B．2．E．考查对话搭配．问句是do为引导词的一般疑问句，答句是Yes，I do．或No，I don't．故为E．3．A．考查对话搭配．问句是where引导的疑问句，询问地点．答句要有表示地点的词，at a special school．表示"一所特殊学校"，故为A．4．C．考查对话搭配．问句是what引导的疑问句，询问"放学后他做什么"．答句主语为he，并要具体回答放学后做什么．故为C．5．D．考查对话搭配．问句是how often引导的疑问句，意为"多久"，询问次数．答句要有表示次数的词，Twice a week．意为"一周两次"，故为D．【点评】理解对话的意思，根据引导词提问的内容寻找答句．所以要掌握疑问词的用法，知道每个疑问词都是用来提问什么的．25．（2.1分）﹣A do you get up？（A．When B．What）﹣At 6 o'clock．【考点】I2：疑问词的辨析．【分析】你什么时候起床？六点钟．【解答】答案：A．考查疑问词，At 6 o'clock在六点钟，表示时间，用疑问副词When进行询问，what 疑问代词，什么．问句是对时间进行询问，故选A．【点评】做单项选择题，可运用直接法进行作答．要求熟练掌握运用语法知识，结合题干信息作答．三、阅读理解（共1小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）26．（2.1分）Hello，I am Zoom．I get up at 6：00 every day in the morning．I eat breakfast at 6：30．Then I go to school at 7：00．We do morning exercises at 8：00．We have three classes in the morning and three in the afternoon．I go home at 5：00 p．m．I play basketball at 5：30．I eat supper at 7：30．Then I do my homework．Igo to bed at 9：00．This is my day．What about yours？1．How many classes does Zoom have in a day？BA．Five．B．Six．2．When does Zoom play sports in the afternoon？BA．At 4：30．B．At 5：30．3．Where does Zoom eat breakfast？BA．At school．B．At home．4．When does Zoom go to bed？BA．At 9：00 a．m．B．At 9：00 p．m．【考点】O1：文中细节．【分析】你好，我是Zoom．我每天早上6点起床．我在6点30分吃早餐．然后7点去上学．我们早上8点做早操．我们早上有三节课，下午有三节课．我下午5点回家．我在5点半打篮球．我在晚上7点30分吃晚饭．然后我做我的家庭作业．我在9点钟上床睡觉．这是我的一天．你的呢？【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据文中"We have three classes in the morning and three in the afternoon．"可知Zoom一天有六节课，six六，five五．故选B．2．B．细节理解题．根据文中"I play basketball at 5：30．"可知下午五点半玩球类运动，故选B．3．B．逻辑推理题．根据文中"I eat breakfast at 6：30．Then I go to school at 7：00．"可知Zoom在家吃早餐，故选B．4．B．细节理解题．根据文中"I go to bed at 9：00．"可知Zoom在晚上九点上床睡觉，a．m．上午，p．m．下午．故选B．【点评】做阅读题时，首先浏览问题，然后带着问题去读文章，这样有利于抓住全文重点．读文章时，要把握全文大意，根据问题中的关键词，在文章中搜索答案．四、书面表达（共1小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）27．（ 2.1分）I have breakfast at seven thirty．I go to school at eight o'clock．I do homework atnine o'clock．【考点】JD：仿写．【分析】我7点起床．我7点半吃早饭．我8点去上学．我9点做作业．【解答】考查句式仿写．由题，所给句式为"I do sth at +时间"，时态为一般现在时，图中书包意为"去上学（go to school）"，"做作业（do homework）"一般在晚上．故答：I have breakfast at seven thirty．I go to school at eight o'clock．I do homework at nine o'clock．【点评】按题目要求进行仿写，注意句子的时态以及句式结构．五、连词成句（共5小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）28．（2.1分）day，today，is，it，whatWhat day is it today？【考点】J5：连词成句．【分析】What day is it today？今天是星期几？【解答】该题考查连词成句．首先结合提示词和标点符合明确所要组合的句子是一个特殊疑问句，组合成的句子的句意是：今天是星期几？句子叙述一件事实，时态用一般现在时，提问星期几用what day提问，后面跟be动词is，然后跟主语it，最后是时间短语today．故答案为：What day is it today？【点评】做连词成句时有四点技巧：第一看标点，判断句子是陈述句还是疑问句，把握准整体方向；第二连词组，将单词连成短语，有些是固定搭配，有些是常用短语；第三连句子，将短语连成句子，并确定好主语或者相关的疑问词；第四做检查，检查句型是否正确、有无漏词和拼写错误以及首字母是否大写了等等．以后遇到连词成句按这四步来，即可迎刃而解．29．（2.1分）play I often football．I often play football．【考点】J5：连词成句．【分析】我经常踢足球．【解答】答案：I often play football．该题考查连词成句．根据所给单词和标点可知句意是：我经常踢足球．踢足球play football，所以答案是I often play football．【点评】首先看标点符号，粗略地看看词，把固定搭配放在一起．根据句子意思再细致地连．检查词数，单词拼写是否有误，主要是抓住核心短语，主语，谓语等．30．（2.1分）go，school，to，you，when，doWhen do you go to school？．【考点】J5：连词成句．【分析】你什么时候去上学？【解答】答案：When do you go to school？