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定语从句和同位语从句的区别含义定语从句和同位语从句都是从句，它们在句子中都充当特定的语法角色，但它们的作用和位置略有不同。
定语从句：定语从句用来对一个名词或代词进行限定或修饰，通常在主句中，与被修饰的名词或代词关联紧密，用来进一步说明或限定其含义。
定语从句通常由关系词（如who, whom, whose, which, that等）引导，并且这个从句可以被省略。
例子：The book that is on the table is mine.（在桌子上的那本书是我的。
）同位语从句：同位语从句是一种从句，用来对另一个名词、代词或名词性词组所表达的概念进行解释、说明或补充。
同位语从句与前面的名词或词组同位，并且通常用来说明或解释这个名词或词组的含义。
同位语从句通常用连接词（如that, whether, if等）引导。
例子：The fact that she passed the exam made her parents proud.（她通过考试这个事实让她的父母感到骄傲。
）在结构上，定语从句和同位语从句的主要区别在于其与名词或代词的关系和所起的作用。
定语从句用来对名词进行修饰或限定，而同位语从句则用来对名词所表示的概念进行解释或补充。
练习:1.The idea _______ we discussed last week was quite innovative.2.The girl _______ won the first prize is my best friend.3.The fact _______ he failed the exam surprised everyone.4.The book _______ I borrowed from the library is quite interesting.5.The belief _______ you mentioned is widely held in many cultures.6.The woman _______ you met yesterday is my sister.7.The car _______ was parked outside the house belongs to my neighbor.8.The movie _______ we watched last night was really boring.9.The house _______ is next to the park is for sale.10.The man _______ is wearing a blue jacket is my brother.11.The book _______ you remended is excellent.12.The teacher _______ is standing at the front of the classroom is Mrs. Smith.13.The puter _______ he bought last week is already outdated.14.The girl _______ won the singing petition is my friend.15.The house _______ we visited last week has a beautiful garden.16.The dog _______ barks loudly belongs to my neighbor.17.The movie _______ we watched last night was quite entertaining.18.The man _______ lives next door is a doctor.19.The car _______ was parked in front of the building was stolen.20.The restaurant _______ serves Italian food is very popular.21.The project _______ we worked on together was a success.22.The painting _______ is hanging on the wall is by Picasso.23.The cat _______ is sitting on the windowsill is mine.24.The university _______ she attended is known for its research programs.25.The bike _______ he rides to work needs repairs.26.The pany _______ he works for is based in New York.27.The song _______ you sang at the party was beautiful.28.The team _______ won the championship celebrated all night.29.The building _______ we live in is undergoing renovations.30.The restaurant _______ we ate at last night had delicious food.31.The boy _______ won the math petition is very intelligent.32.The city _______ I grew up in is quite small.33.The cake _______ my mom baked for my birthday was delicious.34.The project _______ we have been working on for months is finally finished.35.The website _______ you remended has useful information.36.The doctor _______ examined me was very kind.37.The movie _______ we saw last weekend was really scary.38.The book _______ she lent me is on the table.39.The pany _______ offered me a job has a great reputation.40.The tree _______ shades our backyard is starting to lose its leaves.41.The hope _______ the situation would improve kept them going.42.The discovery _______ there might be life on Mars generated excitement.43.The assumption _______ they were responsible for the mess angered them.44.The issue is _______ we can afford to buy a new car.45.We need to determine _______ the event will be held indoors or outdoors.46.The debate centers on _______ we should invest in renewable energy.47.The concern is _______ the event will be canceled due to the weather.48.The book _______ I borrowed from the library is on the table.49.The news _______ she passed the exam brought joy to her family.50.The movie _______ we watched last night was really interesting.51.The fact _______ she was promoted surprised everyone.52.The car _______ he drives is very old.53.The woman _______ won the award is a famous actress.54.The idea _______ he suggested was brilliant.55.The hope _______ the situation would improve kept them going.56.The belief _______ he could achieve his goals inspired others.57.The question _______ we need to address is how to reduce costs.58.I'm not sure _______ we will be able to finish the project on time.59.We are considering _______ to take legal action.60.The bag _____ is on the table is Amy’s.答案：1.that2.who3.that4.that5.that6.whom/that8.that9.that/which10.who/that11.that/which12.who/that13.that14.who/that15.that/which16.that/which17.that/which18.who/that19.that/which20.that/which21.that/which22.that/which23.that/which24.that/which25.that/which26.that/which27.that/which28.that/which29.that/which30.that/which31.who/that32.that/which33.that/which34.that/which35.that/which36.who/that37.that/which38.that/which39.that/which40.that/which41.that42.that43.that44.whether45.whether46.if47.If48.that/which49.that50.that/which52.that/which53.who/that54.that55.that56.that57.that58.if59.whether60.that。
主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语从句怎样区分？高校英语专业课教师，告诉你，其实英语从句可没有你想象的那么难。
主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，定语从句，还有状语从句，很明显都有一个共同特点，那就是，他们都是从句。
那么为什么他们的名字不同呢？只是因为它们在句子中所充当的语法功能不同。
主语从句当然是在句子当中作主语，而宾语从句则是作宾语的，表语从句就是做表语，定语从句当然是做定语。
首先我来分析一下他们的共同特点，就是什么是从句？从句，当然，首先它是一个分句。
而句子就要有主语和谓语，那就是说出去其实就是一个主谓结构。
这是从从句的本质而言。
那么，从地位上来说，为什么他叫从句，因为，他处于从属地位。
“从”是相对于“主”而言的，也就是说我们还有主句，所以在一个句子当中有两个分句，一个是从句，一个是主句，他俩合起来，我们家主从复合句，也就是复杂句。
从句不能独立成句，但是咱前面也说了，他有基本的主语和谓语，做主句的某一个附属成分，所以我们叫他从句，从句往往由一个关联词引导。
根据从句的语法功能不同，我们就把从句分成以上各种从句。
其中，由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在句子当中充当的语法功能和名词是相同的，和名词一样，可以做主语、表语、宾语、同位语，所以我们把这类从句称之为名词性从句。
而定语从句相当于形容词的语法功能，所以称之为形容词性从句。
状语从句的功能当然也就相当于副词了，在句子当中充当状语，所以也叫副词性从句。
状语从句根据其，所表达的含义，分为条件状语从句，原因状语从句，地点，状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句，方式状语从句，结果状语从句，时间状语从句。
所以区分它到底是什么从句，那你就要看他在句子当中做的究竟是什么成分。
那么下面我就来分析一下这几种句子成分。
主语就是动作的主体或者是这个动作的执行者。
表语则是用来说明主语的身份，性质，品质，特征及状态的，它常常位于系动词如be, It's become, appear, seeing, look, sound, feel 等之后构成系表结构。
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
主语从句用作主语，如：That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如：Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如：The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
