定语从句
一、观察句子。
1.The boys are from Class One. They are playing basketball.
→ The boys who are playing basketball are from Class One.
2.The student is Wang Kun. The teacher has praised him.
→ The student whom the teacher has praised is Wang Kun.
3.The factory is over there. It produces cars.
→ The factory which produces cars is over there.
4.Football is a game. Most boys like football.
→ Football is a game which most boys like.
二、知识梳理
1. 定语从句：一个句子作_______，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。
2. 主句中被修饰的名词或代词叫_________。引导定语从句的词叫做
_______。
3.关系词的三个作用：指代_________；位于定语从句句首，引导整个
____________；
关系词在定语从句中________(作/不作)成分。
4.引导定语从句的关系词分为
三、请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。
1.The boy who is wearing a black jacket is my friend.
2.That’s the girl whom I teach.
3.The cake that my mother made is for my birthday.
4.He lent me the book which you talked about yesterday.
5.They all enjoyed the story that I told.
6.The man who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
7.There is an old man who wants to see you.
8.The problem that we are facing now is how to collect so much money.
9.These are the trees which I planted last year.
10.A person who lost parents is called an orphan.
四.探究1、that, who, whom和whose
The man that/who lives next door is a lawyer.
This is the man that/who/whom I helped.
Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq?
小结：关系代词that, who和whom指代_______（人/物）。that在定语从句中作______，_______
或_________；who在定语从句中作______或_________；whom 在定语从句中作________；whose在定语从句中作________。作宾语时关系词_______(可以/不可以)省略。
练习：
(1) This is the man _________ asked for help yesterday.
(2) His brother _______ is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
(3) The old man ________ we saw yesterday is a professor.
(4) The girl _______ you talked with is good at English.
(5) Spielberg, _______ mother was a teacher, was born in a small town.
探究2、that, which和whose
1. The building that/which is near the river is our school.
The factory that/which I visited last year is very famous.
This is the book whose cover is blue.
小结：关系代词that和which指代_______（人/物）。that在定语从句中作______，_______
或_________；which在定语从句中作______或_________; whose在定语从句中作________。作宾语时关系词______(可以/不可以)省略。
练习：
(1) I like the red car ________ is made in Tianjin.
(2). A robot is a machine _______ can help people finish some difficult work.
(3) The news _______ he told me is true.
(4) The dog ________left leg is broken is hers.
探究3、which和as
1. He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
The earth is round, as we know/as is known to us.
小结：关系代词which和as指代___________。which 和as在定语从句中作______和_______。which不能放于句首, as可以放于______或_______, 表示“正如”。
练习：
(1) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________, of course,
made the others unhappy.
(2)____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once very month.
探究4、关系副词: when, where and why
1.(1)I’ll never forget the day when I spent my holiday in Hawaii.
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
小结：用关系副词when时，先行词是________，when在定语从句中作
____________。
(2) I will never forget the day ________ I met you.
I will never forget the day________ we spent together.
(3)It was October 1st, 1949. The People’s Republic of China was foun ded on October 1st,1949. (合并句子)
→
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
2.(1) This is the park where I used to play kites.
Disney Land is a place where children can enjoy themselves.
小结：用关系副词where,先行词是_______，where在定语从句中作____________。
(2) The hotel _______ we lived during our holidays stands by the seaside.
The hotel ________ we visited last year stands by the seaside.
(3)The school was very large. I learned English in the school. (合并句子)
→
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
3.(1) There are several reasons why those boys should be punished.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why he was late for school.
小结：用关系副词why,先行词只能是_________，表示_______，why在定语从句中作_________
(2) Is this the reason _______ he failed in the exam?
He was ill yesterday. That is the reason ________ he was absent from the meeting. Do you believe the reason ___________he gave?
(3)I don’t know the reason. He didn’t agree with our plan for the reason. (合并句子) →
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
探究5、prep.+ which/ whom
1. prep + which
(1)My father was born in 1939. The Second World War broke out in 1939.
→My father was born in the year in which (=_________) the Second World War broke out.
This is the country. I come from the country.
→This is the country from which (=________) I come.
He told me some reasons. He moved to London for some reasons.
→He told me some reasons for which (=________) he moved to London.
