考研翻译能力训练(60) 林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》

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+考试专栏 Lincoln’S Gettysburg Address 林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》 

day,wh0 sp。ke f0r just。ver tw。h。urs.At the time, 家、政治家爱德华・埃弗里特之后。 E erett g。t he m。rejv。urab・ eview : 喜喜 萎萎 个多小时,在" Four score and seven years ago,”Lincoln began, ‘ 

的 这么开头的: “。ur Fa山ers br0ugh f0rth。n his continent a new 

八十七年前.我们的先辈在这 

nation,c。nceiVed in Libeny,and dedica ed 。 he 大陆上创立了一个崭新的国家,它 

pr0p。si i。n hat all men are crea ed equal・”This whiff 孕育于自由之中

.奉行一切人生来 

。f biblical andeur disguised what was,in the hr0e 平等的原则 ,,这一犹如圣经般宏 

54 @⑥叩@⑨@匡响⑨06 D:0 十考试专栏十 was for more than just the principles of the 葛底斯堡战役究竟是为何而战。而林 Constitution.it was for the ideals—equality,as 肯给出了清晰的答案:这不仅是为宪 we11 as life.1iberty and the pursuit of happiness一 法原则而战,更是为平等、生命、自由 enshrined in the Declarati0n of Independence of 和幸福而战——所有这些理念早在 1776.The Confederates c1ung t。the Constituti。n, 1776年就载入了《独立宣言》。南部邦 claiming t0 have legal right 0n their side.In a 联紧紧抓住宪法不放,声称合法权在 single sentence。Linc。In made the m。ral case for 他们一边。而林肯用一句话表明,道义 the Union.2 在北部联邦军一方。 What is so affectin h0wever,is that the 但是,葛底斯堡演讲真正感人之 Gettysburg Address is much m。re than a p。litica1 处在于它远不只是一个政治声明,它 argument.It is an expressi。n。f humility.The 还是一种谦卑的表达。此演讲承认了 speech recognises the inadequacy。f speeches.Yet 演讲的力不从心,但林肯还是竭力为 

L incoln d。e:manage t。add t。t-h。se l=)st lives.He 逝者增添色彩。他呼吁活着的人将自 calls。n the livin t。dedicate themselves t。the 己奉献给逝者所追求的崇高事业,“我 

hi er pu叩。se of。the ra en,“that舶m these 茎蓑 honoured dead we take increased deV。 i。n 。 haI 尽瘁的事业,,。.林肯在几年前曾谈到过 

cause f0r which they gave the 1ast fuu measure 类似的主题.但他之前的演讲从没像 devoti。n-”Linc。ln had tried ou a similar line a 那天那么精辟有力。 

c。uple。f years earlier,but he neVer nailed i qui e 但并不是所有人都欣赏这次演 

SO pithily as he did tha day・ 讲 有些听众认为林肯那天声音过于 Not。 。ry0n。g。 ・Lmc。ln d。l 。ry, 。m。 尖细,甚至有点刺耳。《泰晤士报》的通 

said,was shrill,eVen a little squeaky・The T/me 讯记者认为林肯的演讲“荒唐可笑”, correspondent deemed it“ludicrous”,commenting 评论说“没有什么演讲比这更无聊更 

that“anything more dull and commonplace it would 陈腐了”。林肯本人在正式演讲前曾 

not be easy to produce”.Lincoln himself prefaced 说:“世界将不大会注意也难长久记得 

his dedication by saying“the world will little note, 我们在此说过什么。”这一点,他可预 

nor long remember what we say here."He was言错了。 圈 

wrong about that. 

翻译要点注解: 这篇文章对林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》作了简明扼 要的评论。翻译时需利用遣词用字、增益省略等 翻译技巧.注意某些词语的约定俗成表述方式。 各段注释如下。 1.memorable显著的,难忘的,值得纪念的;unri. 

valled无与伦比的,无敌的;oratory慷 慨激昂的演说:National Cemetery国 家公墓;stray from走离,偏离;conse- crate使圣化。 2.four score八十;bring(下转第58页) @⑥叩@ @匡 06 嗡 55 专考试专栏十 leaves stood high above the water, splayed out like the skins of a tall slimballerina. Here and there among the layers of leaves were sown shining white flowers,some blooming glamourously, some in shy bud,just like unstrung pearls,or stars against a blue sky. 两种译文分别用flared和splayed out,着意荷叶喇叭形张开的样子,细化了对“裙”的描 写。英译2中“舞女’’中变成了更为具体的芭蕾舞女的形象,而“出浴美人”的比喻则被删 去。 最后.还要关注我们司空见惯的一些英语结构 词短语),它们在描述中是可以大显身手的。 比如英语中常见这样的独立主格结构: He leaned back again, 

(插入语、独立主格、同位语、介词短语、分 

liDs Dursed.cheeks working out and back,ou—t and back like a fish's. 

汉译英时,这同样是很有用的信息展开模式: 呆一会儿,扭头看,这小家伙竞扒在我的肩头睡着了,银灰色的眼睑盖住眸子,小红脚刚 好给胸脯上长长的绒毛盖住。 After a moment when I turned and looked at it,I found it fallen asleep there, e—lids covering its eve—balls,its red claws buried in its fluff,(chest. its silver 

再比如分词短语,这可构成极其高效的伴随状语。下面句中三个ing分词短语(划线部 分)将马群嬉戏的情景描写得何其生动: A ̄ernoons,our young horses played, rearing UD on back le and Dawin ̄oh SO carefullv at 

each other,reaching around,ears flat back,nipping manes and withers. 汉译英也用得着这样的结构: 我多少次对着邻村的小孩子炫耀着它,编造着它的光荣的历史,说它曾经驮着兵团司令 冲锋陷阵,立下过赫赫战功,它一声不吭,好像一块没有温度的铁。 I had often showed her off to kids in neighboring villages, ous past and boasting how she had charged into battle distinguishing herself under fire, 

tellin ̄stories about her glori— with a regiment commander on her back, and,like a piece of cold steel,she would utter no sound. 前两个分词短语将I的“夸耀”行为具体化,第三个分词短语则进一步描写了战马 

陷阵的英姿。 同位语结构的例子可参见本栏目第一期。 下期将讨论如何阅读具有说明功能的英语段落,及其对相应汉语段落英译的启示。 

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冲锋 园 forth生(孩子),产生;whif一点点;bibli・ cal圣经的;throe剧痛;score 20个,得分; C0nfederates(美国内战时的)南部联军; enshrine珍藏,庄严载入。 3.inadequacy不充分,不完全;the fallen阵亡 58 @⑥00@⑨@匡响⑨06 

者:pithily简洁有力地。 4.shrill尖锐的,刺耳的;squeaky短促尖声 的,吱吱响的;ludicrous滑稽的,荒唐的; commonplace老生常谈,司空见惯的事 preface为……加序言.以……开始。