南开大学考博英语真题解析 2

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We should always keep in mind that （） decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

根据句意可知，既然是痛苦的后悔，说明决定很草率，选项B符合语境。

2.单选题Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I （） to be his girl friend.问题1选项A.pretendedB.supposedC.resumedD.granted【答案】B 【解析】动词词义辨析。

pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续, 重新开始”;granted“同意, 授予”。

句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会, 我猜想应该是他的女朋友。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3）salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ）is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ）of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we （15 ） what we know now.问题1选项A.LikewiseB.BesidesC.ThusD.Otherwise问题2选项A.andB.thenC.henceD.or问题3选项A.entirepleteC.totalD.all问题4选项A.imaginableB.unaccountableC.considerableD.understandable问题5选项A.onB.withC.toD.at 问题6选项A.affairB.issueC.matterD.question问题7选项A.announcedB.orderedC.imposedD.enacted问题8选项A.fasterB.moreC.betterD.harder问题9选项A.FurthermoreB.ConverselyC.AccordinglyD.Nevertheless问题10选项A.possibilityB.perspectiveC.occurrenceD.opportunity问题11选项A.pieceB.portionC.sectionD.segment问题12选项A.toleratedB.tolerantC.tolerableD.intolerant问题13选项A.descendingB.decliningC.reducingD.relieving问题14选项binationB.allianceC.mixtureD.union问题15选项A.knowB.knewC.had knownD.have known【答案】第1题:B 第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）上下文语义。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。

consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。

句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，《成人礼》都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。

前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。

2.单选题Donations are needed to （） our child-care programs.问题1选项A.implementB.validateC.strengthenD.approve【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

implement实施，实现；validate证实，确认；strengthen加强，巩固；approve 批准，赞成。

句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题The doctors are very much worried about the（）of the patient’s condition after operation.问题1选项A.dispositionB.deliberationC.deteriorationD.diversion【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。

disposition“处置, 性情”;deliberation“审议, 考虑”;deterioration“恶化, 退化”;diversion“消遣, 转移注意力”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A man has to make （） for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.问题1选项A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisionD.adjustment【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。

make provision for指为...预先采取措施, 为…作好准备。

句意:一个人必须为自己的老年提前做准备, 存下足够的钱以备老年之需。

选项C正确。

2.单选题An unidentified wit once said, “laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone.” Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those un fortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 million people—women as well as men—who render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened.1.The snoring is caused by （） .2.If a person produces short snores, most probably he has （） .3.The snorers can have control over their act.4.The author’s attitude towards the snorers is （） .问题1选项A.the soft palate and other structures of the throatB.the inflowing and outflowing air through the noseC.the inflowing and outflowing air through mouthD.the vibrations as a result of the inflowing and outflowing air问题2选项A.a soft palateB.a big noseC.an open mouthD.a small throat问题3选项A.The snorers can have control over their act.B.both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring.C.The frequency of the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue.D.There are more men than women who snore.问题4选项A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.sympatheticD.annoyed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。

句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that （） we had to stop for refreshments. 问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals 【答案】D【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。

at large“详尽的”;at ease“安逸, 舒适”;at random“随便地, 任意地”;at intervals“不时地, 间断地”。

句意:讨论时间太长, 使人精疲力竭, 我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。

选项D符合句意。

3.单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。

选项A符合句意。

frowned皱眉，不满。

4.单选题Hotel rooms must be （） by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.问题1选项A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题You must let me have the annual report without （）by ten o’clock tomorrow morning.问题1选项A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fail【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

without fail为固定搭配, 表示“必定, 务必”。

句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。

所以选项D正确。

2.单选题The company will （） to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.问题1选项A.retainB.alterC.adhereD.abandon 【答案】C【解析】动词搭配。

retain”保持, 记住”;alter“改变, 更改”;adhere“坚持, 追随”, 一般与to连用;abandon“抛弃, 遗弃”。

句意:无论过程中会付出多大的代价, 这家公司都将坚持其协议。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题At Wembley, the home of football, countless thousands of people spend Sunday morning amongst the （） selling everything from shoes to model trains.问题1选项A.stallsB.staturesC.stalksD.statutes【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。

stalls货摊；statures身高，身材；stalks茎秆；statutes法令。

句意：成千上万的人整个星期天上午都流连于出售从鞋子到模型火车等各种商品的小摊位。

选项A符合句意。

4.单选题You have lived in many foreign countries so I’d expect you to have some sort of （） people who have just arrived here.问题1选项A.love forB.concern forC.sympathy forD.empathy for【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The torch was （） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。

句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题They advised their clients to （） with another company.问题1选项A.mergeB.engageC.emergeD.submerge 【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

merge with合并，与...联合；engage with交战，与...接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。