小结：关系副词________，_______，和________引导的定语从句相当于“介词+ which” 引导的定语从句。“介词+which”结构中介词的选用要考虑从句中谓语的搭配，先行词的习惯搭配等。
(2)Is this the room _______ _______ we were living last winter?
The days are gone ________ ________ we used “foreign oil”.
(3)Yesterday we had a meeting. We discussed many problems in the meeting. (合并句子)
→
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
2. prep+ whom
(1)The boy is Tom. The teacher is talking with the boy.
→ The boy with whom the teacher is talking is Tom. =The boy whom/ who the
teacher is talking with is Tom.
小结：“介词+ whom”通常指______(人/ 物) , 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只能用______，不能用_______。
(2)We think you are the person ________ _______we can learn.
My mother is the person ________ _________ I can talk a lot.
(3)The old man was the owner of the castle. Jack gave money to the old man. (合并句子)
→
_____________________________________________________________________ __________
探究6、定语从句的注意点
Ⅰwhich和that, that和who用法辨异
1.①Everything (that) he told me is true.
②They talked about things and persons that they remembered.
③This is the first book (that) he has read.
④ a. I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
b. This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?
⑥He is not that man that he was.
2.①. They have decided to finish the work in time, which, I think, is a wise choice.
②. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
③. I have that which you gave me.
④. This is the one of which I’m speaking.
3.①Anyone who comes will be welcome.
②Those who want to take part in the game write down your names, please.
③I, who am your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
小结：1. 通常只能用that的情况
①当先行词是指_____的不定代词all, much, little, few, none, , anything, nothing，everything等时(something后可以用which)。
②先行词既指____又指_______时.
③先行词被_________或形容词的_________修饰时。
④先行词被________, the only, the last, any, every, no ,______修饰时。
⑤先行词是疑问词who, what, which时或先行词在由_______,_______引导的特殊疑问句中时。
⑥关系词在从句中作________时。
2. 通常只能用which的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子时。
②如果句中有两个定语从句，修饰某物时，其中一个用了that,另一个最好用________。
③先行词本身就是_______时。
④先行词指物时，介词之后须用________.
3. 通常只能用who的情况
①先行词是指______的不定代词one, ones, nobody, everyone或anyone时。
②先行词是________时。
③在非限制性定语从句中修饰________做主语时。
Ⅱthe same... as 和the same ...that的用法辨异.
①That’s the same tool _______I used last week.（同类事物）
②That’s the same tool _______I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）
Ⅲthe way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
I don’t like the way _____________________ he spoke to me.
把下列句子合并成定语从句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
3.The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12. That’s the child. We w ere looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
Part two 词汇复习和梳理
1.毕业n
2.奖学金n
3.婚礼n 参加婚礼
4.万圣节前夕n
5.龙n
6.高兴的,愉快的adj
7.火鸡n
8.场合n 还有等意思
9.传统的adj
10.现今,现在n
11.包括,包含v 包括某人或某物在在内
12.灯笼n
13.庆祝,庆典v
14.权利,影响力n
15.黑暗,漆黑n
16.破坏,毁坏v
17.装饰,布置v 被…装饰
18.电池n
19.煮沸,沸腾v
20.招待,侍候,服务v 还有的意思为人民服务
serve as
21.月球的,与月亮有关的adj
22.传统,惯例n
23.粘的,粘性的adj
24.酒精,酒n
25.小吃,快餐n
26.接待,招待会n
27.退休n
28.薪水n
29.申请,应用v 申请把…运用到…上
30.机会n 做某事的机会
31.十几岁的青少年n
32.潇洒地,漂亮地adv
33.祝贺v 祝贺n
34.串,束n
35.新娘n
36.新郎n
37.入口n
38.请柬,邀请n 邀请v
39.典礼,仪式n
40.出席,参加v
41.印度尼西亚的adj
42.应该,应当aux
43.捐献,贡献v 捐赠，贡献n 有助于做某事
44.希腊的,希腊人的adj
45.王冠,花冠n
46.缎带,丝带n
47.连接v
48.圣诞颂歌n
49.长袜n
50.认真地,真诚地adv 认真对待…
51.棒,竿,极n
52.信封n
53.日历n
54.装饰,装饰品n
55.布丁n
56.胸部n
57.咽下v
58.成年人n
59.垫子n
60.升,公升n
61.用油煎,用油炸n
62.不幸地adv
63.混乱,脏乱n
64.生产,制造v
65.针n
66.枕头n
67.银子n
68.银幕,屏幕n
69.愚蠢的adj
70.同情,理解v
71.钦佩,羡慕v
词组
