高一牛津版下册·学科辅导讲义学员编号：年级：高一上课日期：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课主题U5模式 1 V ——类型□同步□测试得分家长签字问题统计：知识梳理As Americans, we are a bold, generous, big-hearted people. When our brothers and sisters are in need, we roll up our sleeves and get to work – not for the recognition or thereward, but because it’s the right thing to do. Because there but for the grace of God go I. Andbecause here in America, we rise or fall together, as one nation and one people.That’s something to be grateful for – today and every day.So to all the Americans doing your part to make our world a better place – it is my privilege to serve as your President. To all our servicemembers – it is my honor to be yourCommander in Chief. And from our family to yours, happy Thanksgiving.批注：此篇短文是美国总统奥巴马在感恩节的讲话节选，此环节使得学员赏析总统语言并仿读打开学员的英文口腔振奋精神一、Language Points1.accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地e.g. As I turned around, I hit him in the face accidentally.【知识拓展】accidental adj.偶然的，意外的e.g. We were shocked at his accidental death.【知识拓展】accident n. 事故，意外的事e.g. The train had an accident and many passengers were injured.批注：by accident 偶然地= accidentally老师可以让学员在练习口头造句时互换练习增强学员的词汇互换的能力为以后的高考作文写作打好基础e.g. Columbus discovered America by accident.2.smash v. 打破，打碎e.g. Several windows have been smashed.3.miss v. 未击中、错过;想念e.g. The bullet missed her by six inches.I arrived at the station too late and missed the train.Her children have gone to Australia and she misses them very much.【知识拓展】missing adj. 丢失的，找不到的e.g. My gloves were missing.4.guilty adj. 有内疚感的，有负罪感的e.g. She had a guilty look on her face.Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Poor Marlin was out of work and was trying to find a job. One day he read the newspaper that a man was 1to work in a zoo. He was very glad and went to the manager of the zoo to ask for the job. The manager told him that their monkey had 2 died and it would be two months before they could get 3 one, so they wanted him to take the monkey's 4 .5 hearing this, Marlin got angry and shouted, 'You want me to take the place ofa monkey! Take his place 6 ! You look more like a monkey than I do.' 'Don't 7 it like that,' said the manager, 'I know you don't look like a monkey, but we'll dress you 8 ,' Marlin thought about it for a while. Though he didn't like the idea, he had to make a 9 after all. So he took the job in the end.The next day Marlin started work. It wasn't so bad. The only thing he didn't like was the lion in the cage next to his. But, as there were strong bars 10 them, he soon got used to his neighbor.One afternoon he climbed up to the top of the bars. 11 he lost his footing and fell not on his own side of the bars, but into the lion's cage. That great beast was asleep at the time, but the noise of Marlin's fall woke him up. Marlin had to climb the bars again quickly to get back into his own cage. He 12 to get up, but he had 13 his feet so badly that he couldn't move. He hid his face in his hands so as not to see the lion coming. The next few seconds seemed like hours. Then he 14 the lion whisper in his ear, 'Don't be afraid, old man, I'm in the same boat 15 you.'1. A. told B. paid C. wanted D. chosen2. A. just B. even C. also D. once3. A. other B. another C. a different D. a third4. A. position B. idea C. place D. post5. A. While B. On C. Before D. With6. A. itself B. himself C. herself D. yourself7. A. judge B. expect C. believe D. take8. A. on B. in C. with D. up9. A. living B. job C. decision D. life10. A. behind B. among C. within D. between11. A. Nearly B. Suddenly C. Obviously D. Silently12. A. promised B. stopped C. managed D. tried13. A. wound B. hurt C. ached D. harmed14. A. saw B. made C. heard D. thought15. A. as B. like C. for D. ofSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A special day for the celebration of mothers can be traced to the times of ancient Greece when tribute(贡品) was paid to Rhea, the mother of many of the Greek gods. Early Christians also paid tribute to Mary, the mother of God, during Lent (四月斋). This tribute evolved into 'Mothering Sunday' in England. 