chapter 6 TRAINING AND DEVELOPING

The Official Schools
The Official Schools • Great School (太学) (太学) • Hong Du Men School （鸿都门学） • Noble School (官邸学) (官邸学) • County School (郡国学) (郡国学) Private Schools: restored • Jinshe (精舍) Jinglu (精庐) (精舍) (精庐) • Xueguan (学馆), Sishu(私塾) (学馆), Sishu(私塾)
“臭老九” 臭老九”
• “臭老九”一词是上世纪六七十年代中国知识分子的代名词。毛泽东 臭老九” 发明的“桂冠” 发明的“桂冠”，中国知识分子戴了近二十年之久。 “老九” 要从 老九” 中国的等级制社会说起。中国是一个等级森严的社会，从古至今，中 国人依据其社会地位的差别被人为地划分为几个高低贵贱不同的等级， 就象印度的种姓制度一样。顾名思义，老九就是第九等人，也就是说 在社会等级上被划分为第九个等次。毛泽东老人家还不满足，认为仅 此不足以表达他对知识分子的蔑视厌恶之情，就在“老九” 此不足以表达他对知识分子的蔑视厌恶之情，就在“老九”前面再加 个“臭”字。 • 知识分子何以被称为“第九种人”，这要追溯到十三世纪的元帝国时 知识分子何以被称为“第九种人” 期。中国虽然是一个等级制社会，但历朝历代的政府并没有象印度那 样明文划定公民的社会等次。由政府出面用文件形式界定帝国公民社 会等次则是元帝国的独创。蒙古蛮族入主中国后，依据和蒙古人亲疏 关系的远近及当亡国奴的“资历” 关系的远近及当亡国奴的“资历”，把帝国臣民分为四等：第一等是 蒙古人；第二等是色目人（中亚细亚人）；第三等是“汉人” 蒙古人；第二等是色目人（中亚细亚人）；第三等是“汉人”，即金 帝国所属的中国人；第四等是“南人” 帝国所属的中国人；第四等是“南人”，即南宋帝国所属的中国人。 上述的等级划分是粗线条的，元政府又依职业的性质，把帝国臣民更 上述的等级划分是粗线条的，元政府又依职业的性质，把帝国臣民更 细致地划分为十级：一、官（政府官员）。二、吏（不能擢升为官员 的政府雇员）。三、僧（佛教僧侣）。四、道（道教道士）。五、医 （医生）。六、工（高级工程技术人员）。七、匠（低级手工技术人 员）。八、娼（妓女）。九、儒（知识分子）。十、丐（乞丐）。 • 一向在中国传统社会最受尊敬的儒家知识分子，竟然被划分到社会的 最底层，比儒家所最卑视的娼妓都不如，仅只稍稍胜过乞丐。究其实 连乞丐也比不上，因为乞丐的人身安全是有保障的，知识分子则随时 有生命危险，政府一不高兴就拿他们的脑袋开玩笑。

• Employee Discipline – The use of punishment can be counter-productive.
• Developing Training Programs – OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness.
2–12
Theories of Learning (cont’d)
Shaping Behavior
Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response.
Other Factors
7. Body coordination 8. Balance 9. Stamina
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Flexibility Factors
5. Extent flexibility 6. Dynamic flexibility
Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
2–19
Behavior Modification
OB Mod
The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting.
Continuous Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is demonstrated.

The Art of Swimming: A Comprehensive Guide to Mastering the Water Swimming is an ancient and timeless activity that has been enjoyed by people throughout history. It is not only a great form of exercise but also a relaxing and therapeutic pastime. Whether you are a beginner or a seasoned swimmer, mastering the art of swimming is a rewarding journey that requires practice, patience, and a deep understanding of the mechanics of the sport. This comprehensive guide will provide you with all the tips and techniques you need to improve your swimming skills and make the most of your time in the water.Chapter 1: Basic Swimming Techniques- Freestyle: The most popular and versatile swimming stroke, known for its efficient and powerful movements.- Breaststroke: A smooth and graceful stroke that is easy to learn and great for all ages.- Backstroke: A fast and exciting stroke that allows you to explore the depths of the pool.- Butterfly: The most challenging stroke, requiring strength and coordination to execute correctly.Chapter 2: Breathing and Circulation- Understanding the importance of proper breathing during swimming.- Developing a consistent breathing pattern for efficient swimming.- Tips for maintaining good circulation and reducing fatigue while swimming.Chapter 3: Body Position and Balance- Mastering the correct body position for each swimming stroke.- Improving balance and stability in the water to reduce drag and increase speed.- Utilizing floatation devices and aids to enhance your swimming experience.Chapter 4: Kick and Arm Techniques- Developing powerful and efficient kicks for all swimming strokes.- Perfecting the art of arm movement and propulsion for increased speed and distance.- Integrating drills and exercises to improve your overall swimming performance.Chapter 5: Training and Conditioning- Designing a comprehensive swimming training program to build strength and stamina.- Incorporating stretching and warm-up routines to prevent injuries and improve flexibility.- Balancing rest and recovery with intense training for optimal results.Chapter 6: Swimming Equipment and Gear- Choosing the right swimwear and accessories to enhance your swimming experience. - Understanding the benefits and limitations of various swim aids and technologies. - Maintaining your swimming equipment to ensure safety and performance.。

差劲的选择
General P.X. Kelley
孙慧教授 主讲
第六章 战略制定
Ch 6 -6
新疆大学经济与管理学院
Strategy Analysis & Choice 战略分析与选择
1.Nature of Strategy Analysis & Choice
战略分析与选择的性质
-- Establishing long-term objectives term objectives建立长期目标 -- Generating alternative strategies strategies产生可供选择的战略 -- Selecting strategies to pursue pursue选择战略并实施 -- Best alternative - achieve mission & objectives objectives最好的 选择---是实现使命和目标
Stage 1: The Input Stage 阶段1：信息输入阶段
Basic input information for the matching & decision stage matrices基本信息输入为匹配和决策阶段奠定基 基本信息输入为匹配和决策阶段奠定基 础 Requires strategists to quantify subjectivity early in the process战略制定者需要在战略过程之初将主观信 战略制定者需要在战略过程之初将主观信 息定量化 Good intuitive judgment always needed needed良好的直觉 判断总是需要的
孙慧教授 主讲 第六章 战略制定
Ch 6 -2