考查连词成句，问号表示句子是疑问句，结构是疑问词+一般疑问句句式，go to school去上学，when疑问词，什么时候，do助动词，故填When do you go to school？【点评】连词成句看准句子标点符号，确定句子句式，分析单词词义与词性，明确句子成分，按照句子结构进行排列．31．（2.1分）题目：My day要求1．条理清晰．2．字迹工整．3．字数不少于40词．【考点】Q2：命题作文．【分析】本文写作思路：按时间顺序记叙一天发生的事情．用First，Then，After把全文连接起来．最后点题，照应题目．注意时态可以用一般现在时，也可以用一般过去时，选择自己比较熟悉的内容发挥，利用自己熟悉的单词句式．重点词汇：have breakfast吃早餐，do morning exercise做早操，do homework做作业等．【解答】My dayToday is Monday．First，I get up at 6：00．I have my breakfast at 6：30．Then，I go to school at 7：00．I do morning exercise at 7：50．I have eight classes a day．I go home at 5：00．I do my homework after school．I watch TV after dinner．After an hour，I wash my face and brush my teeth．I go to bed at 9：00．This's my day．我的一天今天是星期一．首先是6点起床．我早上六点半吃早饭．然后我七点钟去学校．七点五十做早操．我一天有八节课．我5点就回家了．放学后我做我的功课．晚饭后我看电视．一小时后，我洗脸和刷牙．我9点去睡觉．这是我的一天．【点评】小学阶段，英文写作一般考查学生的语言运用能力，写作内容简单实用．学生必须掌握重要的单词拼写以及语法结构，要求语句通顺，语法、时态正确，书写规范，上下文之间可以适当使用连接词，如then等．32．（2.1分）go Sometimes I shopping（．）（连词成句）Sometimes I go shopping．．【考点】J5：连词成句．【分析】有时我去购物．【解答】答案：Sometimes I go shopping．考查连词成句，句号表示句子陈述句，主谓宾顺序，go去，sometimes有时候，I 我，shopping购物，故填Sometimes I go shopping．【点评】连词成句，看准句子标点符号，确定句子句式，分析单词词义与词性，明确句子成分，按照句子结构进行排列．六、句型转换（共4小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）33．（2.1分）﹣Do you have lunch at home？﹣Yes，I do．（做肯定回答）【考点】ID：一般疑问句．【分析】你在家吃午饭吗？是的，我在家吃．【解答】本题考查一般疑问句及肯定回答．题干是助动词Do开头的一般疑问句，回答时用I作答．回答遵循：Yes，I do；No，I don't．故肯定回答为：Yes，I do．【点评】本题考查了一般疑问句及答语．首先要熟练掌握一般疑问句的基本用法及结构，其次回答分为肯定回答和否定回答两种．34．（2.1分）I often play ping﹣pong on the weekend．（对画线部分提问）What do youoften doon the weekend？【考点】J6：就划线部分提问．【分析】我周末经常打乒乓球．【解答】答案：What do you often do on the weekend？考查划线部分提问，pingpang乒乓球，名词事物，对其划线提问，用疑问代词What，故填What do you often do on the weekend？【点评】根据句子意思与划线的句子成分，进行确定疑问词，多辨析特殊疑问词，比如what，who，where，which等．35．（2.1分）I can cook dinner．（改为否定句）I can't cook dinner．【考点】J3：肯定句转否定句．【分析】我能做晚饭．【解答】答案：I can't cook dinner．考查肯定句变成否定句，can是情态动词，表示能，能够，否定句在情态动词can 后加not，缩写成can't，故填I can't cook dinner．【点评】句子肯定句变成否定句，看准句子的时态与结构，含有情态动词的句子，在其后加not，疑问句把情态动词提到句首．36．（2.1分）I go to school at 7：00．（对画线部分提问）When do you go to school？．【考点】J6：就划线部分提问．【分析】我七点钟去上学．【解答】答案：When do you go to school？考查划线部分提问，at 7：00在七点钟，表示时间，做时间状语，用疑问副词When提问，人称代词I变成you，故填When do you go to school？【点评】划线提问要看准句子时态与划线的句子成分，确定疑问词，熟悉特殊疑问句的基本结构．七、解答题（共5小题）（选答题，不自动判卷）37．（2.1分）【考点】P3：单词翻译．【分析】usually通常地，busy忙的，start开始，when什么时候，why为什么．【解答】答案：本题考查单词翻译．usually通常地；busy忙的；start开始；when什么时候；why 为什么．【点评】本题主要是单词英汉互译方面的内容．学习中要注意加强记忆，包括单词的拼写以及单词的意思．38．（2.1分）起床get up．【考点】P4：短语翻译．【分析】get up．【解答】答案：get up．本题考查短语翻译．"起床"是一个固定短语，一般翻译成get up．故填get up．【点评】考查汉译英，要看词汇的使用是否得当，是否有语法错误，是否完整等．还要考虑一些固定搭配等．39．（2.1分）green rain glue glad grass train May grow paint say glove wait1．rain，train，May，paint，say，wait2．glue，glad，glove3．green，grass，grow．【考点】32：国际音标．【分析】1．rain下雨，train火车，May五月，paint画画，say说，wait等待．2．glue胶水，glad喜爱，glove手套．3．green绿色，grass草，grow生长．【解答】1．rain，train，May，paint，say，wait．考查字母发音，rain，train，May，paint，say，wait 画线部分都发/ei/音．2．glue，glad，glove．考查字母发音，glue，glad，glove画线部分都发/gl/音．3．green，grass，grow．考查字母发音，green，grass，grow画线部分都发/gr/音．【点评】语音题要求掌握学生掌握基础语音知识，如48个国际音标的读法，同时还要认读积累课本所学单词．