'Mothering Sunday' is a celebration of all mothers, and is observed on the fourth Sunday of Lent.In 1872, in America, Julia Ward Howe, the author of 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic', suggested the idea ofMother's Day. However, Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia is credited with creating Mother's Day in 1905. Anna Jarvis campaigned for Mother's Day as a tribute to her mother, who had tried to establish Mother's Friendship Day to help heal the (创伤) of the Civil War in America.In 1910, West Virginia became the first state to adopt a formal holiday to recognize mothers. A year later, nearly every state officially marked the day of celebration. In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed Mother's Day as a national holiday, to be held on the second Sunday of May.Today, Mother's Day is celebrated in many countries throughout the world, although the celebrations do not fall on the same day in every country. Mother's Day is celebrated in various ways, depending on the country, the family, and the mother. Many families honour mothers by dining out, giving flowers, sending cards, giving gifts, and visits. Additionally, Mother's Day is reported to be one of the busiest days of the year for telephone calls.Mother's Day should be every day. Mothers nurture us, teach us, protect us, and make us feel special. Mothers are the people in our lives who are most responsible for the way we grow and mature.1. Who was the mother of many of the gods in ancient Greece?A. AnnaB. Julia Ward HoweC. VirginiaD. Rhea2. When is Mother's Day celebrated in the United States?A. On 5th Sunday in March.B. On the third Sunday in June.C. On 1st July.D. On the second Sunday in May.3. Who is responsible for making Mother's Day a national U.S. holiday?A. President LincolnB. Anna JarvisC. Julia Ward HoweD. President Wilson4. What is the purpose of this writing?A. To entertain.B. To persuade.C. To inform.D. None of the above.(B)By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder (蝰蛇). In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.Most people regard snake bites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison.Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illnesses.5. Adders are most likely to be found_______.A. in wilder parts of Britain and IrelandB. in Scotland and nowhere elseC. on uncultivated land throughout-BritainD. in shady fields in England6. If you are with someone who is bitten by an adder you should_______.A. try to catch the adderB. make no attempt to treat the personC. not worry about the victimD. operate as soon as possible7. We are told that adders are_______.A. normally friendly towards peopleB. unlikely to bite except in self-defenceC. aggressive towards anyone in their territoryD. not afraid of human beings8. If an adder hears you approaching, it usually will_______.A. move out of your pathB. take no notice of you at allC. disappear very quicklyD. wait until you are close then attack(C)A few minutes ago, walking back from lunch, I started to cross the street when I heard the sound of a coin dropping. It wasn't much but, as I turned, my eyes caught the heads of several other people turning too. A woman had dropped what appeared to be a dime(一角硬币).The tinkling sound of a coin dropping on pavement is an attention-getter. It can be nothing more than a penny. Whatever the coin is, no one ignores the sound of it. It got me thinking about sounds again. We are besieged(包围) by so many sounds that attract the most attention. People in New York City seldom turn to look when a fire engine, a police car or an ambulance comes screaming along the street. When I'm in New York, I'm a New Yorker. I don't turn either. Like the natives, I hardly hear a siren there.At home in my little town in Connecticut, it's different. The distant wail(警报声) of a police car, an emergency vehicle or a fire siren brings me to my feet if I'm seated and brings me to the window if I'm in bed. It's the quietest sounds that have most effect on us, not the loudest. In the middle of the night, I can hear a dripping tap a hundred yards away through three closed doors.I've been hearing little creaking noises and sounds which my imagination turns into footsteps in the middle of the night for twenty-five years in our house. How come I never hear those sounds in the daytime? I'm quite clear in my mind what the good sounds are and what the bad sounds are. I've turned against whistling, for instance. I used to think of it as the mark of a happy worker but lately I've been associating the whistler with a nervous person making compulsive(由强迫产生的) noises. The tapping, tapping, tapping of my typewriter as the keys hit the paper is a lovely sound to me. I often like the sound of what I write better than the looks of it.9. People in New York____________.A. don't care about emergenciesB. are used to sirensC. are attracted by soundsD. don't hear loud noises10. How does the author relate to sounds at night?A. He imagines sounds that do not exist.B. He exaggerates quiet sounds.C. He thinks taps should be turned off.D. He believes it's rather quiet at night.11. What kind of sound does he find pleasant?A. The tinkling sound of a coin dropping.B. The clinking sound of the keys.C. The tapping of his typewriter.D. Creaking sounds.12. How does the writer feel about sounds in general?A. They make him feel at home.B. He thinks they should be ignored.C. He believes they are part of our lives.D. He prefers silence to loud noises.