72.中秋节
73.端午节
74.豆陷
75.元宵节
76.烧毁
77.元宵
78.太阴月;阴历一个月
79.参与,参加
80.火锅
81.根据,依据
82.准时
83.男傧相
84.即使
85.北极
86.举起,建造
87.继续,坚持
88.也
89.自动售货店
①阅读理解中的长难句； ②考关系词：语法填空（不给提示词）和短文改错（增删关系词、关系词用错）。 读句子，猜猜他是谁？ He is a player who is very famous in the world. Heplaysfootballwhichispopularallovertheworld. Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger. He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held. Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyearwhenthe18thWorld Cup washeld. Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful? 定语从句
定语从句的概念 一、定语的概念 句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当，且定语往往翻译为“…的”。 即学即练 指出下列句子中的定语由何种词句充当： ①I have a pretty dog. 答案：pretty形容词 ②He is in the reading room.答案：reading现在分词 二、定语从句的概念 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词（跑在前面的词），定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。1)定语从句的结构： 圈出每句中被修饰的名词。 2/ 9
He is a player who is very famous in the world. Heplaysfootball which ispopularallovertheworld. Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger. He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held. Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyear when the18thWorld Cup washeld. Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful? 指出如下句子的先行词、关系词和定语从句： The boy who broke the window is Tom ’s brother. He was the leader of the team in the year when the 18th World Cup was held. 先行词：the boy、the year 关系词：who、when 定语从句：who broke the window is Tom’s brother.when the 18th World Cup was held. 2)为什么有不同的关系词？ He is a player who is very famous in the world. 拆分：He is a player. The player is very famous in the world.（主语） 拆分句子，并观察先行词在从句中充当什么成分。 I have never seen the girl who you mentioned yesterday. She is the teacher who we want to visit. 即学即练
定语从句----关系副词的用法 I Revision （复习关系代词的用法） 1.定语从句的定义：复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2. 能引导定语从句的关系代词有： ___________, __________,__________,__________,___________. 它们在引导定语从句时，在从句中充当的成分是否一样呢？不一样！ Ex.1 1. This is the best hotel in the city _______ I know. 2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady _________comes from Beijing. 3. Is there anything else _______ you want? 4.Workers built shelters for survivors _______homes had been destroyed. 5. The girl_______you visited yesterday is a student of Yinghua School. 6. He showed a machine ______ was used to increase production. 7. The time _____I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 除了以上关系代词可以引导定语从句，还有其他词可以引导定语从句吗？有
II 关系副词 1. when Iwill visitmy friends at this weekend. 主 谓 宾 when 时间状语 2. where Iwill visitmy friends at the bus station. 主 谓 宾 where 3. why Iwill visitmy friends because I miss them. 主 谓 宾 why 分析： 先行词 主 谓 宾 小结：当先行词为表示时间的名词，定语从句中不缺主语，宾语和定语时，可以考虑从句缺时间状 语，用关系副词 when 作引导词。Where 和why 也是如此。
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
定语从句导学案 定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 She is an English teacher (who likes singing songs . )先行词关系词/引导词 1.指代先行词teacher； 2.在从句中充当成分主语。 1.定语从句：一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或者代词之后，以补充说明该名词并使其具体化。相当于形容词，翻译成“的”。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词：which、that、who、whom、 whose 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词：when、where、why 二、关系代词关系代词 that which who whom whose 指代人/物物人人人/物在从句中作什么成分主/宾/表主/宾/表主/宾/表宾定语【练一练】用正确的关系代词填空。 1. The eggs _____________ were in the basket were not fresh. 2. The friend ____________ came to supper last