40．（ 2.1分）1．﹣What do you do on the weekend？﹣I visit my grandparents．2．﹣When do you do morning exercises？﹣At 8：00 a．m．3．﹣What do you often do？﹣I often climb mountains on the weekend．【考点】J7：看图作答．【分析】1，你在周末干什么？我拜访我的祖父母．2，你什么时候晨练？在上午8点．3，你通常做什么？我通常在周末爬山．【解答】1．答案：visit my grandparents．图片显示我和父母一起去看望祖父母，visit sb探访某人．所以答案是visit my grandparents．2．答案：do morning exercises．图片显示一个女孩在晨练，所以答案是do morning exercises．3．答案：climb mountains．图片显示大家在爬山，所以答案是climb mountains．【点评】依据句型的正确表达结合图示作答．41．（2.1分）A．At 7：00 a．m．。

Vertragspartner erhalten die Norm nur über die zuständige Beschaffungsabteilung.Confidential. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of a Standards Department of the Volkswagen Group.Parties to a contract can only obtain this standard via the responsible procurement department.© VOLKSWAGEN AGN o r m v o r A n w e n d u n g a u f A k t u a l i t ät p r üf e n / C h e c k s t a n d a r d f o r c u r r e n t i s s u e p r i o r t o u s a g e .T h e E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n i s b e l i e v e d t o b e a c c u r a t e . I n c a s e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s t h e G e r m a n v e r s i o n s h a l l g o v e r n .Page 2TL 520 45: 1998-12D2.6Obligation for technical engineering approval The parts are subject to technical engineering approval.3 Material requirements 3.1MaterialPolyether-polyurethane foam: free of fully or partially halogenated propellants and aller-gens.Component A: formulated polyether polyol Component B: modified MDI3.2 AppearanceThe surface must be free of voids, inclusions,cracks or other flaws that impair usability.3.3 Color According to drawing and/or color chart 3.4 GrainAccording to drawing and/or grain chart 4 Characteristics requirements 4.1Shore hardness "L"acc. to PV 39314.1.1 As-received condition75 ± 8, unless otherwise stated in the drawing4.1.2After aging at elevated temperature 504 h/105° C4.1.3 After environmental cycle test 2)4.1.4After weathering testacc. to DIN 75 220–Z–IN1–T 15 cycles35+− compared to the mean value in as-received condition35+− compared to the mean value in as-received condition4.2Abrasion acc. to Veslic 3)acc. to DIN 53 339,but with black felt 0.44 g/cm³35+− compared to the mean value in as-received condition4.2.1 As-received condition4.2.1.1 After 5,000 dry strokesNo loss of grain or opening of the surfacePage 3TL 520 45: 1998-12D 4.2.1.2 After 3,000 strokes with acidic sweatsolution acc. to DIN 54 020No loss of grain or opening of the surface4.2.2 After aging at elevated temperature4.2.2.1 After 5,000 dry strokes No loss of grain or opening of the surface4.2.3 After environmental cycle test 2)4.2.3.1 After 5,000 dry strokes No loss of grain or opening of the surface4.2.4 After weathering testacc. to DIN 75 220–Z–IN1–T15 cycles4.2.4.1 After 500 dry strokes No loss of grain or opening of the surface4.3 Change in appearance4.3.1 After aging at elevated temperature504 h/105° C There must not be any changes on the moldedpart compared with as-received