2019届上海市徐汇区高三下学期学习能力诊断卷（二模）英语试题考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. In the hotel.C. At a bus stop.D. In a subway station. 【答案】A2.A. The lady has to go ask for help.B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.C. The lady has to have black coffee.D. The lady has had too much black coffee.【答案】C3.A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.D. The paintings are highly priced.【答案】A4.A. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.B. The man will take the flight on Sep. 16.C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep. 16.D. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep. 20.【答案】D5.A. A soccer game.B. A bicycle race.C. A swimming game.D. A Marathon running race.【答案】A6.A. Skirt.B. Matches.C. Toes.D. Shoes. 【答案】D7.A. She wants another steak.B. She doesn’t like the steak.C. She is too full to have anything more.D. She is full of energy.【答案】C8.A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoon.B. The man should continue with his exercise.C. It is important to make warming-up exercise.D. The man should start to exercise one month later.【答案】B9.A. It would be very cold today.B. It would get warm today.C. The cold front would stay for long.D. The weather report was wrong. 【答案】B10.A. To drive a long way home.B. To serve as a good mechanic.C. To buy a new car.D. To get her car maintained.【答案】DSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.11.A. Many people like to eat dog meat.B. The world is too competitive.C. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.12. A. A sick dog. B. A watch dog. C. A junkyard dog. D. A barking dog.13.A. He is probably to make his wife madder.B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog-tired.C. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.D. He probably will stay in the doghouse.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. CQuestions are based on the following passage.14.A. Zhuyun Art Museum shows China’s modern culture, art and history.B. Z huyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s native culture, art and history.C. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s art crafts dating back to Tang Dynasty.D. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s contemporary paintings and calligraphy.15.A. To renew old factories to meet more demands of local residents.B. To store as much art crafts as possible.C. To serve the locals to meet their diverse art demands.D. To set a shelter for local modern artists.16.A. The earliest Buddha statues in it is about 2500 years old.B. This museum holds over 1000 Buddha statues.C. The exhibits in it are made of a variety of materials.D. The exhibits represent ancient people’s delicate techniques and intelligence.【答案】14. B 15. C 16. AQuestions are based on the following passage.17.A. Teacher and student.B. Consultant and parent.C. Consultant and headmaster.D. Doctor and patient.18.A. He withdrew some money from his parents’ bank account.B. He mixed with some bad guys, which influenced his study.C. He was not as attentive as before.D. He watched too much TV at home.19.A. She was annoyed.B. She was indifferent.C. She was confused.D. She was anxious.20.A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. All roads lead to Rome.C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.D. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.【答案】17. B 18. C 19. D 20. CII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these areamong the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate ___21___ (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, ___22___ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords ___23___ (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on ___24___ (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But not just any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period ___25___ some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people ___26___ chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled(用真假嗓音交替唱) non-stop for ten and a quarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer ___27___ (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion(燃烧) engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled ___28___ a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records ___29___ (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be ___30___ (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.【答案】21. concerning22. what 23. to promote24. satisfying25. that 26. a27. restricted28. with 29. has evolved30. more likelySection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Like many people acting on the desire to eat healthy and local, Acropolis resident Eduardo Jimenez decided to plant a garden in his backyard. He ploughed the soil, he planted the seeds, and he even set up a fence to keep out the deer. Eduardo did everything right. Or so it seems. However, when ___31___ time has come, he has not one tomato, bean, or leaf of lettuce to show for his hard work. How did this happen? The answer comes in the form of a small, brown, particularly smelly insect: the stink bug.Unlike their picky cousins, stink bugs feed on some 300 species of plants, including figs, blueberries, corn, and kiwi fruits as well as soybeans, peas, and weeds. Although they do little damage to the plant itself, they make the fruits and vegetables ___32___. For this reason, stink bugs pose the most serious threat to the big agriculturalists and macro farm operators. Macro farmers have more ___33___ in their produce, and therefore have more to lose. While hobbyists like Eduardo are left to face the disappointment of an unsuccessful garden, macro farmers are forced to live with the loss of entire tracts of cash crops—a fact that has left many ___34___ able to clothe their children or put food on the table.Last season alone, several New Jersey pepper farmers saw 75% of their crops damaged. Pennsylvania lost half of its peach population, and, according to the US Apple Association, apple farmers in the mid-Atlantic states lost $37 million. This year could be worse. As a result of this ___35___ in the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables, shoppers have seen ___36___—sometimes quite dramatic—in prices at the grocery store. Prices of apples in Maryland are up 8%. In the north-Atlantic states, prices for peppers shot up an astonishing 14%. Not only are these items becoming more expensive, but they are also getting harder to find. Last week, Marge Jenkins ofAthens, Georgia reported having to check three different stores before encountering a decent batch of peas. And this, she assures us, is a regular ___37___. Accidentally brought from Asia, the stink bug has no natural ___38___ in America, and thus its population is rising sharply. Reported sightings of stink bugs are becoming increasingly numerous, as the dried, brown, trapezoidal(不规则四边形) shells of the dead bugs are everywhere in some areas. This has farmers and scientists alike ___39___ their heads in search of a remedy. Hope, they believe, may lie with an Asian parasitic wasp(黄蜂), which helpfully lays its eggs inside stink bug eggs.The larvae(幼虫) of the wasp consume the stink bug from the inside. But the ___40___ of such a solution is still several years away, as scientists must first determine if it is safe for the wasp to be introduced into America. Until then, some farmers are resorting to homemade traps. Others have even contemplated the use of peacocks and praying mantises, which, they imagine, will gulp down the little stinkers.