night wasn’t hungry. 3. The noodles ___________ you cooked were delicious. 4. I have a room __________ window faces south. 5. The girl _______________ I met is Lucy. 【注意】 that 与which 的区别 先行词指物时，引导词只用that不用which的四种情况： 1. 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every ,all 等修饰时。 2. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 3. 先行词中既有人又有物时。 4. 先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。 先行词指物时，引导词只用 which 不用that 的两种情况： 1. 介词后。 2. 非限制性定语从句中。【练一练】 1. They had nothing ________ could cure of his disease. 2. This is the most impressive film _______ has ever been put on. 3. We have to consider the first thing ______ starts our work. 4. 5. 6. 7. That is the only way ______ leads to
定语从句介词+whom/which引导的定语从句 一、课前参与设计 观察下列课文内的句子，分析划线部分引导词的作用，并将句子拆成两个单句 1.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music at someone's house is the first step to fame. 2.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 3.They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band 二、课中参与设计 （一）设置情景、问题导学 定语从句中什么时候用介词+which/whom？和关系副词有什么不同？ 在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, （二）精讲点拨、交流展示 当我们在用带有介词的定语从句时，我们有两种选择，介词放在关系代词前或者是放在定语从句中。如： 1）The woman who/whom Spielberg is married to is an actress. The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 2）The painting at which I looked was painted by Vincent Van Gogh. The painting which I looked at was painted by Vincent Van Gogh. 学法指导：如何选择介词呢？ 1).介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配. e.g. The farm _______I once worked has taken on a new look. 2).介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配． e.g. Who is the man ________our teacher is shaking hands? 3).介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配． e.g. Ours is a beautiful country, _______we are greatly proud. 4).表示“所有格”或“整体中的部分” 时，用介词of．
Period 1 Grammar (relative pronouns of attributive clause sⅠ) 【学习目标】 1.To know some basic definitions, such as attributive clauses (定语从句), antecedent (先行词), relative pronouns（关系词）. 2.To learn how to choose a relative pronoun — that,which,who,whom,whose,as. 【学习重点与难点】 Important point: To grasp the way of selecting a relative pronoun. Difficult point: To identify the sentence parts (subject or object) that relative pronouns function as in attributive clauses. 【使用说明与学法指导】 1、带着预习案中问题导学中的问题自主设计预习提纲，对概念进行梳理，作好必要的标注和 笔记。 2、认真完成基础知识梳理，在“我的疑惑”处填上自己不懂的知识点，在“我的收获”处填写自 己对本课自主学习的知识及方法收获。 3、熟记relative pronouns of attributive clauses基础知识梳理中的重点知识。 预习案 一、问题导学 观察句子。 1.The boys are from Class One. They are playing basketball. → The boys who are playing basketball are from Class One. 2.The student is Wang Kun. The teacher has praised him. → The student whom the teacher has praised is Wang Kun. 3.The factory is over there. It produces cars. → The factory which produces cars is over there. 4.Football is a game. Most boys like football. → Fo otball is a game which most boys like. 二、知识梳理 1. 定语从句：一个句子作_______，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。 2. 主句中被修饰的名词或代词叫_________。引导定语从句的词叫做_______。 3.关系词的三个作用：指代_________；位于定语从句句首，引导整个____________； 关系词在定语从句中________(作/不作)成分。 三、预习自测 请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。 1.The boy who is wearing a black jacket is my friend. 2.That’s the girl whom I teach. 3.The cake that my mother made is for my birthday. 4.He lent me the book which you talked about yesterday. 5.They all enjoyed the story that I told. 6.The man who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 7.There is an old man who wants to see you. 8.The problem that we are facing now is how to collect so much money. 9.These are the trees which I planted last year.
