高考英语非谓语动词用法对比讲解与训练知识要点
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非谓语动词的区别与用法在英语学习中,非谓语动词一直是一个重点和难点。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。
它们在句子中不充当谓语,但却有着丰富的用法和重要的作用。
首先,我们来看看动词不定式。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
作主语时,常常将其放在句尾,而用 it 作形式主语。
比如:“It is important to learn English well”(学好英语很重要。
)这样的表达可以避免句子头重脚轻。
作宾语时,常见的动词有 want, hope, decide 等。
例如:“I want to go shopping this afternoon”(今天下午我想去购物。
)作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
像“The best way to solve the problem is to work hard”(解决这个问题的最好办法是努力工作。
)作状语时,可以表示目的、结果、原因等。
“He came here to see me”(他来这儿是为了看我。
)这里就是表示目的。
作宾语补足语时,比如:“The teacher asked us to clean the classroom”(老师让我们打扫教室。
)接下来是动名词。
动名词具有名词的特征,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:“Swimming is good for your health”(游泳对你的健康有好处。
)作宾语时,常见的动词有 enjoy, finish, practice 等。
比如:“I enjoy reading book s in my spare time”(我业余时间喜欢读书。
)作定语时,通常表示被修饰词的用途。
“A swimming pool”(游泳池),这里的“swimming”就表示“pool”的用途。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词和谓语动词的形式及用法对比高中英语知识点归纳:非谓语动词和谓语动词的形式及用法对比在英语语法中,动词是一项重要的内容。
除了谓语动词,还有非谓语动词。
非谓语动词与谓语动词在形式和用法上有一些区别。
本文将对这两种类型的动词进行比较和总结。
一、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
下面将分别介绍它们的形式。
1. 动词不定式动词不定式的一般形式为“to + 动词原形”。
例如:- to study(学习)- to eat(吃)- to go(去)2. 动名词动名词的一般形式为“动词的-ing 形式”。
例如:- studying(学习)- eating(吃饭)- going(去)3. 分词分词有两种形式:现在分词(-ing 形式)和过去分词(-ed 或 -en 形式)。
例如:- studying(正在学习)- eaten(被吃掉的)- broken(被打破)二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种不同的成分,下面将分别介绍它们的用法。
1. 动词不定式的用法- 作主语:To study is important.(学习很重要。
)- 作宾语:I want to eat an apple.(我想吃一个苹果。
)- 作补语:His goal is to win the championship.(他的目标是赢得冠军。
)- 作定语:We need a pen to write.(我们需要一支笔来写字。
)- 作状语:She woke up early to catch the train.(她早早醒来以赶上火车。
)2. 动名词的用法- 作主语:Studying is important.(学习很重要。
)- 作宾语:I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐。
)- 作补语:Her hobby is singing.(她的爱好是唱歌。
)- 作定语:I saw a flying bird.(我看到一只在飞的鸟。
精选全文完整版非谓语动词定义不做句子的谓语,而是充当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
分为三种:不定式(Infinitive),分词(Participles),动名词(Gerund)。
一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别谓语动词的作用明确而单一,非谓语动词的作用丰富:1.非谓语动词作名词词性(不定式和动名词)Your duty is to look after the children. 你的工作是照看好孩子。
Complaining is no use. 抱怨是没有用的。
2. 非谓语动词做形容词词性(分词、不定式和动名词)The vase is broken. 那个花瓶破了。
He is a nice person to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。
We found the story amusing. 我们发现这个故事很有意思。
3. 非谓语动词做副词词性(不定式和分词)They are working hard to win still greater victory. 他们在努力工作争取更大的胜利。
The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二、非谓语动词的用法A 不定式(to do)在非谓语动词中,不定式的用法最广泛。
它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和主语补足语或宾语补足语。
也就是说,不定式可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分。
1. 做主语To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一码事,干是另一码事。
* 注:形式主语it,当不定式做主语时,特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时,常用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在谓语的后面。
此种用法在日常英语中尤为常见。
It is not fair to blame them for the accident. 把这次事故归咎于他们是不公平的。
高中英语语法非谓语动词分析及巩固练习1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。
可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式:to +动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。
(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)1 一般式:主动语态:to do , 被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 进行式:主动语态:to be doing , 被动语态:无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3 完成式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4 用法:A.作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language .B.作表语:The most important thing is to finish the work on time .C.作宾语:a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)b. 动词+疑问词+to do I don't know where to put the bike .c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .D.作补语:a. 动词+宾语+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow,encourage…)b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)E.作状语:a. 表示目的:He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果:He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因:He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F.作定语: I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5 动词不定式to 的省略:A.在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点,非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,V-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词。
注:常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说),needless to say(不用说),to be honest/frank(老实说,坦白说),to be more exact(更确切地说),to make things worse (更糟的是),not to mention…(更不用说),Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)(一)辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。
①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. weighsC. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C,将其当成谓语看待。
under the age of four and ____ less than40 pounds用作children的定语。
动词weigh与名词children是主动关系,所以选择weighing。
②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构,会误选A或C项。
这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。
答案B。
(二)非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
高考英语语法复习非谓语动词知识讲解练习英语中的谓语是由动词来充当的,而动词除了可以作谓语之外,其实还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。
按照动词是否充当谓语,我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。
