外刊精读(四)：Birds vs. Energy

小猫钓鱼第4篇素材源：CNN（原文有删改）VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Africa's 'first fully solar-powered village' wants to be a model for a renewable futureNear Morocco's sunny Atlantic coast, the tiny community of Id Mjahdi is being touted as Africa's first completely solar-powered village.Solar power has the ___1___ to become one of Africa's top energy sources, according to the International Energy Agency, but more infrastructure needs to be_____2____-- of all solar power in use globally, less than 1% currently comes from the continent.Morocco is leading ____3____ to fulfill that potential. It already meets 35 percent of its electricity needs from renewables and aims to increase its use of renewable energy to 52 percent by 2030, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)."Morocco is ____4____ a leader in sustainable energy," says Francesco La Camera, director-general of IRENA.The country already has the world's largest solar farm, the Noor-Ouarzazate complex. Now, Id Mjahdi, on the outskirts of the city of Essaouira, is being _____5____as a blueprint for how to power remote villages that would be expensive to connect to the national electricity grid.While many other African villages use solar power to some____6____, Id Mjahdi uses it for all its energy needs.When Moroccan solar power company Cleanergy came up with the idea of testing a sustainable model for electrifying remote communities, it looked for a village "where they need everything," according to the company's founder, Mohamed Lasry.Before the___7____ began, villagers relied on candles for light, and they ______8___could afford only around an hour of candlelight for working or studying in the evenings. They would burn tree bark for heating and cooking, which was bad for their health, says Lasry.Id Mjahdi did not even have a nearby source of water, and girls in particular often missed school days to walk several miles to a well, says Lasry.The first step in the $188,000 project was to build a water tower for the community. The next stage was to install a power station with 32 solar photovoltaic panels, which____9____ 8.32 kilowatts of electricity for distribution via a mini-grid.The power station is connected to around 20 homes in the village,____10___ more than 50 people. Each house was provided with a fridge, water heater, television, oven and an outlet to charge devices. The solar network has a battery that can supply up to five hours of electricity outside daylight hours.【词汇讲解】1.renewableadj.Renewable forms of energy can be produced as quickly as they are used.（能源）可再生的例：renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power诸如风能和波浪能之类的可再生能源n（s）可再生能源2.sustainableadj.able to continue over a period of time可持续的，能长期保持的例：That sort of extreme diet is not sustainable over a long period.那种极端的饮食方式无法长期坚持。

Unit Two:Deer and the Energy CycleIs there anything we can learn from deer? During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about he way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life. DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLESome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less roma ntic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currenc y of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is conve rted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reprodu ce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends.It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating a s much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the e xcess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to surv ive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably les s well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy t o live in winter than in summer.A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reprod uce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutri tious food available. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not o nly to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The bes t milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the region has am ple food resources.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sourc es. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to de posit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of e nergy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accu mulated as quickly as it is in full grown males. Fat reserves are like bank acco unts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and someti mes difficult to reach because of deep snow.As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted c oat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair c oats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold.But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive th e winter—an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism,or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of en ergy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Ani mals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme th an deer do. Although deer don't hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in th e summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use st ored fat in the winter when food is less available.When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Mi nnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in s ummer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to list en to the advice given on the radio:" Drive only when necessary," we were told."Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down." Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter c oat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, s urvival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come a nd the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend mo re energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then dep end more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to sur vive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.Yes, life—and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round, and when an imals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting th em into energy.And the cycle continues.New WordsDeern. (sing. or pl.)