非谓语动词(打印版)

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非谓语动词非谓语动词是指由动词变化而成,仍具有动词的性质与意义,但不能作为动词使用的词。

通常有三种形式构成:1.由“to+动词原形”而成的不定式;2.由“动词原形+ing”而成的现在分词或动名词;3. 由“动词原形+ed”而成的(包括动词的不规则变化)过去分词。

分词和动名词没有被动式。

2.非谓语的否定式都是由“not+非谓语”构成。

一、动词不定式的主要用法1.To finish the work on time is not easy.(作主语) (要准时完成这项任务并不容易。

)注意:动词不定式作主语时,也可以用形式主语“it”,即I t’s not easy to finish the work on time.His wish was to become a teacher.(作表语)(他的愿望是成为一名教师。

)There is nothing to worry about.(作定语)(没有什么可以担心的。

)He ran to catch the bus. (作状语) (他跑着去赶车。

)I want to see the new film.(作宾语)(我想要去看这部新电影。

)He asked me to open the door.(作宾语补足语)(他要我把门打开。

)注意:①动词不定式在作let,make,see,hear,feel,watch等使役、感观动词的宾语补足语时,不定式不带“to”例:We often hear her sing in the next room.(我们经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。

)但上述动词用于被动语态的句子中,动词不定式变成主语补足语,这时必须带“to”。

例:He was heard to sing in the next room every morning.(明天早晨他总是被听到在隔壁房间唱歌。

)②动词不定式作宾语时,也可用形式宾语“it”。

例:They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.2.动词不定式也可以和疑问词who,what,which,whether,when,how,where等连用,构成不定式短语。

How to get the tickets is a question. (作主语)(如何获得票子是个问题。

)I wonder which to choose. (作宾语)(我不知选哪一个。

)The question is who to send the letter. (作表语)(问题是谁去送信。

)3.for + 名词(代词)+动词不定式的复合结构It is important for us to learn English. (作主语)(对我们来说学英语是重要的。

)It is for you to decide. (作表语)(由你来决定。

)I don’t think it good for you to leave now.(作宾语)(我认为你现在离开并不好。

)I have bought the books for you to read.(作定语)(我已经把你要读的书买来了。

)They handed in the exercises just in time for the teacher to correct.(作状语)(他们及时交了作业以便教师批改。

)二、分词的主要用法分词分为现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词与过去分词的区别在于:现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作,而及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成且被动的动作,不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。

Do you know the building being built down the street?(作定语)(你知道在街的那头正在建造的大楼吗?)This is one of the buildings built in the 1960s.(作定语)(这是六十年代造的大楼之一。

)*分词作定语可转换为定语从句The news is surprising.(作表语)(这消息令人惊讶。

)We are surprised at the news.(作表语)(听到这消息我们感到惊讶。

)We heard her singing in the next room.(宾语补足语)(我们听到她正在隔壁房间唱歌。

)I’m going to have my hair cut.(宾语补足语)(我将去剪一下头发。

)宾语补足语在被动语态中就是主语补足语。

如:She can be heard singing in the next room.(While,When)Walking along the street, he met with his old friend.(状语)(当他在路上走时,遇到了他的老朋友。

)Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.(状语)(从山顶看,这公园非常美丽。

)分词作状语可转化为状语从句或并列句。

注意:1.分词作定语,如果是单个分词,则放在所修饰的名词之前,如:spoken English, exciting news;如果是分词短语,则要放在所修饰名词之后,如:the language spoken in this country, the boy standing there2.分词作状语,表示原因、时间、条件时一般放在句首,如作为方式状语或伴随状态时,放在句首句尾均可。

例:Reading the letter, she couldn’t help crying.(读了信,她情不自禁哭了。

)此句分词作原因状语;She sat at the table, reading a letter.(她坐在桌边读信。

)此句分词作伴随状态。

3.分词作为时间状语时,可在分词前加上while,when或on表示“当…时候”,或“一…就…”。

例:While talking with her teacher, she felt nervous.(当与老师讲话时,她感到紧张。

);On hearing the good news, she jumped up with joy.(她一听到这好消息就高兴地跳起来。

)4.当分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。

Seeing the house on fire, he immediately ran to the phone-box.=When he saw the house on fire, he immediately ran to the phone-box. (当他看到房子着火,他马上跑到电话亭去。

) Given more time, we could do it better.=If we were given more time, we could do it better.(如果我们被给更多的时间,会做得更好。

)5.有一类动词如interest,excite,surprise,please,disappoint,satisfy,tire等,它们的现在分词往往用来表示事物的性质;而它们的过去分词则用来表示人的感受。

I am very interested in the interesting story.(我对这则有趣的故事很感兴趣。

)We are all tired of such a tiring question. (我们都对如此一个乏味的问题感到厌倦。

)6.现在分词的被动式being done与过去分词的区别。

现在分词的被动式being done表示正在进行的被动动作,而过去分词则强调已经完成的动作或持续的被动状态。

The problem being discussed now is very important.(正在讨论的问题很重要。

)The problem discussed yesterday was very important.(昨天讨论过的问题很重要。

)I saw many cars being repaired.(我看到许多车正在被修理。

)I found the window broken.(我发现窗被打碎了。

)Being cooked, the chicken gave out a wonderful smell.(在被煮的时候,鸡散发出极好的味道。

)Led by the party, we have won great achievements.(在党的领导下,我们取得了巨大的成果。

)三、动名词的主要用法动名词是由动词转化而来,在句子中起名词的作用,但又保持动词的特征,可有自己的宾语或状语,构成动名词短语。

Swimming is my favourate sport.(作主语)(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

)Talking is easier than doing.(作主语)(说比做容易。

)注意:动名词短语作主语时也可用形式主语“it”例如:It’s no good giving him too much money.(给他太多钱没有好处。

)My job is teaching English.(作表语)(我的工作是教英语。

)Seeing is believing.(作表语)(眼见为实。

)He enjoys listening to the music.(作宾语)(他喜欢听音乐。

)Thank you for telling me the truth.(作宾语)(谢谢你告诉我真相。

)There is a new swimming pool in our school.(作定语)(在我们学校有一个新的游泳池。

)This kind of washing machine is out of date.(作定语)(这种洗衣机已经过时了。

)注意:1.由物主代词或名词所有格加上动名词可以构成动名词复合结构。

例如:Do you mind my closing the door?(作宾语)你介意我关门吗?)Tom’s learning maths well helped him in doing business.(作主语)(Tom学好数学帮助他做好生意。

)但通常在非正式场合,可以用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用名词普通格代替所有格。

(这种结构在句首出现时除外。

)Do you mind me closing the door?I remember Tom going there.2.动名词作主语时,该主语被看作是单数;并列的动名词作主语时,被看作为复数。