2010 - Neoplasia [1] Basic Concepts(Chinese)
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Neoplastic Disease –
A Case 病例
A 37 year old man found a dark brown spot 斑点 on the skin of his face, just in front of the ear. It became larger and started to bleed 出血.
Tumor Differentiation Tumor Antigens 肿瘤抗原
Viral antigens 病毒性抗原 Embryonic antigens 胚胎性抗原 Increased amounts of normal antigens or proteins
Appearances of Tumor Cells [Cytologic Atypia] 细胞的间变
What do tumors look like? Papillary 乳头状 Polypoid 水螅似的
Colon 结肠
Eyelid 眼睑
What do tumors look like?
Hemorrhagic 出血的 Cystic 囊状的 Invasive 浸润的
Summary: Words that doctors use to describe the appearance of tumors
Explanation The tumor forms a mass that can be seen or felt. The tumor can be felt but may not be seen. The tumor projects outward (sticks out) from a body surface. The tumor destroys a surface, leaving a defect on the surface. The tumor is firmly attached to adjacent tissue structures. The tumor is not fixed. There is bleeding into the tumor tissue.
Tumor Progression [1] In situ growth [Example: Malignant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤]
Normal Skin Melanocytes 黑素细胞
Malignant melanoman [2] tumor invasion 侵袭(浸润) [Example: Malignant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤]
Neoplastic DiseaseBasic Concepts
Neoplastic diseases are often called tumors 肿瘤 or cancer 癌 These are diseases in which there is uncontrolled growth of a group of cells in the body. These new cells form tumors 肿瘤 The tumors press 压迫 normal tissue The tumor cells invade 侵袭; 浸润 normal tissues and organs. Tumors injure human health and can cause death.
Tumor Progression [3] Metastasis 转移 [Example: Malignant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤]
Tumor Progression [3] Metastasis 转移
Many tumors spread by lymphatic vessels to involve regional lymph nodes [局部淋巴结 This is especially common in tumors derived from epithelial cells上皮细胞 for example
Stroma [Supporting connective tissue] 间质
Fibrous tissue Blood vessels Immune cells
Colon Cancer [大肠癌]
Tumor Differentiation 分化
Do the tumor cells resemble normal cells?
How important are neoplastic diseases?
Neoplastic diseases are very common. They kill about 7,000,000 people in the world each year. In China
~1,000,000 people die each year from neoplasms.
Structural differentiation 结构的分化 Functional differentiation 功能的分化
Tumor Differentiation
Do the tumor cells resemble normal cells? Structural differentiation
Neoplasia = The disease process Oncology 肿瘤学 = The clinical specialty that treats patients with neoplastic diseases. Oncologist 肿瘤学家= A physician in this specialty.
By the microscope显微镜 All tumors have two main components:
Parenchymal cells 肿瘤实质
(细胞)
Identify the tumor Resemble the normal cells from which the tumor has been formed Stroma [Supporting connective tissue] 间质 Fibrous tissue Blood vessels Immune cells
Normal
Abnormal 异常的
Tumor Progression [1] In situ growth The tumor grows in the place where it began
Genetic Factors
STEM CELL
Environmental Factors
Uncontrolled Growth
Neoplasia
肿瘤形成
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What words describe these images?
What do tumors look like?
Nodule 肿块 Flat 扁平的 Ulcer 溃疡
What do tumors look like?
Single 单个的 Multiple 多个的
Tumor Differentiation
Do the tumor cells resemble normal cells? Examples of Functional differentiation
Production of normal substances such as mucus粘液 Expression of antigens 抗原 such as the protein keratin 角蛋白
Differences in size and shapes of the cells and nuclei 多形性 Increased mitosis有丝
分裂
Increased size of nuclei 细胞核 Dark staining nuclei
Tumor Differentiation Abnormal Mitotic division in tumors
Terminology Nodular Palpable Papillary Ulcerative Fixed Mobile Hemorrhagic
Chinese，Pinyin 结节状, jié jié zhuàng 可触及的, kě chù jí de 乳头状, rǔ tóu zhuàng 溃疡的, kuì yáng de 固定, gù dìng 可移动的, kě yí dòng de 出血的, chū xuè de
Lung Cancer 肺癌
By the microscope显微镜 All tumors have two main components:
Parenchyma 肿瘤实质
Identify the tumor Resemble the normal cells from which the tumor has been formed
Neoplastic DiseasesTerminology and Definitions
Neoplasm = New (neo) + growth (plasm) 新生物.
A neoplasm is an abnormal group of proliferating 增殖的 (dividing) cells. Their growth is not controlled.
His Liver
Autopsy (2)
One of His Ribs 肋骨
His Heart 心脏
Neoplastic Disease – A Case