鹿romantica. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的turnn. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向currencyn. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币ecologicala. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment生态的ecologyn. 生态学convertvt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to chang e his beliefs, etc. 使转变；使改变信仰（等）excessn. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过量；过度reserven. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）scarce a. not available in sufficient quantity缺乏的wildlifen. animals and plants which live and grow wildnutritiousa. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的femalea. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的n. a female person, animal or plantconceivevt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思fawnn. a young deer less than a year oldtimingn. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doin g sth. 时机的选择consumevt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费regionn. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位amplea. plentiful充裕的resourcen.(pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that he lp one to do what one wants 资源dependenta. relying (on another) for supportmalea. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的n. a male person, animal or plantantlern. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角depositvt. put or store for safe keeping;(esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放；使沉积doen. a fully-grown female deerexpendvt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽accumulatev. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather积累；积聚accountn. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款spotteda. marked with spotsdepthn. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度safeguardn. a means of protection against sth. unwanted预防措施internala. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的physiologicala. 生理的；生理学的metabolismn. 新陈代谢hencead. therefore 因此，所以expendituren. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费；用光；支出额，费用somewhatad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微drowsya. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的hibernatevi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠extremen. either end of anything; highest degree 极端seasonala. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的rhythmn. 节奏abundanta. more than enough 充足的；丰富的cabinn. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍meltv. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid（使）融化；（使）熔化amusinga. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的amusevt. cause to laugh or smilethermostatn. an automatic device for regulating temperature恒温器biologicallyad. 生物学上biological a.survivaln. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存productivityn. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产fundamentala. basic; most importantPhrases & Expressionsgo roundfunction smoothlyin the form of以…形式in pointappropriate; pertinent适用的；相关的in (good) conditionin good health, physically fitgive birth (to)bear; (fig.) produce生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起draw ontake or use as a source利用；动用slow down(cause to ) go more slowly than usual;(cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way （使）慢下来；（使）放松turn downreduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低move abouttravel around; go from one place to anotherpull throughhelp (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机Proper NameMinnesota明尼苏达（美国州名）参考译文——鹿和能量循环有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗？在1973-1974年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时，鹿如何生存。

Book4Unit 1 Big Bucks The Easy WayTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level:Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives:1.Help Ss get to know the lesson “No pains, no gains” and there is no “big bucks theeasy way”.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabulariesand required grammar points of the section.Words: cash, echo, competitive, leisurely, pain, sour, finance, marvelous, party, stack, cram, harm, minimum, range, thoughtful, deadline, inform, normally,sale, trash, delivery, inquire, odd, shrinkPhrases & Expressions: pull up, a piece of cake, even as, know better than, be at, make a dent, cut into, have no business, settle for, settle one’s account, quiteawhile, draw attention to, for sale, for rent, be done with, may as well Grammar: p143. About the reading, Ss should learn avoiding vocalization and inner speech.4. About the writing, Ss should learn word choice..5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 1 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)Montgomery Ward2)Sears,3)Roebuck2.Warm-up questions1)Do you depend on your parents financially?2)Is it easy to earn money by working part-time?3)Are there any easy ways to make much money?3.Key words and expressions:New words and old wordTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)U.S. dollar buckDoor handle doorknobUnhurried leisurelyRelaxed leisurelyProfitable lucrativeSent out deliverEndure live withBeg panhandleTell informFill cramTie bandIncrease reproduceExtra money bonusPart sectionA path walkAn easy job a piece of cakePay settleHave no reason have no businessCome to terms with settle forStrange oddMoney financeFinish be done with English and Chinese phrasesTeacher(Chinese) Students( English)考虑look into总是all the time可以容忍live with令我痛心it pains me易如反掌 a piece of cake壮汉 a big guy干快些get busy好几卡车的truck loads of百货商店department store廉价商店 a dime store小杂货店drug store汽车行auto store外卖餐馆takeout restaurant提高嗓门voice rises超过极限out of the range of恍然大悟work a profound change in 教会某人做人work a profound change inone’s personality 经过调解in mediation结账settle the account劳务支出labor cost相同数额 a like amount托某人做enlist sb. To doII. While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.Text and questions for discussionLines 1-91.what did the father tell his college sons to think about?