定语从句知识应该掌握到什么程度 Learning aims: 1. 关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句 2. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 1.关系副词引导定语从句 在定语从句中，关系副词主要有3个：when, where和why. 1）when 在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, season, age, occasion 等。 I can’t forget the night when I came to the farm. 翻译：__________________________________________________ 2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place, city, town, factory, table, village, house等表示地点的名词 situation, case, condition, point等表示 抽象意义的名词。 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 翻译：____________________________________________________ The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 翻译：____________________________________________________ 3) why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason. That is the reason why I did so. 翻译：___________________________ I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 翻译：_____________________________________________________ 【注意】 1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when, where 或why;若定语从句中不缺 状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或 that引导定语从句。 I’ll never forget the days______ we worked together. I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together. Do you know the reason ______he failed in the exam this time The reason _____he gave me was reasonable. 2) when, where, why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和 定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。 A.when相当于at/in/on/during等+which. The date on which he joined the Party was July 1，1984. 翻译：
Attributive clause(定语从句) 定义: 定语：修饰名词或者代词，翻译为“……的”the beautiful girl the handsome boy the lovely dog The girl in blue 定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。一般放在名词或代词后面The boy who is reading is Tom. Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词 （that,which,who,whom,whose）和关系副词(when,where,why)。 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 限制性定语从句 第一部关系代词的使用 Task 1: 1、勾画出以下句子的关系代词 2、勾画出以下句子的定语从句 1）The limit that/which may prevent us from realizing our dream is our doubts of today. 2）The man who/that seeks something will be young forever. 3）The dream whose main content concerns about love will brighten the world. 4）The man whose dream has been forgotten will be forgotten by future. 5）Those guys who/whom/略God helps are people who/that never give up. 6) The dream which/that/略people hold should be always positive. 关系代词有_________________________________________________________ Task 2根据上题总结关系代词的用法。 先行词关系词在定语从 句中作主语关系词在定语从 句中做宾语 关系词在定语从 句中做定语 指人 指物 Conclusion: (1)当定语从句中缺少主语或者______的时候，用关系词_______________。 (2)当定语从句中缺少定语的时候，用关系词_________________。 (3)当定语从句中主语、宾语和定语都在的时候，用关系词_______________。问：什么情况下关系代词可以省略？ 注意：1、whose可指人或者物，修饰名词或者代词，在定语从句中充当定语。
定语从句复习导学案 一．定义： 用来修饰或限制主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可以是整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 二. 类别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 二者的基本区别：______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 四：常见考点： （一）.指物时只用that 或which 的情况 （二）指人时that 与who的区别 （三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 （四）Whose 用法及转换形式 （五）as 与which的区别 （六）介词+关系代词 （七）定语从句中的主谓一致问题 （八）定语从句与其他从句的区分 详情如下： （一）.指物时只用that不用which的情况 1，当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 2，当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 4 主句是There be结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句： There’s still a room that is free. 5、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如： We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered. 6、当主句中有who,或which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免重复，定语从句要用that引导。例如： Who is the man that is standing by the door? (二) 指代人时只用who不用that的情况 1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well. 2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如： There’s a gentleman who wants to see you. 3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如： I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. 4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如： The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting i s the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如： The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. （三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由关系词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一，应仔细分析关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。 比较下面的句子 ①I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago. ②The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat. A. when B. on which C. that D. for which ③The place, ____I visited ten years ago, has turned big city. ④This is the very place ____the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D .in which ⑤Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence? ○6Is this the reason _________ you were late?
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
