上海市静安区2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语模拟试题II. GrammarDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)You know what they say, marriage is like a box of chocolates and you never know what you are gonna get. My wife and I had a "ferocious" argument the other night (21) _________ we were watching one episode of the latest season of a reality show called. See You Again. Basically, the show was about three couples [22] _________ (embark) on an 18-day vacation to try to work out their marital issues in the hope of saving their marriages. For them, it was really a make-it-or-break-it vacation.[23] _________ we both agreed on most men's incompetence in expressing their true feelings in any intimate relationship, my still beloved wife and I failed miserably to see eye to eye on reasons for that. She blamed it on men's upbringing while I thought it had more to do with the influence of outdated social norms and stereotypes on men.Our society [24] _________ (discourage) emotional expression in men for ages, telling them they can't shed a tear or show any vulnerability. These outdated ideas about what it means to be a man have messed them up big time. To me, it is no wonder that in the marriage market, the most common type available [25] _________ women is the silent but dominant type of men with the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles still [26] _________ (stick) in their heads. So when things don't go that way, of course, they will feel lost."Intimidated" by my rigorous logic, my wife purposefully shifted the focus of her argument to [27] _________ we two should raise our son and what I could have done better if I had taken her advice seriously.However, things started to get much [28] _________ (personal) when both of us seemed to run out of witty arguments. Realizing this disagreement would lead us nowhere, I wasted no time apologizing to her for my ill-considered words with dignity and offered to clean the plates piling up in the sink ([29] _________ _________ I cooked dinner that night!) Faced with an offer she couldn't refuse, my wife kindly reminded me [30] _________ (not forget) to dry the towel when I was done. Apology accepted, hence case closed.At the end of the day, I exhibited my vulnerability as requested and she showed her mercy as expected. We just agreed to disagree and lived happily ever after.(B)Back then, I was a very nervous new father. I didn't know [31] _________ _________ to feed my son, how hard to pat his back to burp him, or whether it was okay to let him sleep as long as be wants. I bought myself lots of books about parenting, only [32] _________ (find) that there were so many new things to learn that I inevitably begun to feel overwhelmed.My friend May, a soon-to-be mother herself, [33] _________ (sense) my anxiety and, to calm me down, texted me one night saying, "No book can be a substitute for your own sensitive contemplation and careful observation. Books can be [34] _________ small additional value, but no more. Just listen to your son and he'll teach you how to be a father."That struck me a lot because I grew up in a time when most of the parents, including my own, believed that children [35] _________ be seen and not heard. Naturally, I thought he was nothing and only grownups were worth something. The idea [36] _________ children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything but will learn, made me live in a permanent state of expectation. For the sake of tomorrow, I failed to respect [37] _________ might amuse, sadden, amaze, anger, and interest him today. For the sake of tomorrow, I stole years of his life.Things changed for me when I got down on my knees, waiting for my son to open up. Once I came down to his level, I found I didn't even [38] _________ _________ ask questions. I just listened. He granted me permission to gaze into his pockets to see all his cherished collections: bird's feathers, colored stones and oddly-shaped leaves. He also discussed with me about his grand plan to travel to the South Pole with the girl in his class [39] _________ happened to want to marry him. We both knew our relationship was built on mutual respect and trust.Now, seven years later after my son's birth, I still marvel at May's simple wisdom. Being there listening to my son has not only rescued [40] _________ from "those best parenting books one cannot afford to miss" but also from over-evaluating and over-obsessing about him. Simply put, my son has taught me to be a father. I have affection for what he is today and respect for what he can become in the future. All I need to do is to listen.III. VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.(A)A. advantageousB. programmingC. fashionD. fueled AB. advancedAC. sacrifice AD. capped BC. habitually BD. appetite CD. likelihoodABC. unnecessarilyEating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to [41] _________ tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what [42] _________ our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn't reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic [43] _________ compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be [44] _________ to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mess means slower acceleration and a(n) [45] _________ in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey - when our ancestors were [46] _________ eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles - our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the [47] _________ of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being [48] _________ fat didn't increases an individual's chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.As we became more [49] _________ there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species.Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing [50] _________ for calories.All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago?Quoted from Mark Schatzker's The End of Craving(B)A. nestingB. signalsC. accessibleD. overnight AB. decisively AC. illiteratesAD. literally BC. unaware BD. motivated CD. accused ABC. terrifying The good news is that today's teenagers are greedy readers and productive writers. The bad news is that what they are reading and writing are text messages.It's an unmissable trend. Even if you don't have teenage kids, you'll still see other people's offspring wandering around, their eyes averted, tapping away, totally [51] _________ of their surroundings. Take a group of teenagers to see the eight wonders of the world. Chances are that they'll [52] _________ be texting all the way, even if it means missing all those awe-inspiring moments. Show a teenager Jan Vermeer's The Girl with a Pearl Earring. You might get a quick glance before a buzz [53] _________ the arrival of the latest SMS.Now before I am [54] _________ of throwing stones in a glass house, let me confess. I probably send about 50 texts a day, and I receive what seem like 200. But there is difference, I also read books. It's a quaint old habit I picked up as a kid, in the days before cellphones began [55] _________ in the palms of the young.According to a survey carried about in 2019, half of today's teenagers don't read books except when they're made to. What is more [56] _________ to me as a high school teacher is the fact that almost two-thirds of high school freshmen read for pleasure for less than an hour per week. Nearly half of seniors don't read for pleasure at all.Why does this matter? Because, to some extent, this texting craze can and will produce a large number of cultural [57] _________ who are cut off from the civilization of their ancestors if we don't take some necessary measures.So how can we encourage our teenagers to read books? Whether in the classroom or at home, one of the best ways to promote reading is by reading together. Another way to encourage reading is to helpteenagers set a goal to read a certain number of books or read books from a certain genre. This will help them stay focused and [58] _________ to read. For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook related to football. Or if your child loves going on walks, take along some picture books to read along the way. By making reading more [59] _________ and fun, we can foster a love of reading in them.But don't expect children to fall in love with reading [60] _________. When it comes to reading, trust the process.IV. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Facing AI extinctionIn a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre couldn't suppress her laughter at the question: Is it "crazy" to worry that "literally everyone on Earth will die" due to artificial intelligence? [61] _________, the answer is no.While AI pioneer such as Alan Turing cautioned that we should expect "machines to take control", many contemporary researchers [62] _________ this concern. In an area of unprecedented growth in AI abilities, why aren't more expects weighing in?Before the deep-learning revolution in 2012, I didn't think human-level AI would emerge in my lifetime. I was familiar with arguments that AI systems would insatiably seek power and resist shutdown -- and obvious [63] _________ to humanity if it were to occur. But I also figured researchers must have good reasons not to be worried about human [64] _________ risk (x-risk) from AI.Yet after 10 years in the field, I believe the main reasons are actually cultural and historical. By 2012, after several hype cycles that didn't pan out, most AI researchers had stopped asking 'what if we succeed at replicating human intelligence", [65] _________ their ambitions to specific tasks like autonomous driving.When concerns resurfaced outside their community, researchers were to quick to dismiss outsiders as [66] _________ and their worries as science fiction. But in my experience, AI researchers are themselves often ignorant of arguments for AI x-risk.One basic argument is by analogy: humans' [67] _________ abilities allowed us to out-compete other species for resources, leading to many extinctions. AI systems could likewise deprive us of the resources we need for our survival. Less [68] _________, AI could displace humans economically and, through its powers of manipulation, politically.But wouldn't it be humans wielding AIs as tools who end up in control? Not necessarily. Many people might choose to deploy a system with a 99 per cent chance of making them phenomenally rich and powerful, even if it had a 1 per cent chance of [69] _________ their control and killing everyone.Because no safe experiment can definitively tell us whether an AI system will actually kill everyone, such concerns are often dismissed as unscientific. But this isn't an excuse for ignoring the risk. It just means society needs to reason about it in the same way as other complex social issues. Researchers also emphasize the difficulty of predicting when AI might [70] _________ human intelligence, but this is an argument for caution, not complacency.Attitudes are changing, but not quickly enough. AI x-risk is admittedly more [71] _________ than important social issues with present-day AI, like bias and misinformation, but the basic solution is the same: regulation. A robust public discussion is long overdue. By refusing to engage, some AI researchers are neglecting [72] _________ responsibilities and betraying public trust.Big tech sponsors AI ethics research when it doesn't hurt the bottom line. But it is also lobbying to exclude general-purpose AI from E. U. regulation. Concerned researchers recently called for a(n) [73]_________ in developing bigger AI models to allow society to catch up. Critics say this isn't politically realistic, but problems like AI x-risk won't [74] _________ just because they are politically