(to deliver bags of magazines to make some of their own money.)2.what was the father worried about?( the sons would become used to or feel content with living by asking for money all the time.)Lines 10-221.why did the mother phone the father?( she wanted him to know what was going on at home.)2.How do you understand the word “super” she snapped?( “super” means very good. But,she “snapped” it, which means she was very angry.She was being sarcastic,i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.)3.can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up out front”?(Another truck has stopped outside in front of our hous to deliver more materials.) Lines 23-291.which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?( the Sunday Newspaper Company.)2.why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?( Each one was from a different company and had the ads the sons were required to deliver to 4000 houses.)3.why did he think so?( He had no idea of how much work it would mean.)Lines 30-35What did the father mean when he said “they are college men.”?He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with the situation.Lines 36-501.In what cases does people’s voice become unnaturally high and quavering?When they are excited, angry, upset and the like.2.what does “magazine sections” mean?Parts of magazines, 8 or 12 pages long.3.how many steps are there in the process before delivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661.what do you think of the father’s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2.why did the father say “That’s encouraging”?the sons were learning how to solve the problem of manpower shortage;they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lines.3.why did the mother say “it is very discouraging”?the measures weren’ working at all.Lines 67-771.what do you think of the father’s bon us program？It is reasonable and logical. Bonus is a popular incentive that management adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly get a big fish.2.did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obtained.3.why did the son answer “Yes, Sir”?he had come to realize it was a business and he took the father’s instructions as and order.Lines 78-861.what does “see the color of cash” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2.what’s the difference between the original payment and the demanded one?The original payment was five dollars per person, shile now they demanded five dollars per hour.3.who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Lines 87-94Why did the son think it “enough”?No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great efforts and they learnt a lot from the experience.Lines 95-1091.what did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They learnt to make their own money in order to avoid having to ask for money all the time.2.what were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family’s books.3.do you agree “you’re never done with books”?Yes. Because………No. bec ause ………..3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the newwords.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.Summary questions and concluding remarks1) Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money for themselves?Give reasons for your answer.I think it necessary…….because………..2) what do you think is needed in accomplishing something difficult?I think it is self-confidence, perseverance, co-operation or team work,reasonable management, strategies of solving problems, etc.3)what is the father’s tone in telling the story?The tone is light and ironic because the story is meant to be funny. The problem in the story was one that people think is very serious when it happens, but later they can laugh about.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to thenew words and topic.5. Exercise:Sentence making in dialoguesTeacher: now I’d like you to complete the following dialogues by making Sentences with the giver phrases.Pull up1.what do you ask your driver to do when you reach your destination?I ask the driver to pull up near the place I want to go.2.what does a bus driver do when a passenger wants to get off?He pulls up at a bus stop.3.what does the red light mean to a moving vehicle?It means that the vehicle must pull up at the zebra.A piece of cake1.can you recite the 26 English letters?Sure. It’s a piece of cake.2.do you think it difficult to use a tape recorder?No. it’s a piece of cake.Make a dent in1.have you finished your outline?No, I’ve hardly made a dent in it.2.How are you getting along with your project?We have made only a small dent in it.Cut into1.do you watch TV in your study period?No. that would cut into my study time.2.what cuts into the factory’s profit?The rise of the labor costs, material prices, the increased consumption of power, etc.Settle for1.if you can’t sell your bicycle at a high price, what will you do?I have to settle for a lower price.2.If you can’t get a well-paid job, will you settle for a lower-paid job?Might/may/could as well1.what do you suggest we do during the winter vacation?If you have nothing to do, you might as well take up a part-time job.2.what should I do if I can’t afford a house?You may as well rent an apartment and set aside your money for a new house.Unit 2 Deer and The Energy CycleTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level:Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal’s living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-enery-life-death.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hencePhrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert intoGrammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage of dictionary.