condition, e.g.deformation, blooming, pore formation or voidmarks.4.3.2 After environmental cycle test 2)Acc. to section 4.3.14.3.3 After weathering testacc. to DIN 75 220–Z–IN1–T15 cycles Acc. to section 4.3.1Fastness number Color change (dE*) 4) 4.4 Color change 4)Gray-scale levelacc. to EN 20 105–A024.4.1 After aging at elevated temperature≥ 4≤ 1.74.4.2 After environmental cycle test≥ 4≤ 1.74.4.3 After weathering test 2)acc. to DIN 75 220–Z–IN1–T15 cycles≥ 4≤ 1.7Slight changes in color or degree of glossinessare permissible, a color shift is not.Evaluation possible according to the releasedsample.Page 4TL 520 45: 1998-12D4.5 Dimensional change %4.5.1 After aging at elevatedtemperature≤ 1.04.6 Burning behavioracc. to TL 1010Burning rate mm/min≤ 1005 Requirements for the paint finish5.1 Paint coat thickness The paint finish must be opaque.5.2 Type All areas of the painted parts that are visible inthe assembly must have a uniform appear-ance. Flaws such as pores, bubbles, pimples,cracks, craters, runs or color streaks andsimilar are not permissible.5.3 Elasticity/elongation 5)5.3.1 Elasticity/elongation inas-received condition No cracking in the paint finish at 50% elongation.5.3.2 Elasticity/elongation aftermoisture condensate constant at-mosphereacc. to DIN 50 017–KKLoad period: 240 hoursEvaluation after 2 hours recovery timeNo cracking in the paint finish at 50% elongation.5.4 Paint abrasion 6)Behavior with respect tocleaning test fluids 7)5.4.1 As-received condition5.4.2 After aging at elevated temperature 5.4.3 After environmental cycle test5.4.4 A fter sunshine simulation No change in the paint color.Slight change in the degree of glossiness permissible.Staining of the felt corresponding to fastness grade ≥ 4 of the gray-scale level EN 20 105–A03.Page 5TL 520 45: 1998-12D6Notes on testing1) Deviating from VW 501 80, the odor test according to PV 3900/VDA 270 is not performed at80° C (B3). Furthermore, a fogging value (DIN 75 201 B/PV 3015) of 3 mg is acceptable.2) Sequence of environmental cycle testThe test is performed in a climate chamber with forced ventilation.Number of cycles:30Temperature tolerances 2.5° CThe curves apply to the climatein the cabinet, not on the object!Control specification 95% rel. humidityControl requirementControl specif icationT e m p e r a t u r e –––––> r e l. h u m i d i t y ––––>ON OFF 9590%40°C 10570201010tv = Temperature control time te = Response timeA Lead S 1 cycle D Time1 lead time = 80 min:tv1 = 50 minte1 = 30 minControl gradient1° C/minTemperature +20 to +70° C+70° C Rel. humidity:90 – 95%1 of 30 cycle times = 600 min tv2 =420 minte2 = 30 min tv3 = 47 minte3 = 50 min tv4 = 18 minte4 = 35 min–0,25° C/min 3° C/min –2° C/min+70 to –35° C –35° C –35 to +105° C +105° C +105 to+70° C +70° C90 – 95%Lead time = tv1 + te1 = 50min + 30min = 80minCycle time = tv2 + te2 + tv3 + te3 + tv4 + te4= 420min + 30min + 47min + 50min + 18min + 35min =600 minTotal test time =1 x lead time + 30 cycles = 1 x 80min + 30 x 600min =18,080 minTotal test time =12 days, 13 hours, 20 minutesPage 