定语从句导学案 你如何给“成功”、“银行家”、“人类”“美”“婚姻”这些词下定义呢？现在我们来看看这几则定义吧： 1. SUCCESS A successful man is one makes more money than his wife can spend. A successful woman is one can find such a man. 2. A banker is a fellow lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain. 3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth ，allow their children to come back home. 4. Beauty is the first present nature gives to woman and the first it takes away. 5. Marriage is an institution in a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's. 怎么样？是谁在说定语从句枯燥无趣的？我们再来看看充满智慧的名言，给它们添加上合适的关系词： 1 . A friend ____ you buy with presents will be bought from you.用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。 2. Friendship is the golden thread ____ ties the hearts of all the world. 友谊是一根金线，把全世界的心连在一起。 3. Chances favor the minds ____ are prepared. 机遇总是降临到时刻做好准备的人身上。 4. If you wait, all ____ happens is that you get older. 如果你等待，发生的只是你变老。 5. He ____ falls today, may rise tomorrow. 今日失败的人，也许明日就会奋起。 6．The worst bankrupt is the person ____ has lost his enthusiasm.最惨的破产就是丧失自己的热情。 7. Courage is the ladder on ____ all the other virtues mount.勇气是一架梯子，其他美德全靠它爬上去.。 8. Never leave that until tomorrow, _____ you can do today . 今天的事不要拖到明天 9. Love should be a tree ____ roots are deep in the earth, but ____ branches extend into heaven. 爱情之树应该深深扎在泥土中，而其枝条则要伸展于广阔的天空。 10. Home is the place ____ ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in. 无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。11. The only thing ____will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you. 惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己。 12. The dictionary is the only place ____success comes before work. 只有在字典中，“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。13. The shortest word ___I know is “I”. The sweetest word ____I know is "love".The only person ____I never forget is "you!" （不必翻译了吧？你懂的！） 现在请你看看下面的答案，看自己做对了多少：1. (who/that/whom) 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. that(先行词是指物的不定代词时一般用that) 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which（介词后不用that哟）8. which（先行词是that, 我们就别重复用了吧，还有，看到逗号了吧？这是一句非限制性定语从句）9. whose, whose 10.where 11. that 12. where 13. 这三句甜言蜜语中的关系代词that均可省略 掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下难关： 我们见到定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导，而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果作时间、地点或原因状语才能用when，where和why。也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语，可以用when, where或why引导；假若没有主语和宾语，那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。如: A. Do you still remember the day_____ we met? B. Do you remember the day_____ we spent with professor Li in Xi’ an? 类似的例子还有： C. This is the place____we visited last year. A.where B、which C、to which D、by which). （选B . which是关系代词作宾语，指物） D. We will visit the place ____ he worked three years ago. A.where B、which C、that D、by which). （选A. where是关系副词作状语）。 E. I went to Beijing last year, ____ I visited the
定语从句 Step I Think it over ( 想一想) 定语从句的定义及相关术语。 (1) 定语从句：修饰某一个________ 或 _________ 的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句在句子中起 _________ ■乍用，有时也可以修饰一个句子。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫做___________ 定语从句必须放在先行词的___________ < (3) 关系词：引导定语从句词叫做关系词。关系词包括_________________ 和_______________ 。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：___________________________________________________ 引导定语从句的关系副词有：________________________________________ 关系词通常有两个作用A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分。 (4) 定语从句分为___________ 性定语从句和__________ 性定语从句两种。 形式上：限制性定语从句前_________ 号和主句隔开。 非限制性定语从句前_________ 号和主句隔开。 意义上：限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分。 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思。 Step 川Have a try ( 试一试) 根据以上表格填空，每空可填多个词 1. This is the factory ____________________ we visited last week. 2. This is the watch _____________________ Tom is looking for. 3. The person _____________________ you spoke to is a student of Grade Two.
定语从句 思维导图 易考易错点总结 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外,还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括: 1．考查如何正确选择关系词 解题思路:找出从句,确定被修饰词,即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句,判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语,则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。 2．考查whosｅ的用法 whｏse可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时，ｗｈose+名词＝名词+ｏｆwhｉｃh=of ｗhiｃh＋名词。如：Ｔhｅclassrｏｏｍwhoｓｅｄoor/the ｄｏｏｒof ｗhｉch／oｆwｈich tｈｅｄoor is brokｅn ｉs on ｔhe sｅcond fｌoor. 3．考查as/whｉcｈ引导的非限制性定语从句 尤其要重视wｈicｈ,aｓ引导的非限制性定语从句和tｈat,whａｔ引导的主语从句的区别。 4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 如：I，ｗho aｍyoｕｒｃlｏｓe frｉend，will trｙｍｙbest to help you ｗhｅｎｅver you ａｒｅin trouｂle. 5.考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ①“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whoｍ,指物时用ｗｈｉｃｈ，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用ｗｈose。 如:The teacheｒiｎｆrｏｎt of whｏse housｅstands ａtall tｒee isｖery patiｅｎt wｉth his studｅnts. ②同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。 如：(1)He loves hｉs parenｔs deｅplｙ，bｏｔh oｆwhｏｍareｖeｒy kｉnd to him.（定语从句) (2）Hｅlｏves hiｓparents deeｐlｙａnd boｔｈof tｈem aｒe veｒy kind ｔo him.(并列句) ③此外，“介词+which+名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。 如:Hｅwａs verｙill, in whiｃｈcaｓe(＝and in tｈｉs casｅ）we ｓenｔhｉｍｔo h