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence .5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1. Warm-up questions1)Allow Ss to go over the text for 10 mins.2)Ask them to list the facts about the life of deer in the four seasonsrespectively.3)Sum up Ss’s results2. Introductory remarks:1) What do you think life depends on?Money, love, or something else?2) where does energy come from?Food, spirit, God, or what?3)what happens to life there is no food , or source of energy?if life useless after it comes to an end?4) Life is energy, isn’t it? What do you think?The planet we live on is made up of 2 major components: living organisms and inorganic substances. As far as living things are concerned, life spans vary. Some may live for thousands of years, while others live only a few seconds. Regardless of the this difference, every life develops from a lower stage to a higher stage until its death, and every species develops in this way, too. But what makes life perform in this way? What happens after life? Our earth has been functioning for billions of years. What has made it work for so long? Let’s have a careful study of the text 3. New words and phrases studyStudy of the words and phrasesNew words and old wordsTeacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)tendency turn of mindmoney currencychange into convert intoautumn fallsomething stored reservesrare scarceto satisfy the demands to meet the needsarea regionplentiful amplepossessions resourcestore depositspend expendsleepy drowsybecome liquid meltat the same time meanwhilebasic fundamentaltherefore hencecollect accumulateinside internalsmall wooden house cabinEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)注重/有……的倾向 a … turn of mind生态系统an ecological system 倚赖to depend on年复一年from year to year尽可能多as much as one can旺季times of plenty储存的脂肪reserves of fat/stored fat 不甚出名,鲜为人知less well known能说明问题的例子 a good case in point营养食品nutritious food生理成熟physically mature生育to give birth to食物资源food resources熬过冬天to survive the winter/to pull through the winter 大雪deep snow小雪light snow基本规律 a fundamental ruleII. While-reading Activities1.Text and questions for discussion .Lines 1-61.what does “love makes the world go round” mean?People with a romantic turn of mind think that love, romantic love, is what makes life worth living..2.why does the author say t hat energy is the “currency” of the ecological system?An ecological system is all the plants, animals and people, and their surroundings, considered as a whole, In the commercial world, money is the currency , or means of survival. For life, the most important support is food, the source of energy for life, which allows growth, reproduction, and survival.Lines 7-121.what do wild animals do with the food in different seasons? Why do they do so?Wild animals seem to know when there will be plenty of food and when there won’t. so they eat as much as they can when there is plenty of food so that they can become fat and strong and grow well. In winter, they have little to eat. But they do not starve because the fat they have stored in their bodies brings them through this hard time.Lines 13-221.what does “ this is good timing” mean?This means that the female deer uses the most suitable seasons, i.e.summer and fall, for the birth of fawns and the production of milk because both the conception and production cost the female deer much energy and in both seasons there is plenty of food, which meet the deer’s physical needs.Lines 23-311.to what does the author compare the process of fat reserving?A bank savings account, from which one can draw when he needs the money. Lines 32-441.what is the phenomenon of lowering metabolism?The heart rate slows. The animal becomes slow and drowsy. Therefore, the use of and need for energy is reduced.2.what protects the deer from cold winter? How does it work?They undergo physical and internal physiological changes, i.e. the hair growth andthe slow metabolism. The thick hair keeps the deer warm and the slow metabolism makes the deer consume less energy, which is stored in the form of fat for use when they need it for growth.Lines 45-561.what decreases as winter progresses?The deer’s activities.2.why were people advised to behave like that?To use less oil and electricity for conserving energy to pull through the crisis.3.what does the author imply by “watched the deer”?He implies that men can learn from the deer to reduce unnecessary cost of energy. Lines 57-641.“…to pull them through”. Can you say it in other words?…to help them survive the winter.2.what is the fundamental rule of life?The more fat the deer reserve, the more chance there is for them to survive the crises. Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive.3.Is the fundamental rule of life applicable to human beings?Yes. If we human beings do not protect nature and ourselves by saving energy, we will be punished by nature and will eventually be wiped out from this planet. Lines 65-681.what is the life cycle?Food-energy-life-survival-reproduction-death-food-energy-other life… .Food –energy-seek more food-new energy-food…..Energy is vital to our world. But energy is not always plentiful. The supply can vary, either seasonally or for other reasons. Some animals, the white-tailed deer, for instance, have developed natural ways or varying their own use of energy with the variations of the supply. Human beings can and should learn this lesson for their own survival.2. Teacher explains the key points in detailsturn of mind1.what is your turn of mind?I have a logical turn of mind, or literary/critical/philosophic/humorous/optimisticturn of mind.2.what kind of person is likely to create things?A person of a creative turn of mind is likely to create things.3.what words can you use to describe people of different turns of mind?Down-to-earth, poetic, business-like, humorous, etc.Depend on1.How do crops grow?They depend on the sunlight,water, and fertilizer for growth.2.How are the prices of commodities set?They mainly depend on the relation between demand and supply.A case in point1.can