inconvenient.This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. At some point, society may stop believing reassurances from people with such strong conflicts of [75] _________ and conclude, as I have, that their dismissal betrays wishful thinking rather than good counterarguments.61. A. Comfortingly B. Unfortunately C. Accidentally D. Luckily62. A. express B. feel C. downplay D. highlight63. A. threat B. boost C. disgrace D. contribution64. A. extinction B. health C. resource D. exposure65. A. abandoning B. cherishing C. frustrating D. narrowing66. A. arrogant B. irresponsible C. ignorant D. biased67. A. cognitive B. physical C. linguistic D. emotional68. A. deliberately B. abstractly C. frequently D. fundamentally69. A. tightening B. exercising C. maintaining D. escaping70. A. assist B. surpass C. collect D. evaluate71. A. obvious B. urgent C. questionable D. private72. A. legal B. financial C. professional D. ethical73. A. investment B. pause C. research D. initiative74. A. take place B. grow up C. sink in D. go away75. A. interest B. religion C. taste D. law(B)One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. If you're anything like me, these probes into your [76] _________ beliefs will leave you a mumbling mess. I have read enough books and academic essays on feminism to [77] _________ a fairly substantial library, and yet as soon as I'm asked to sum it up I started sweating and string together a few [78] _________ sentences before loudly shouting 'because Beyonce' and running to get another drink.To save you from this [79] _________ fate I have put together a collection of the feminist comebacks I wish I'd thought of in the moment. Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you're stuck with a drunk man at a party. Because it will come into [80] _________.WHAT EVEN IS 'FEMINISM?'Great question! It's actually something I'm really passionate about. Feminism is a centuries-old social movement fighting for the [81] _________ of the sexes. Inter-sectional feminists believe that all people are [82] _________ to the same rights, and they fight to end all discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, skin colour, ethnicity, religion or lifestyle.THIS FEMINISM IS POLITICAL [83] _________ GOND MAD! CAN'T YOU TAKE A JOKE?...at question! Thanks for checking! You're mistaken. I love jokes. I've got one for you ...Knock, knock!Who's there?Annie.Annie who?Annie thing you can do I can do for 18.4% less pay!Ha, ha, ha. But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap（恶评）, but all it really [84]_________ is minority groups asking that they not feel marginalized and hurt by everyday conversation or the media. I love comedy - in fact it is one of my favourite things. But I'm afraid that jokes that offend women, people of colour, disabled people, trans people or others in the LGBTQ community just aren't [85] _________ to me at all. Let's chat when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn't offend my friends!I'M A MAN AND SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE ALL THIS FEMINISM IS MAN-HATING. CAN MEN BE FEMINISTS?Great questions! I'm sorry that a(n) [86] _________ of the feminist movement in the mainstream media has led you to feel this way. Of course men can be feminists.The sad fact is that we've all been socialized from birth to accept sexism as a part of life and, as a result, women can actually be just as [87] _________ as men. Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. It tells men that they aren't allowed to show [88] _________, that they have to be successful and powerful in order to succeed, and that they aren't allowed to like the colour pink!Feminism is the fight to [89] _________ all these things and also to ensure that women are given fundamental human rights like education and reproductive freedom. Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we'd all be so much happier. So even if you're only joining for purely [90] _________ reasons, we'd love to have you as a part of the gang!Quoted from Scarlett Curtis' Feminists Don't Wear Pink and Other Lies76. A. irrational B. cultural C. spiritual D. political77. A. fill B. manage C. access D. construct78. A. complicated B. reassuring C. unintelligible D. consistent79. A. unknown B. embarrassing C. ultimate D. cruel80. A. handy B. shape C. view D. force81. A. equality B. battle C. development D. definition82. A. attached B. entitled C. restricted D. used83. A. LIBERTY B. PERFORMANCE C. CORRECTNESS D. SENSITIVITY84. A. boils down to B. steers away from C. takes advantage of D. puts up with85. A. offensive B. silly C. flat D. funny86. A. update B. misconception C. interpretation D. milestone87. A. tough B. realistic C. logical D. sexist88. A. emotions B. ambitions C. courage D. aggressiveness89. A. promote B. embrace C. overcome D. cultivate90. A. noble B. understandable C. obvious D. selfishV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Harry woke at five o'clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep. He got up and pulled on his jeans because he didn't want to walk into the station in his wizard's robes - he'd change on the train. He checked his Hogwarts list again to make sure he had everything he needed, saw that Hedwig was safely shut in her cage and paced the room, waiting for the Dursleys to get up. Two hours later, Harry's huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley's car, Aunt Petunia had talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off.They reached Kind's Cross at half past ten. Uncle Vernon dumped Harry's trunk on to a trolley and wheeling it into the station for him. Harry thought this was strangely kind until Uncle Vernon stopped dead, facing the platforms with a nasty grin on his face.'Well, there you are, boy. Platform nine -- platform ten. Your platform should be somewhere in the middle, but they don't seem to have built it yet, do they?'He was quite right, of course. There was a big plastic number nine over one platform and a big plastic number ten over the one next to it, and in the middle, nothing at all.'Have a good term,' said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. He left without another word. Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. Harry's mouth wentrather dry. What on earth was he going to do? He was starting to attract a lot of funny looks, because of Hedwig. He'd have to ask someone.He stopped a passing guard, but didn't dare mention platform nine and three-quarters. The guard had never heard of Hogwarts and when Harry couldn't even tell him what part of the country it was in, he started to get annoyed, as though Harry was being stupid on purpose. Getting desperate, Harry asked for the train that left at eleven o'clock, but the guard said there wasn't one. In the end the guard strode away, muttering about time-wasters. Harry was now trying hard not to panic. According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl.Hagrid must have forgotten to tell him something you had to do, liking tapping the third brick on the left to get into Diagon Alley. He wondered if he should get out his wand and start tapping the ticket box between platforms nine and ten.Quoted from JK. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone91. Harry woke up so early in the morning probably because he _________.A. wanted to try on his new jeansB. needed to put Hedwig back in her cageC. was asked to get prepared beforehandD. looked forward to his new life of Hogwarts92. The word "panic" in the last but one paragraph might mean "_________".A. rageB. fearC. regretD. complain93. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Uncle Vernon had always treated Harry kindly and cared very much for him.B. Harry arrived at the train station an hour before the scheduled departure time.C. The Dursleys were happy to get rid of Harry and see him stuck in embarrassment.D. Harry completely forgot how to find the way to Platform nine and three-quarters.(B)Have you ever heard someone describe themselves an an INTJ or an ESTP and wondered what those cryptic-sounding letters could mean? What these people are referring to is their personality type based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify aperson's personality type, strengths, and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabel Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs based on their work with Carl Jung's theory of personality types. Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the most widely used psychological instruments in the world.Based on the answers to the questions, people are identified as having one of 16 personality types. No one personality type is "best" or "better" than another. It isn't a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. The questionnaire itself is made up of four different scales.1. Are you outwardly or inwardly focused? Extraversion / IntroversionExtroverts are energized by people, enjoy a variety of masks, a quick pace, and good at multitasking while introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.2. How do you prefer to take in information? Sensing / IntuitionSensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems while intuitives prefer to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns and dseek creative solutions to problem.3. How do you prefer to make decision? Thinking / FeelingThinkers tend to make decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness while feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions.4. How do you prefer to live your outer life? Judging / PerceivingJudgers tend to be organized prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules while perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans.94. The purpose of MBTI is to help people _________ .A. better understand their unique featuresB. find a topic to socialize with othersC. easily put themselves in a fixed categoryD. self-diagnose mental health issues95. According to the passage, we can infer that _________.A. Carl Jung is the co-founder of MBTI testB. MBTI can be used in career planningC. Some personality types are better than othersD. introverts may feel boosted at a party96. Suppose Eric is an ISFP, his ideal occupation might be a(n) _________.A. entrepreneurB. accountantC. programmerD. writer97. This passage might be taken from a _________.A. psychology textbookB. popular magazineC. news releaseD. business report(C)We all know the importance of education. Everyone aspires to have a good one, but its quality and availability is not the same for all. This situation changes as social, economic and political conditions change and technological development provides new benefits and threats.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.One threat is the widening wealth gap, with more intense pockets of extreme privilege and deprivation. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education.Another trend is the rising affluence in Asia. It's suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in China and India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question "What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools?"Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. But that can be a challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: "How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world? Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values?"Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who's going to pay for it all? The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be replicated by machines? And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet?These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world's poorest children who don't even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.。