6TL 520 45: 1998-12D3) A (2 ± 1)-mm-thick specimen is peeled from the grip areas at the top of the steering wheel rim(1 to 3 o'clock and/or 9 to 11 o'clock position).The specimen is fastened to a supporting plate with double-sided adhesive tape and is wiped with a damp cloth prior to the test and before evaluation after the test. Black felt acc. to DIN 61 200–F4 must be used for the abrasion test; the felt is changed after 1,000 strokes.4) Color changes of the fastness numbers of gray-scale levels according to EN 20 105-A02.Fastness numbersColor change EN 20 105–A02 (color change)5 4 to 5 4 3 to 4 3 2 to 3 2 1 to 2 10.00.91.72.63.45.16.8 10.2 13.65) According to DIN 53 571 with S3A standard specimen according to DIN 53 504, with100 mm/min traverse speed.Specimen removal: see measuring points 1 and 2 of PV 3931 – Hardness test for PUR foam.6) Friction load: 10 Veslic strokes with white felt soaked in cleaning fluid.Felt hardness DIN 61 200–F4.7) The following cleaning fluids are used:-ammoniacal alcoholic cleaning liquid: e.g. Sidolin®, Windex® or Ajax® window cleaner -0.5 vol. % aqueous solution of surface-active agent: e.g. Pril®-commercial vinegar-based cleaner: e.g. Frosch® or comparable cleaners.Page 7TL 520 45: 1998-12D 7 Referenced standardsTL 1010Materials for Vehicle Interiors, Burning Behavior; Material Requirements PV 3015Non-Metallic Materials from Interior Trim and Components; Determinationof Condensable Constituents (G)PV 3900Passenger Co mpartment Components; Odor TestingPV 3931PUR Integral Foam Steering Wheel Rim; Hardness TestVW 011 55Vehicle Supply Parts - General, Approval of First Supply and Changes VW 501 80Vehicle Interior components, Emissions BehaviorVW 911 01Environmental Standard for Vehicles, Vehicle Parts, Materials, Fuels;Avoidance of Hazardous SubstancesDIN 50 017Climates and their Technical Application; Condensed Water ContainingClimatesDIN 53 339Testing of Leather; Determination of Color and Finishing Fastness toRubbingDIN 53 504Testing of Rubber; Determination of Tensile Strength at Break, TensileStress at Yield, Elongation of Break and Stress Values in a Tensile Test DIN 53 571Testing of Flexible Foamed Plastics; Tensile Test, Determining TensileStrength and Elongation at BreakDIN 61 200Felt; HardnessDIN 75 201Determination of the Fogging Behavior of Materials for Vehicle Interiors DIN 75 220Ageing of Automotive Components in Solar Simulation UnitsDIN EN 20 105–A02Textiles; Tests for Color Fastness, Part A02: Gray Scale for AssessingChange in ColorDIN EN 20 105–A03Textiles; Tests for Color Fastness, Part A03: Gray Scale for AssessingStainingDIN EN ISO 105–E04Textiles; Tests for Color Fastness, Part E04: Color Fastness to Perspira-tionPage 8TL 520 45: 1998-12DD a i l y c o u r s e = 2 c y c l e s o f 12 h o u r s e a chA S t a r t o f 2n d c y c l e S C o l d r a n g e –10° C D A c c e s s t i m e 1h w i t h s t a n d a r d c l i m a t e 23° C / 55% r . h .F H u m i d c l i m a t e r a n g e 45° C / 95% r . h .G H o t r a n g e w /o I R i r r a d i a t i o n。