（that从句用于解释说明the fact）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。
如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词，如：When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。
（时间状语）If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。
（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。
如：I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。
英语语法名词性从句知识：同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：1. 被修饰的词不同：同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
2. 从句的作用不同：同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容，而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
3. 引导词不同：what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句，但可用于引导同位从句。
4. 引导词的作用不同：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法：由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的，所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。
如：I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句子成分) The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，两者之间可以划等号;而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。
如：He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句，其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句，其中the factory≠ we visited last month.)同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词，这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。
实用标准文案从句名词性从句：就是这个些从句的作用，相当于一个名词，按作用分类分成：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
一、主语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1、that：万能词2、whether：是否，能否（表示怀疑）3、what：什么，……的东西4、whatever：无论……5、who：谁，（指人）6、whoever：无论谁，任何人7、which：那一个，指代前提提到的东西8、wichever：无论哪一个9、whose：谁的（所有格）10、whom：谁（who的宾格）11、whomever：无论谁，任何人（whoever的宾格）12、how：怎样，用什么方式13、why：为什么14、when：当……时候（表示时间）15、where：在……地点（表示地点）学习心得：从句在复合句中做主语，翻译的时候把一句话，就当一个名词来翻译文档大全．实用标准文案二、宾语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1、that：万能词（无意思，只是符号，有的时候会省略）2、who：谁，（指人）3、why：为什么4、when：当……时候（表示时间）5、which：那一个，指代前提提到的东西6、what：什么，……的东西7、how：怎样，用什么方式8、whether：是否，能否（表示怀疑）9、if：如果（表示假设）注：放在非谓语动词（动名词）后面的句子也叫做宾语从句。
如：knowing that………………………………三、表语从句（名词性从句）：引导词：1、that：万能词2、whether：是否，能否（表示怀疑）3、what：什么，……的东西4、whatever：无论……5、who：谁，（指人）6、whoever：无论谁，任何人7、which：那一个，指代前提提到的东西8、wichever：无论哪一个文档大全．实用标准文案9、whose：谁的（所有格）10、whom：谁（who的宾格）11、whomever：无论谁，任何人（whoever的宾格）12、how：怎样，（表示方式）13、why：为什么（表示原因）14、when：当……时候（表示时间）15、where：在……地点（表示地点）16、as if：好像，似乎（表示可能）17、as though：好像，仿佛（表示可能）学习心得：用句子表示名词，在句中做表语，引导词跟主语从句一样。
1 主语从句专练 I. 用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。 1. ______ he didn‟t attend the meeting yesterday wasn‟t quite clear. 2. ______ team will win the match is still unknown. 3. ______ comes to the party will receive a present. 4. ______ Mary has left is still a question. 5. It‟s reported ______ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 6. ______ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us. 7. We usually think ______ we can‟t get seems better than what we have. 8. It is a fact ______ English is being accepted as an international language. 9. ______ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn‟t been decided. II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。 1. That the old man‟s son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. 2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship into space. 3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing excited the whole nation. 5. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 6. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided. 7. When will win the English competition is still a problem. 8. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet. 9. It‟s strange when he should have gone away without telling us. III. 选择题 1.________ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known 2
4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________. A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expected C. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good. A. If...do B. That...do C. If...does D. That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly. A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. A. That B. What C. How D. Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have. A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 12.____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. A. That B. Why C. How D. Who 14._____ we'll finish translating the book depends on the time we spend on work everyday. A. When B. Why C. What D. That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us. A. How B. What C. Why D. This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. A. If B. Where C. That D. What 17. _______you come or not is up to you. A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether 3
18._______wins the gold medal is worth respects from poeople. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody 19._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern. A. Which B. That C. If D. How 20.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
同位语从句专练 I. 用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。 1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon. 2. The fact _______ he didn‟t see Tom this morning is true. 3. Word has come ____some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week. 4. He can‟t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday. 5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom? 6. The problem ____we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once. II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。 1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy. 2. I‟ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won‟t be able to see you this afternoon. 3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not. 4. I‟ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday. 5. One of the men held the opinion when what the book said was right. III、选择题 1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