【答案】31. D 32. I33. B 34. F35. A 36. J37. G 38. K39. C 40. HIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas(睡衣)! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher ___41___ the students’ progress.The cyber school was ___42___ as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district’s ___43___ public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can ___44___ with learning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused ___45___ and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schoolsput ___46___ time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids’ daily work.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn’t ___47___ education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social ___48___. Payton Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, Ill., agrees. “I don’t know how I could sit at a computer all day without ___49___ interacting with my peers and teachers,” he says.In addition, virtual schools don’t have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying ___50___.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to ___51___ what their kids do at home. Many parents have full–time jobs. How are they going to run their children’s education, ___52___ in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ___53___, but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more ___54___ schedules. Students often handle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after___55___. “We need to be responsible for working on our own,” says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. “We need to develop technology skills that will help us in whatever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea.”41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. transformed43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized44. A. agree B. put up C. go D. interfere45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. instruction46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. unaffected47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. make up48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. identification49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely54. A. sustainable B. flexible C. relevant D. optimistic55. A. school B. study C. graduation D. education【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. CSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ABeing able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Whereas terrestrial animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, flying animals move at much higher speeds, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skillof landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings incorporate(结合) both their front and hind limbs (后肢). This makes their limbs working together more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land—upside down! Unlike birds, which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. How do they do it? A group of researchers recently used video cameras to film bats landing on nets suspended from the ceiling of their laboratory and studied the recordings in slow motion. They pain ted spots on the bats’ wings to see in detail what happens to the wings in flight and during touchdown. It turns out that the bats flew in a straight line up to the net and then quickly flipped over and attached themselves to it upside down. One disadvantage to this landing routine is that the bats often slam into their landing spot with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly rests on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.56. In line 1, the word terrestrial is closest in meaning to _______.A. high-flyingB. fast-movingC. tree-climbingD. ground-living57. According to the passage, what skill is crucial for flying animals?A. Diving underwater.B. Slowing down to land.C. Flying over great distances.D. Balancing on high branches.58. According to the passage, what is an advantage that bats have over birds?A. Bats can land on a greater variety of surfaces.B. Bats can turn in the air more quickly.C. Bats can eat while flying.D. Bats are lighter59. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Places where flying animals choose to land.B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.【答案】56. D 57. B 58. B 59. D B Milton Hershey was born near the small village of Derry Church, Pennsylvania, in 1857. Heonly attended school through the fourth grade; at that point, he was apprenticed(做学徒) to a printer in a nearby town. After a while, he left the printing business and was apprenticed to a Lancaster, Pennsylvania candy maker. And at the age of eighteen, he opened his own candy store in Philadelphia. In spite of his talents as a candy maker, the shop failed after six years.After the failure of his Philadelphia store, Milton headed for Denver, where he learned the art of making caramels(焦糖). Then in Denver, Milton once again attempted to open his own candy-making businesses, in Chicago, New Orleans, and New York City. Finally, in 1886, he went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he raised the money necessary to try again. This company—the Lancaster Caramel Company—established Milton’s reputation as a master candy maker.In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German chocolate-making implements. Fascinated by the equipment, he purchased it for his Lancaster candy factory and began producing chocolate, which he used for coating his caramels. By the next year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate. The Hershey Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary(子公司) of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years later, Milton sold the caramel company, but reserved the rights, and