句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题You must let me have the annual report without （）by ten o’clock tomorrow morning.问题1选项A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fail【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

without fail为固定搭配, 表示“必定, 务必”。

句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。

所以选项D正确。

4.单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingzyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.写作题Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night. What do you think of the flood of advertising make any contribution to our society?For this part you are to write a composition on the topic If There Were No Advertisements. You should illustrate your viewpoints on advertisement in no less than 200 words.【答案】2.单选题Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some direct themselves by the position of the sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the sun as their guide during the day, and then switch tn star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earth's magnetic fields as a guide in finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from insects to mollusks, can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course very useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to a magnetic compass when clouds cover the sun; otherwise it would just have to land and wait for the sun to come out again.Even with the sun or stars to guide by, the problems of navigation are more complicated than they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee that has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to report. A scientist has discovered that the bee sent out to look for food delivers her report through a complicated dance to the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in relation to the sun. But the sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start out to gather the toed, the sun may already have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bee seem to have no trouble at all in finding the food source. Their inner clocks tell them just where the sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.1.The author mentions all the following natural phenomena that help animals navigate EXCEPT （）.2.What makes it necessary for a bird to rely on a magnetic compass when navigating?3.According to the passage what information does the dance of the scout bee communicate to the other worker bees?4.What enables the bees to fly by the sun even though the sun’s position is not fixed?问题1选项A.the sunB.the starsC.magnetic fieldsD.wind direction问题2选项A.The possibility of bad weatherB.The constant motion of the sun.C.Its patterns of migration.D.Its need to constantly change homes.问题3选项A.The time of the day.B.What the weather is like.C.How far away the food is.D.Which flowers the scout has found.问题4选项A.They are equipped with biological time clocks.B.They fly in formation behind the scout bee.C.They have excellent eyesight.D.They have long memories.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Unless you lived through the Eisenhower era, it may be hard to imagine the impact of the on-screen sight of sneering high-school students challenging adults with switch-blades. But in 1950s America, killing was still seen as something rare and horrible, something done by soldiers in battle, by lawmen, by gangsters, or by the occasional psychopath.Homicides in movies, even those considered violent, were infrequent. Those films presented juvenile delinquency more as the thread of rebellion and disobedience than of outright violence.The idea of American teenagers as killers was beyond compression. The change in 1957 when a wave of teen-street-gang killing in New York City (22 in the first six months of the year) spurred the emergency deployment of six hundred Police Academy cadets in a war on teen street crime. Though teen violence soon lost its place in news headlines to other crises, it did not go away.Thirty-five years later America is in the grip of a violence epidemic that has transformed the country into one of the most dangerous nations on earth. The national homicide rate, corrected for population growth, increased almost exactly 100 percent from 1950 to 1990. In major cities the increase has been much higher. In Los Angeles County the 1953 homicide total was 82. In 1992, with a population almost doubled, the total was 2, 512一an increase of over 1, 000 percent. These are staggering increase by any measure, with the one-year toll for L.A. County exceeding the deaths in over fifteen years of conflict in Northern Ireland.Youth crime accounts for a disproportionate number of these killings. That’s more than twice the number recorded a decade earlier, reflecting the fact, according to FBI reports, that the number of youths who committed murder with guns was up 79 percent in one decade. Clearly something has gone horribly wrong. In looking for a root cause, one of the most obvious differences in the social and cultural fabric between post-World War II and pre-World War II America is the massive and pervasive exposure of American youth to television. Since the 1950s, behavioral scientists and medical researchers have been examining screen violence as a possible causative element in America’s spiraling violent crime rate. There is compelling evidence of a direct, demonstrable link. Homicide has become the second leading cause among African-American youth. In 1992 the US surgeon general cited violence as the leading cause of injury to women aged 15 to 44, and the US Centers for Disease Control consider violence a public health issue, to be treated as an epidemic.1.From the passage we can infer that （） .2.Which of the following is not true?3.A major reason for youth crime increase is （） .4.It is a fact, in 1992, that （） .5.The word “spiraling”（Para.5） is close in meaning to （） .问题1选项A.from the 1950s on high-school students have been a threat to the safety of adultsB.in the 1950s only some gun-men used gun as weaponsC.it was in the late 1950s that violence was frequentD.youth crime began in the 1950s问题2选项A.There were more than 22 killings of teenagers in New York, in 1957.B.The wave of teen murder urged policemen to take a quick action.C.Violence was so emergent that even six hundred students of Police Academy were turned to for help.D.Six hundred students of Police Academy were involved in the street crime.问题3选项A.population grows too muchB.young people are exposed too much to screen violenceC.violence is a public issueD.the economic background问题4选项A.population in Los Angeles was of 2, 512 peopleB.homicide totaled 352 in Los AngelesC.homicide rose up to 2, 512 in Los AngelesD.population in Los Angeles was over 1, 512问题5选项A.movingB.changingC.risingD.falling【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that （） we had to stop for refreshments. 问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。