you give an example of a successful person?Yes. A case in point is Thomas Edison, a great inventor.2.can anything heavier than air stay in the sky?Yes. A case in point is the helicopter.3.How can we conclude that a person is selfish.A case in point is…Meet…needs1.why do people drink so much water on the sports ground?They have to meet their body’s needs for water as they play in the sun.2.why does a factory install another assembly line?They want to meet the needs of increasing production.Draw on1.How can a good writer write so many interesting stories?He draws on his experience, knowledge, observation, perception and interpretation of life for the material of his stories.2.How can a person put forward such a peculiar idea?I think he’s drawn on his imagination.Slow down1.what is a driver expected to do if a police car comes towards or follows him/her?He/she is expected to slow down and then stop by the road side.2.what does a runner do after he passes the finish line?He slows down and stops.Pull through1.what should you do in face of difficulties?I should use my skills, work hard,and sometim es I should take somebody’s advice.This might help to pull me through the difficulties.2.why was the little boy, Schatz,waiting for death?He believed he had a fatally high temperature and would not pull through.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the newwords and topic.Unit 3 Why Do We Believe That The Earth Is Round? Teaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level:Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know the author’s purpose is to teach Ss to have a correct attitude towards knowledge and accepting of knowledge by taking the examples of other’s arguments of the shape of Earth.2 About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: preface, remark, cite, exaggerate, mast, appeal, analogy, cast, precarious, produce, burden, botherPhrases & Expressions: appeal to, follow up, for the sake of, throw light on, shaped like, cast on, fall back on, stray away from,Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the reading skills of telling difference bwteenfacts and opinion sentences.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 3 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information1)George Orwell2)George BernardShaw3)The Flat Earth Theory and the Round Earth Theory4)Eclipses5)Playing Cards6)Comrade MaoTse-tung on knowledge, on Direct Experience and IndirectExperience2. warm-up questions and introductory remarks1)Do you believe that the earth is round? Why?Yes, I do, because science proves that it is true.2) Have you heard of other conclusions about the shape of the earth?What are they? Why don’t you believe them?Yes. The earth was said to be flat or oval. I don’t believe them because the photos from satellites or the scenes of eclipses show that it’s round.2)why is “the earth is round” put in a question?3.Key words and expressions:study of the words and phrasesnew words and old wordsteacher students(old words or expressions) (new ones)forward prefacesay,argue remarkquote citesimply merelyaccept without question swallowoverstate exaggerateattract appeal tofor the good of for the sake ofpole on a ship mastbend curvecomparison analogyquickly promptlyround plate discthrow castgo to aim atinsecure precariousturn to for help fall back onin another way otherwisemove from stray away fromshow produceload burdentake trouble botherEnglish and Chinese PhrasesTeacher(Chinese) students(English)在某处somewhere or other序言the preface to中世纪the middle ages普遍认为the widespread belief that 普通人the ordinary citizen迎合口味appeal to我的…完蛋了bang goes my…求助于fall back on不屑一顾would not even bother to反驳say…against天体heavenly body由此可见it will be seen that靠不住的理由precarious reasons知识面the range of knowledge 无力的论据weak argumentII. While-reading Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2.T explains the text in details.Appeal to1.do detective films appeal to you?Yes, ….No, … .2.what kinds of books appeal most to youth?Books on …3.why are children’s clothes colorful?Bright and colorful clothes usually appeal to children.Follow up1.what do the police do if a case is reported to them?They follow up the case.2.what do you do if you read an interesting story series on a newspaper?I follow it up.For the sake of1.what do people usually do for the sake of health?They eat healthy f ood, do exercises and don’t smoke,don’t…2.why is it necessary to widen the streets?It’s necessary to widen the streets for the sake of a smoother flow of traffic. Throw light on1.what is the use of the background knowledge of a story?It throws light on it.2.why are illustrations, data and charts or tables necessary in scientific reports orbusiness presentations?They throw light on the reports and presentations.Shaped like1.Why is a UFO also called a flying saucer?It is shaped like a saucer.2.what is a space shuttle like?It is shaped like a huge plane.Cast on1.what can you see on a moon-lit night in the open?I can see my shadow cast on the ground.I can see the shadows of the trees cast on the wall/window.Fall back on1.why do you set aside some money every month?I set aside some money every month so that I can fall back on it if I get sick orbecome unemployed.2.what do you do when you get lost in a new city?I fell back on the police.Stray away from1.what must you bear in mind when you walk along a path in an area of swamp?I must not stray away from the path.2.what kind of people don’t you like to talk to?I don’t like to talk to those who often stray away from the topic.Text and questions for discussionLines1-71.why is “ Saint Joan” in italics?It is the name of a play. See note 3 in your textbook.2.who is Bernard Shaw?See Note 4 in your textbook. He is widely considered the treatest British dramatist since Shakespeare. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. For more details, refer to Note 1,2. in Teacher’s book.3.what do “gullible and superstitious” mean?Gullible means willing to believe anything or anyone, easily deceived.