the equipment, to make chocolate. He believed that a large market of chocolate consumers was waiting for someone to produce reasonably priced candy. He was right.Milton Hershey returned to the village where he had been born, in the heart of dairy country, and opened his chocolate manufacturing plant. With access to all the fresh milk he needed, he began producing the finest milk chocolate. The plant that opened in a small Pennsylvania village in 1905 is today the largest chocolate factory in the world. The sweets created at this facility are favorites around the world.The area where the factory is located is now known as Hershey, Pennsylvania. Within the first decades of its existence, the town of Hershey thrived, as did the chocolate business. A bank,a school, churches, a department store, even a park and a trolley system all appeared in short order; the town soon even had a zoo. Today, a visit to the area reveals the Hershey Medical Center, Milton Hershey School, and Hershey’s Chocolate World—a theme park where visitors are greeted by a giant Reeses Peanut Butter Cup. All of these things— and a huge number of happy chocolate lovers—were made possible because a caramel maker visited the Chicago Exposition of 1893!60. The mention of the 1893 Exposition indicates that _______A. the exposition in Chicago is held once every three years.B. the theme of the exposition of 1893 was “Food from Around the World.”C. the exposition contained displays from a variety of countries.D. the site of the exposition is now a branch of the Hershey Chocolate Company.61. According to the passage, Milton Hershey sold his caramel company in _______A. 1894.B. 1900.C. 1904.D. 1905.62. What can you infer from the passage?A. Chocolate is popular in every country in the world.B. Reeses Peanut Butter Cups are manufactured by the Hershey Chocolate Company.C. Chocolate had never been manufactured in the United States before Milton Hershey did it.D. The Hershey Chocolate Company now makes more money from Hershey’s Chocolate World than from the manufacture and sale of chocolate.63. The author wrote this passage mainly to _______A. recount the founding of the Hershey Chocolate Company.B. describe the process of manufacturing chocolate.C. compare the popularity of chocolate to other candies.D. explain how apprenticeships work. 【答案】60. C 61. B 62. B 63. A C Like their ancient toga-wearing counterparts, modern philosophers continue to disagree onthe nature of freewill. Do we really have any control over the choices we make and the things we desire, and if so, to what degree?Theories of freewill vary, but the ancient words of Plato still line up with our modern perceptions(概念) of temptation and willpower. The respected Greek philosopher argued that thehuman experience is one of constant struggle between the intellect and the body, between rationality and desire. Along these lines, true freedom is only achievable when willpower unchains us from bodily, emotional, instinctual slavery.You can find similar thoughts throughout world religions, most of which offer a particular and often difficult path to rise above our darker natures.And science? Well, science mostly agrees with all of this. Willpower is all about overcoming your natural desires to eat cupcakes, skip your morning workout, play games on mobile phone, hit the snooze alarm and check your e-mail during a funeral.Your willpower, however, is limited. If life were a video game, you'd see a glowing "willpower" or "ego"(自我) meter at the top of the screen next to your "life" meter. Successfully resist one temptation, and the meter drains a little. The next temptation drains the "willpower" meter even more, until there's nothing left at all.Our modern scientific understanding of willpower in large part stems from a 1996 research experiment involving chocolate and radishes(小红萝卜). Psychologist Roy Baumeister led a study in which 67 test subjects were presented with tempting chocolate chip cookies and other chocolate-flavored treats before a persistence-testing puzzle. Here's the catch: The researchers asked some of the participants to withdraw from sweets and snack on radishes instead.Baumeister's results told a fascinating story. The test subjects who resisted the sweet stuff in favor of radishes performed poorly on the persistence test. They simply didn't have the willpower left to resist slacking off(松懈).The research inspired more than a thousand additional studies discussing everything from the influence of positive messages to the ego-sapping power of daily decisions Studies also show that cognitive capacity also affects our ability to hold out against temptation. Cognitive capacity is essentially your working memory, which you employ when resisting a temptation or holding a string of numbers in your head. A 1999 study from the University of Iowa professor Baba Shiv found that people tasked with remembering a two-digit number held out better than people remembering a seven-digit number when tempted with chocolate cake.64. What do you understand by ‘freewill’?A. The control we have over the choices.B. The choices we make and the things we desireC. The choices that philosophers force us to makeD. Our perception of temptation.65. According to Plato, when is true freedom available?A. When there is a struggle between the intellect and the bodyB. When our willpower helps us to overcome our basic instinctsC. When we desire that which we cannot achieveD. When we have no control over our ego66. What is meant by ‘cognitive capacity’?A. Willpower to realize one’s own ego.B. Our ability to overcome temptationC. Our ability to remember things.D. The desire to give in to temptation【答案】64. A 65. B 66. BSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. _________67_________ Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ____68____ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases t hat surround the earth, after that._________69_________Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem.____________70____________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.A. One reason that it’s urgent is that countries are sending more and m ore objects into space.B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can’t see.C. Blowing up older satellites with a missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.E. When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into many smaller pieces.F. Years of space exploration have left tons of “space junk” in orbit around the planet.【答案】67. F 68. B69. D 70. AIV. Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned from school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents。