at large“详尽的”;at ease“安逸, 舒适”;at random“随便地, 任意地”;at intervals“不时地, 间断地”。

句意:讨论时间太长, 使人精疲力竭, 我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。

选项D符合句意。

2.单选题The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in （） with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge 【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。

in accordance with为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

3.单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country—from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985—that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farming—at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive—or even to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United Stales is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization” or “automation”. This is actually m ore a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man— hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three years—far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines—that is, by the products of knowledge.1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（） .2.American politicians and labor lenders tend to dislike（） .3.According to the author, in the coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in orderto remain competitive, ought to（） .4.This passage may have been excerpted from（） .问题1选项A.the degree to which a country's production is robotizedB.a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industriesC.a worsening relationship between labor and managementD.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2选项A.confusion in manufacturing economyB.an increase in blue-collar work forceC.internal competition in manufacturing productionD.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题3选项A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work forceB.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competitionC.accelerate motor-can manufacturing in Henry Ford's styleD.solve the problem of unemployment问题4选项A.a magazine about capital investmentB.an article on automationC.a motor-car magazineD.an article on global economy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.信息推理题。

南开大学考博英语必备语法句型解析是will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的"意志"、"愿望"和 "决心"等。

如：He declared that he would do everything to help us. 他说要尽一切可能来帮助我们。

I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去。

All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own blood to the wounded, but he wouldn't listen.和护士劝白求恩大夫不要把自己的血输给伤员，但是他不听。

would用来表示现在时间时这时would不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求，均较will 婉转。

如：Would you tell us something about yourself? 请跟我们谈谈你自己好吗?Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒吗?Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop? 请告诉我去最近的公共汽车站怎么走好吗?Would you mind helping me with my packing? 请你帮我打打行李好吗?（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) [注]在日常会话中，I would like to和I should like to都可以说，I would like的简略式为I'd like。

如：I should (would) like to have a look at the new television set.我想看看这架新电视机。

南开大学考博英语真题解析1. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were_______.A.hung upB.hung backC.cut downD.cut off参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。

(A) hung up："把……挂起来，挂断电话"。

(B)hung back："犹豫;踌躇不前"。

(C)cut down："砍倒"。

(D)cut off："突然中断，切断，打断"。

(B)、(C)与原句意思较远，应立即排除。

(A)虽可作"挂断电话"解，但是通常指双方通话期间，其中一方把电话挂断。

本句的后半句是"we are---"，显然在双方通话期间，没有任何一方把电话挂断，而是外来因素(如：接线员)把"我们的通话突然中断了。

"(D)符合句意，应填(D)。

2. She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend _______here so that she could learn more about the city.A.sometimesB.some timeC.sometimeD.some times参考答案：B解析：正确答案选B。

(A) sometimes："有时"。

(B)some time："一些时间"。

(C)sometime："以前的，一度的，前任的"。

(D)some times："在某些场合，不时"。

从句意上看，应填(B)。

全句的意思是：她不知道她是否有机会在此处花一些时间以便使她更多了解这个城市的情况。

3. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seemsto be _______with everyone who comes to the store.A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted参考答案：D（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537)解析：正确答案选D。