(D)Although it is estimated that 345 million people in developing countries have been provided with safe drinking water, progress in Asia is illusory(不现实的). 'During this decade, fewer people in South Asia have access to cleanand adequate water than in the 1970s,' says Nalini Jayal, senior advisor to India's Planning commission. 'The problem cannot be solved by drilling wells,' he argues, 'because ground water itself is becoming increasingly scarce.' According to Jayal, there has been accelerating destruction recently of the trees and vegetation which earlier ensured ground water recharge. Denuded(剥下) of this cover, soils lose their absorbency, failing to soak up rainwater which then runs over the surface to be carried by rivers to the sea. Ground water recharge rates are critically controlled by top-soil. Also, heavy deforestation disrupts the hydrological cycle(水文循环) in which watere-vaporates and is returned to the earth's surface via rainfall. Each year the area prone to flooding increases. India's flood-prone areas have increased from 20 million hectares to 40 million hectares since 1971.As a result of disruption of the groundwater recharge process, countries with monsoon (季风) climates experience an 'abnormal' cycle. This means there is too much water available during the rainy season and too little during the rest of the year. There is a tendency toward alternating floods and droughts, the former washing away the topsoil and the latter baking the bare land into an impermeable(无法渗透的) shield. India's expanding drought-prone area now exceeds 59 million hectares. Along with deforestation in the catchment (集水盆地) areas of perennial(永久性)rivers in South Asia, Jayal has identified the large-scale introduction of cash crops on agricultural land as an equally important factor in this ecological crisis.Seventy percent of Indian croplands are not irrigated. Traditionally, farming practices had been evolved to cope with the threat of drought and to maximize the benefits of rain, says Jayal. On the rain-fed soils of the Deccan Plateau, for example, drought-resistant food crops used to be planted in mixed stands to spread risks. However, now cash crops, such as wheat and rice, replace these. Wheat, moreover, requires large amounts of both water and nutrients, neither of which are abundant in the semi-arid(半干旱的) environment in much of Asia. Traditional crops like chickpeas, on the other hand, withstand poor soil and moisture conditions, and thus do not overdraw(透支) the environmental bank account.The present world industrial recession(不景气) is pushing both environmental and trade accounts into the red in the developing countries. Falling commodity prices mean that cash crops bring in less and less cash, leading to serious balance of payments and debt service problems. Desperate for foreign exchange, governments expand the area under cash crops, only to find they have increased long-term environmental damage. Thus every unit of foreign exchange is bought with a unit of forest or soil or water.13. Which of the following is the main topic of this passage?A. More flooding but less water.B. Water pollution.C. Environmental bank account.D. Environment and trade.14. What does the underlined phrase 'overdraw the environmental bank account' in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. Using too much water and soil.B. Problems with balance of payments.C. A shortage of foreign exchange.D. Borrowing for agricultural development.15. Falling commodity prices bring pressure for___________.A. better financial managementB. increased cash crops productionC. subsidies for non-cash cropsD. more equitable trade practices16. What does the author mean by the underlined sentence 'every unit of foreign exchange is bought with a unit offorest or soil or water' in the last paragraph?A. The balance of payments is being restructured.B. Agricultural development must be increased.C. Lack of foreign exchange has made prices fall.D. Cash crops are using up natural resources.6. 他接受教育的时间加起来总共才三年，所以他很难理解这个句子的真正含义。