“superstitious” means willing to believe something that cannot be explained by reason or science or that brings good or bad luck.4.can you paraphrase “swallows this theory”?accepting the theroy blindly without questioning and suspicions.Lines 8-131.what does “it” refer to in the sentence “ the light it throws on modernknowledge”?It refers to “ the question”2.what is the question that is worth following up?Are we too gullible and superstitious today?3.why does the author only tend to speak of ordinary men when answering why webelieve that the earth is round?Ordinary men don’t have the espertise to prove it scientifica lly.Lines 14-191.why is a distant ship invisible but its mast and funnel can be seen from theseashore?Look at the picture on the next page.2.can you paraphrase “what can I say against it?”I can refute the Flat Earth theory but I need more proofs to refute the Oval Earththeory.Lines 20-261.does the author really “play cards”?no. this is a figure of speech used to mean preenting an argument point by point.“the first card I can play” means the first pointi can make to support my argument.2.what does “analogy of the sun and moon” mean?To compare the earth to the sun and the moon.Lines 27-311.when does a lunar eclipse occur?When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and blocks the sunlight, or casts its shadow onto the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.e the Oval Earth theory to refute the author’s eclipse argument.The shadow cast on the moon is round, but it doesn’t follow that the earth is spherical. It may perfectly well be flat like a disc.3.what is the author’s argument about the eclipses based on?Publications, such as newspapers and magazines.Lines 32-391.what does the author mean by “ the minor exchanges?”the less important points of debate.2.what does the author think of his previous defeats?He considers them minor/unimportant points, and he is hopeful to win in thedebate.3.who is Royal?See note 6.4.which is higher, Queen,King, or Ace?King is higher than Queen,and Ace is higher than King.5.can you paraphrase the last sentence?Refer to note 23.Lines 40-461.what does “bang goes my ace” mean?My ace doesn’t work. I lose my ace. My argument isn’t conclusive.2.what does the author think of his “ last card”?he believes that the last point of his argument defeats the Oval Earth man.Lines 47-601.what does the author think of his evidence?He doesn’t t hink it convincing enough.2.what does “an exceptionally elementary piece of information” mean?A piece of information that everyone knows.3.what is this piece of information?The earth is round.4.can you use a Chinese saying to explain “when the range of know ledge is so vasthat the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty”?隔行如隔山5.what does “ credulous” mean?Ready to believe, without evidence.3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)Summary questions and Concluding remarks1.what cards does the author play to refute opinions different from his?The phenomenon of the seashore view, the analogy of the sun and the moon, the earth’s shadow, the newspapers and books, the opinions of the experts, andnavigation.2.do you have any other cards to support the author?High above on a plane, we can see the curved horizon, still higher above in a space ship, astronauts tell us that the earth is round, like a ball. Pictures taken from spaceships or sky labs show the earth in no other shape than spherical.3.can you sum up the main idea of this text?III. Post-reading Activities1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.Unit 4 Jim ThorpeTeaching Time: 4 hoursStudents’ level:Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester.Teaching Objectives:1.Get Ss to know Thorpe’s experiences before and after his career success and the influence of racial discrimination towards American Indians.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: await, arrival, beat, opponent, bunk, strain, utterly, glide, bewildered, desert, declinePhrases & Expressions: build on, breeze through, catch up withGrammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage skimming.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know how to write a recount.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 4 directed by teacher.Teaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Activities1.Background information2.Introductory remarks: This is a well-known story. The story may not be true,3.Warm-up questions1) who was Jim Thorpe?He was an American Indian, was a great athlete. He won both the pentathlon and the decathlon, the two most demanding Olympic events, in the 1912 Stockholm Olympic Games.2)Can you say anything about Olympic Games?---what is the symbol?Five interlocking circles,red,blue, yellow, black and green, on a white field representing the continents of the world joined in friendship.3)what is the motto?。

Paras 1-7
• I love humming bird. By chance, a humming bird came to my house in October. • Para 1: the thrill of, the sight of, unbelievably, dazzling, flit, entice, fuchsia, bee balm, cardinal flowers, touch-me-not, depart, clime
Байду номын сангаас• Para 2: frostbitten, chore, ruby-throated, a patch of, I couldn’t believe my eyes. • Para 3: assess, feeder, solution, spot • Para 4: a trail of, sun room, set up, feed on • Para 5: deprive sb of sth, ornithology • Para 6: bill and tail, spread pollen • Para 7: make it, fatten him up
Para 21-25
Summary
• Hummingbirds are restricted to the Americas. The majority of species occur in tropical and subtropical Central and South America. • Hummingbirds drink nectar, a sweet liquid inside certain flowers. Like bees, they are able to assess the amount of sugar in the nectar they eat; they reject flower types that produce nectar that is less than 10% sugar and prefer those whose sugar content is stronger. Nectar is a poor source of nutrients, so hummingbirds meet their needs for protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. by preying on insects and spiders.