南开大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)Part ⅡReading Comprehension (20 points)Passage 1Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.“Electronics on the highway addresses ju st one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message.They start thinking ‘Yes, there used to be a traffic congestionproblem, but that's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.'” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we u se to deal with our traffic problems.It's not the solution itself, just part of the package.There are different strategies.”Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change.1．What is the appropriate title for the passage?A．Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion.B．A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems.C．A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woos.D．Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.2．The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A．an optional solution B．an expedient solutionC．a ready solution D．an efficient solution3．According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to ______.A．develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highwaysB．provide passenger vehicle with a variety of servicesC．optimize the highway capabilitiesD．improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors4．According to Larsen, to redress the traffic problem, ______.A．car pooling must be studiedB．rapid mass transit system must be introducedC．flexible work hours must be experimentedD．overall strategies must be coordinated5．Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage?A．Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B．A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered.C．Latest developments are outlined in order of importance.D．An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized.Passage 2A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal mar —indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do dow n the “other”side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us” and “them” emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us” and “them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted.6．A suitable title for this passage would be ______.A．Wily Human Armies Are Formed B．Man's Anger Against the WorldC．The Human Capacity for Rage D．Early Struggles of Angry Mail7．According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is ______.A．its lengthy and complex developmentB．a conflict such as is now going on in Northern IrelandC．that we do not fly into a temper more oftenD．that we reserve anger for mankind8．The passage suggests that ______.A．historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” societyB．humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal groupingC．the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided dominationD．the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time9．From the passage we can infer that ______.A．the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happensB．games are psychologically unhealthyC．any artificially created subspecies would be our enemyD．the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's activities 10．The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is ______.A．founded in historical fact B．deceptiveC．apparent D．accuratePart ⅢVocabulary (5 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1．Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are ______ to imported ones.A．inadequate B．inappropriate C．inferior D．interior2．It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he ______ what he knows.A．makes for B．makes of C．makes up D．makes out3．Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business_______, something unheard of in Europe.A．transformations B．transmissions C．transitions D．transactions4．As the pressure ______ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.A．intensifies B．magnifies C．heightens D．deviates5．The strong scent of Kate's perfume ______ the air in the small room.A．radiated B．permeated C．extracted D．dispersed6．The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least ______, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A．radical B．prominent C．confidential D．controversial7．They are ______ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them.A．tempting B．tickling C．tormenting D．tricking8．Another popular misconception is the ______ that great talent is usually highly specific.A．notion B．dilemma C．domain D．analogy9．You can ______ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left.A．change B．vary C．alter D．transform10．The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be ______.A．enormous B．huge C．vast D．immensePart ⅣError Correction (10 points)Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided, If you cross out a word, put a slant (/) in the blank.When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or insome other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it, the firststep is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results. Moreover,if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.1．_____ ___2．_____ ___3．_____ ___A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumertakes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled. In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed heor she has a just claim. Consumers should complain about in person whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong with the item in question.4．_____ ___5．_____ ___6．_____ ___7．_____ ___8．_____ ___9．_____ ___10．____ ____Part ⅤWriting (10 points)Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic “It pays to be honest”.Your composition should be no less than 150 words based on the given outline. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Outline:1．Honest is the best policy.2．Give examples to support your point of view.3．Conclusion.南开大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)Part ⅡReading Comprehensionpassage 11．【答案】D【解析】本题中，A项与第四段第一句话的意思不符；B项不正确，本文主要讲的不是修路；C项在文中未被提及。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I （） to be his girl friend.问题1选项A.pretendedB.supposedC.resumedD.granted【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续, 重新开始”;granted“同意, 授予”。

句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会, 我猜想应该是他的女朋友。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately 【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。

consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。

句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，《成人礼》都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。

前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to （） myself of every chance to improve my English.问题1选项A.assurermC.availD.notify【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。

根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To plagiarize is simply “to use without （） credit the ideas, expressions, or productions of (another),” and this is remarkably easy to do unintentionally.问题1选项A.dueB.necessaryC.importantD.vital【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

句意:剽窃很简单，就是“未经允许或授权就使用(他人的)创意，表达或作品”，而这很容易在无意中发生。

due “应付的, 应得的”, due credit为常用搭配，表示“应得的荣誉, 应得的信任”, without due credit在这里引申为“未经允许或授权”。

选项A正确。

2.单选题The new colleague （）to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.问题1选项A.confirmsB.declaresC.confessesD.claims【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。

confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess (to) doing sth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句, 也可接不定式短语, 不定式中的动作发生在claim之前, 则用不定式完成式。

所以选项D正确。

3.单选题The torch was （） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （） it because of the rainy weather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。

句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned 【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。

选项A符合句意。

frowned皱眉，不满。

3.单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always（） .问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。

i nexplicable“费解的, 无法说明的”;healthy“健康的, 健全的”;sound“合理的, 可靠的”;straight“笔直的, 正直的”。

句意:我们可以依靠William去执行这次任务, 因为他的判断一直都很可靠。

选项C符合句意。

4.单选题You must let me have the annual report without （）by ten o’clock tomorrow morning.问题1选项A.failureB.hesitationC.troubleD.fail【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

南开大学考博英语真题2007年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Ⅱ Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.（分数：1.00）A.stimulate √B.renovateC.arouseD.advocate解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

选项中，能与further research and further thinking搭配的动词只能是stimulate(刺激，激励)。

故答案为A。

其他选项，renovate“翻新，修复，整修”；arouse“唤醒，引起，激发”；advocate“提倡，主张”，均不符合逻辑。

2.They advised their clients to ______ with another company.（分数：1.00）A.merge √B.engageC.emergeD.submerge解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

merge与with搭配，意为“与……联合，与……合并”。

engage with意为“交战”，不符合句意。

emerge(出现，显出)；submerge(潜入水中，淹没)，一般不与with搭配。

故答案为A。

3.Donations are needed to ______ our child-care programs.（分数：1.00）A.implement √B.validateC.strengthenD.approve解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

选项中，与child-care programs符合逻辑的搭配只能是动词implement(贯彻，执行)。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Science and technology actually help to （） the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.问题1选项A.preserveB.prevailC.reserveD.precede【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。

选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。

preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。

根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。

2.单选题The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women’s liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstances—women working outside the home and the instability of marriage一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （） .3.A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （） .4.The population in the new century, according to the writer, （） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.women’s desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。