汉英翻译选词问题 (2) 英汉词语对比与翻译选词
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英汉成语对比及其翻译策略英汉成语对比及其翻译策略摘要:由于受自然环境、地理位置、社会历史、文化传统的影响,英汉两种语言在成语方面的巨大差异成为英汉互译的障碍。
英汉两种语言历史悠久,包含着大量的成语,它们或含蓄、幽默,或严肃、典雅;不仅言简意赅,而且形象生动、妙趣横生,给人一种美的享受。
从中西文化差异的角度对英汉成语进行对比,研究英汉语言之间的差异,有助于找出适当的翻译策略,提高译文水平。
关键词:英语成语,汉语成语,文化差异,翻译策略A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Idioms andTranslation StrategiesAbstract: There are great differences between English and Chinese idioms due to natural environment, geographical location, social history and cultural traditions which turn to be the obstacles of translation. Since the long history of two languages, a large number of idioms are created. These enjoyment are immersed in simple and vivid languages which are implicit, humorous, serious and elegant. The contrastive study of English and Chinese Idioms makes a great contribution to the application of translation strategies and the improvement of translation quality.Key words: English Idiom, Chinese Idiom, Cultural Difference, Translation Strategy语言与文化从来都是密不可分的,成语与文化更是息息相关。
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义翻译包括理解和表达两个过程。
要做好翻译,首先要对原文进行正确的理解。
但汉语和英语中都有很普遍的一词多义现象,却给理解和表达都带来了很大的困难。
一.根据词典释义选择合适的词义(略)二.根据语境选择合适的词义语义与语境关系密切。
同样的一个词,在不同的上下文里,就可能产生不同的意思。
英国语言学家Firth曾经说过:Each word is a new word in a new context (每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词)。
所以说,“多义词数量很多,但我们在语言的实际运用中,除少数歧义句外,却极少见到词的多义现象。
因为在一个具体语境中只使用多义词的其中一个义项”(傅敬民等,《英汉翻译辨析》,p10)。
先看英译汉的例子。
比如man这个词的翻译:man and wife 夫妻officers and men 官兵his man Friday 佣人,仆人man-of-war 战舰,军舰(尤指帆船)Be a man! 像个男子汉!(勇敢一些,坚强一些)另以straight为例:1. He is a straight thinker.2. Put your room straight.3. She keeps straight.4. The accounts are straight.5. They voted the straight ticket.6. She went straight home without going to the market.7. He was tall and straight and clear-eyed and dark.8. He is fairly straight with me.9. This is a very straight place.10.There are a lot of things we’ve got to get straight.11. Thanks for setting me straight.12. I believe I am thinking straight.13. He keeps a straight face.1.他的思路很有条理。