北京大学考博英语-10(总分57.5,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabulary1. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City ______ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world.A. envelopedB. summonedC. temptedD. provoked2. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, exist only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive3. As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, ______A. was slowly to changeB. are slowly changedC. is slowly changingD. have slowly changed4. Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and ______ foodstuff for their cooking.A. versatileB. multipleC. manifoldD. diverse5. Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer______about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.A. fantasizingB. fascinatingC. facilitatingD. finalizing6. Nobody knows why there are so few women at the ______ of movies.A. helmB. seatC. controlD. reign7. There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should______the reality that more immigrants **ing and that those already here are changing Japan.A. abide byB. account forC. act onD. adjust to8. Bystanders, ______, ______ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed9. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. To freeC. FreeingD. Freed10. The children prefer camping in the mountains ______ an indoor activity.A. toB. thanC. forD. with11. ______ they think it **e to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a political event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the end of the world is coming, according to a new poll.A. EitherB. WhetherC. NeitherD. If12. ______before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive13. The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to ______ or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge14. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A. longB. foreverC. lastingD. lively15. ______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.A. Being shown around the campusB. Having shown to the campusC. After been shown around the campusD. Having been shown around the campus16. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problems, ______ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.A. have only foundB. only findingC. only foundD. only to find17. Glass-fiber cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations ______.A. spontaneously B: simultaneously C. immediately D. immiscibly18. "What courses are you going to do next semester?""I don"t know. But it"s about time______on something."A. I"ddecideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I"m deciding19. "What do they eat in Hawaii?" ______ eat rice rather than potatoes."A. Most of peopleB. Most of the peopleC. The most of peopleD. The most people20. Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is ______in Comparison.A. overwhelmingB. uninspiringC. astoundingD. triflingPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionIt happened in the late fall of 1939 when, after a Nazi submarine had penetrated the British sea defense around the Firth of Forth and damaged a British cruiser, Reston and a colleague contrived to get the news past British censorship. They cabled a series of seemingly harmless sentences to The Times"s editors in New York, having first sent a message instructing the editors to regard only the last word of each sentence. Thus they were able to convey enough words to spell out the story. The fact that the news of the submarine attack was printed in New York before it had appeared in the British press sparked a big controversy that led to an investigation by Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence. But it took the investigators eight weeks to decipher The Times"s reporters" code, an embarrassingly slow bit of detective work, and when it was finally solved the incident had given the story very prominent play, later expressed dismay that the reporters had risked so much for so little. And the incident left Reston deeply distressed. It was so out of character for him to have. become involved in such a thing. The tactics were questionable and, though the United States was not yet in the war, Britain was already established as America"s close ally and breaking British censorship seemed both an irresponsible and unpatriotic thing to do.1. The episode recounted in the passage took place ______.A. just prior to the outbreak of the Second World WarB. bofore Britain entered the Second World WarC. before the United States entered the Second World WarD. while the United States was in the Second World War2. It was clear that British censorship rules had been broken because the story was ______.A. first published in New YorkB. published nowhere but in The TimesC. uncomplimentary to the BristishD. much fuller in its Times version than elsewhere3. According to the author, the British did little about the story"s publication mainly because ______.A. everyone responsible had apologized for what had happenedB. it took the authorities too long to figure out how the censors had been outwittedC. Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence disagreed about who was at faultD. they were afraid to admit that the censors had been so easily fooled4. The passage indicates that eventually everyone involved came to regard the publication of the story in The Times as a ______.A. regrettable errorB. cheap journalistic trickC. brilliant journalistic maneuverD. proper exercise of the freedom of the pressBefore a big exam, a sound night"s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between **peting theories of why sleep is good for the memory. one says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a **ing on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. , the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.5. Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to ______A. how dreams are modified in their coursesB. the difference between sleep and wakefulnessC. why sleep is of great benefit to memoryD. the functions of a good night"s sleep6. As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by ______A. intensely active brainwave tracesB. subjects" quicker response timesC. complicated memory patternsD. revival of events in the previous day7. By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show ______A. its significance in the studyB. an inherent pattern being learntC. its resemblance to the lightsD. the importance of night"s sleep8. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiatesin science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization"s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modem scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. "Electricity," Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul"s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that"s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that"s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.9. Bertrand Russell"s notion about electricity is______A. disapproved of by most modern scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle"s theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how" things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "why" things happen10. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that______A. there are self-evident principlesB. there are mysterious forces in the universeC. man cannot discover what forces "really" areD. we can discover why things behave as they do11. The expression "speculated on" (Line 4) means______A. consideredB. suspectedC. expectedD. engaged in buying and sellingThe domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary andfiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Final]y, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the **ponent of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run--remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve **petitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy"s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.12. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show ______.A. the continuing expansion of the economyB. the growth of consumer purchasing powerC. the consumers" confidence in the economyD. the soaring consumer incomes for spending13. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with ______.A. economic policy measures suggested by the PresidentB. the causes of business development for the periodC. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policesD. the revival of stronger liquidity positions14. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author"s attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems ______.A. bitter-sweetB. pessimisticC. sympatheticD. doubtful15. Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to ______.A. prevent payments deficitB. devalue the American dollarC. avoid inflationary pressuresD. increase the balance of trade16. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three Program contained ______.A. devaluation of the dollarB. productivity measuresC. reduced government spendingD. wage and price controlsPart Ⅲ ClozeThe strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11 years 31 the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots--actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots 32 its minimum in 2007 and 33 have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in 34 is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years.This 35 of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planet"s ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in 36 , giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance. In fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be 37 some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, accounts for the somewhat flat temperature trend of the past decade. But 38 if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last.The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly 39 as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation. But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly 40 .1.A. and soB. or soC. on soD. soon2.A. increasedB. gotC. reducedD. reached3.A. shouldB. couldC. wouldD. might4.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how5.A. muchB. lackC. numberD. amount6.A. highB. heightC. altitudeD. space7.A. makingB. causingC. decreasingD. masking8.A. evenB. whatC. in caseD. still9.A. hardB. severeC. harshD. heavy10.A. certainB. unlikelyC. likelyD. uncertainPart Ⅳ Proofreading(66)Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion-- a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who tared best.(68) Stanford"s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69)"There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest,"said Martin Shell, Stanford"s vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education.(73)Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74)Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75)Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.。
