十字花科蔬菜病害防治
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- 58 -十字花科蔬菜害虫种类及综合治理技术黄健超,邝美玲,梁伟光,冯锦乾,冯瑞安(江门市农业科学研究所,广东 江门 529060)收稿日期:2021-05-27基金项目:2020年度江门市基础与理论科学研究类科技计划项目(2020030102520004967)。
摘要:针对近年来江门市蔬菜种植过程中害虫种类繁多、化学农药使用量增加,且抗药性不断增强,防治工作困难的现状,进行了多年实践,在分析江门市十字花科蔬菜害虫发生种类及发生特点的基础上,提出通过采用清除残株落叶、合理轮作等农业防治措施,设置杀虫灯、黄板、性诱剂等物理防治措施,释放寄生蜂、捕食性天敌等生物防治措施,辅之以合理使用高效、低毒、低残留化学农药的综合治理技术,实现了害虫防控总体防效达到90%、化学农药使用量减少30%以上、产量增加5%以上的良好效果,值得大面积推广。
关键词:十字花科;蔬菜;害虫;综合治理Species of Pests and Its Integrated Control Technologies inBrassicaceae VegetableHUANG Jianchao, KUANG Meiling, LIANG Weiguang, FENG Jinqian, FENG Ruian(Jiangmen Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangmen 529060, China)Abstract: In view of the current situation that there were many kinds of vegetable planting pests, the useof chemical pesticides was increasing, the drug resistance was increasing and the control work was difficult inJiangmen city in recent years, many years of practice had been carried out. Based on the analysis of the occurrencetypes and characteristics of Brassicaceae vegetable pests in Jiangmen city, the agricultural control measures of removing residual trees and leaves and reasonable rotation, physical control measures of setting insecticidal lamps yellow board and sexual attractants, biological control measures of eleasing parasitic wasps and predatory natural enemies, supplemented by the rational use of comprehensive management technology with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue chemical pesticides were put forward, which had achieved a good effect of 90% overall control effect of pest control, more than 30% reduction in the use of chemical pesticides and more than 5%increase in output, which was worthy of large-scale promotion.Keywords: Brassicaceae; vegetable; pest; integrated control 江门市一直是广东省内的蔬菜生产大市之一,拥有丰富的农业气候资源,2020年蔬菜种植面积约为7.55万h m 2,总产量达到170万t ,以瓜类、十字花科、茄果类和豆荚类蔬菜为主。
十字花科蔬菜病虫综合防治措施作者:陈玉利来源:《吉林蔬菜》 2012年第8期陈玉利(梅河口市双兴农业技术推广站135009)十字花蔬菜以莲白、花菜、大白菜等为主,病虫害种类较多,为了搞好十字花科蔬菜病虫害防治工作,特提出以下综合防治意见:1 霜霉病主要危害白菜、大白菜、甘蓝、莴笋等蔬菜的叶片,平均温度16℃左右,相对湿度高于70%,连阴雨天气该病易流行。
该病发生周而复始,终年不断。
防治方法:①用种子重量0.3%的25%甲霜灵可湿性粉剂拌种;②加强田间管理,深沟高垄,合理施肥;③药剂选用:60%灭克可湿性粉剂500~1 000倍液;66.8%霉多克可湿性粉剂500~700倍液;霜霉净可湿性粉剂1 000倍液;50%农歌可湿性粉剂500~1 000倍液。
上述药剂每隔5~7天施一次,施2~3次。
2 黑腐病、软腐病主要危害大白菜、白菜、甘蓝等十字花科蔬菜。
高温、阴雨天气适宜病害发生,害虫猖獗时黑腐病发病重。
2.1 种子处理温水浸种或用农用链霉素1 000倍液浸种2小时或45%代森铵水剂300倍液浸种15~20分钟。
2.2 加强田间管理合理灌溉,防止伤根伤苗,及时防治虫害;发现软腐病病株,及时拔除,并用生石灰消毒。
2.3 药剂选用农用链霉素200毫克/千克;50%灭菌威水溶性粉剂1 000倍液;53.8%可杀得2 000干悬浮剂1 000倍液;86.2%铜大师可湿性粉剂600~1 200倍液。
上述药剂最多使用3~4次,安全间隔期5~7天。
3 病毒病主要通过蚜虫传播,高温干旱天气利于该病发生。
防治意见:首先做好蚜虫的防治工作,发现病株后及时施药控制。
药剂选用:3.95%病毒必克可湿性粉剂600~700倍液;20%病毒A可湿性粉剂400~600倍液;24%毒消水剂1 000~1 500倍液;2%菌克毒克水剂500~1 000倍液。
4 十字花科蔬菜害虫主要以小菜蛾、菜青虫、夜蛾科害虫、蚜虫为主,是危害十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫,温暖少雨适宜虫害发生。