一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1、不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises 、老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She spantended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2、动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)例如:Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高中英语语法知识点详解:非谓语动词用法非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括:动词不定式、动名词形式、和分词形式三类.注意:非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但却有时态和语态的变化,在句中可以作除谓语之外的各种成分.I 不定式两种形式:一种是带to的不定式;一种是不带to的不定式。
不定式的构成形式1.不定式的一般式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生,动作通常时间性不强。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件愉快的事。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作.2.不定式的进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in。
老师进来时,孩子们假装在大声朗读。
I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打电话来时,我恰巧正在看电视。
3.不定式的完成式:不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,强调动作的先后顺序。
I am very sorry to have troubled you with so much questions.问了你很多问题,打扰你了。
She is said to have studied abroad last year。
据说去年他在国外学习过.4.不定式的完成进行式:表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作的时间之前,一直在进行。
They suspected us to have been quarreling。
他们怀疑我们刚刚吵过架.We are glad to have been working with you。
高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、非谓语动词作定语【知识要点】1、非谓语动词包括四种:-to do不定式,-ing分词,-ed分词和动名词。
(重点为前三种)2、非谓语动词的词性及句法功能①-to do不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;②-ing分词相当于形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;③-ed分词相当于形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;④动名词相当于名词,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
3、前三种非谓语动词的形式与意义① -ing分词的基本意义为:主动或进行,变形有:进行式:doing被动式:being done完成式:having done完成被动式:having been done②-to do不定式的基本意义为:主动将来,变形有:进行式:to be doing被动式:to be done完成式:to have done完成被动式:to have been done③-ed分词表示被动或完成。
4、非谓语动词作定语由于三种非谓语动词都具有形容词的性质,所以它们都可以在句子中充当定语,并根据其在被修饰的名词中心词的前后位置,分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
the falling leaves (-ing分词作前置定语,“正在下落的叶子”)the leaves falling in the sky (-ing分词短语作后置定语,“正在空中下落的叶子”)the coming/following day (-ing分词作前置定语,“第二天”)the day to come (-to do分词短语作后置定语,“第二天”)the fallen leaves (-ed分词作前置定语,“已经落地的叶子/落叶”)the house burnt to the ground (-ed分词短语作后置定语,“被烧成废墟的房子”)【练习】单句语法填空1.Looking at the ______ (fall) leaves in the sky, he knows the fall is coming.2.Seeing the ______ (fall) leaves on the ground, he decided to do some sweeping first before sitting down to have a rest.3.It is said that the building ______ (build) here next year will be completed within one year.4.It is said that the building ______ (build) here now will be completed within one year.5.It is said that the building ______ (build) here last year will be rebuilt soon.6.The gentleman ______ (seat) next to Tom is his best friend.7.The gentleman ______ (sit) next to Tom is his best friend.8.The room was in a mass, with those ______ (break) furniture.9.The purely white snow looks like a beautiful blanket ______ (cover) the land.10.The police have got enough evidence ______ (prove) that he is guilty.11.Turn to the right and you will see a wide road ______ (lead) up to the building.12.If you get the first place, you will win an all expenses ______ (pay) journey.13.All the ______ (question) people supported the government’s latest policy.14.You should keep well the books ______ (borrow) from the library.15.Can those people ______ (seat) at the back hear me?二、非谓语动词作状语【知识要点】非谓语动词作状语由于三种非谓语动词都具有副词的性质,所以它们都可以在句子中充当状语。
高考非谓语动词讲解及运用非谓语动词是指动词的非主谓结构形式,包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词在英语语法中具有重要的作用,在高考中也是考察的重点之一。
下面是关于非谓语动词的讲解及运用的相关参考内容。
一、动词的不定式1. 不定式作主语:To learn a foreign language well is important.学好一门外语很重要。
2. 不定式作宾语:He wants to buy a new phone.他想要买一部新手机。
3. 不定式作表语:Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 不定式作定语:I have a book to read.我有一本书要读。
5. 不定式作状语:She came to help us.她来了帮助我们。
二、动名词1. 动名词作主语:Smoking is harmful to health.吸烟对健康有害。
2. 动名词作宾语:I enjoy watching movies.我喜欢看电影。
3. 动名词作表语:His favorite activity is swimming.他最喜欢的活动是游泳。
4. 动名词作定语:The running water is clean.流动的水很干净。
5. 动名词作状语:He fell asleep while studying.他在学习时睡着了。
三、分词1. 现在分词作定语:The crying baby needs attention.哭泣的婴儿需要注意。
2. 过去分词作定语:The broken glass needs to be cleaned up. 破碎的玻璃需要清理。
3. 现在分词作状语:She entered the room, smiling happily.她微笑着快乐地走进了房间。
4. 过去分词作状语:Being tired, she decided to take a nap.因为疲倦,她决定小睡一会儿。
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
目录定义及构成1.2.功能及用法1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.注意事项1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.would rather句式非谓语动词重要句式归纳定义及构成1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有2.非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有功能及用法1.动词不定式2.不定式的句法功能:3.动名词4.动名词的句法功能:5.现在分词6.现在分词的句法功能:7.过去分词及过去分词的句法功能:8.典型习题9.更多练习10.非谓语动词专练答案注意事项1.不定式2.动名词3.注意以下几个问题:4.分词5.应注意的几个问题:6.练习7.单项选择8.用动词的正确形式填空would rather句式非谓语动词重要句式归纳定义及构成非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wi se,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
高考英语非谓语动词用法对比讲解与训练知识要点一、不定式与动名词做主语:1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。
例如:Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do(2)It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:It’s no good (use, fun) doing.It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.It’s worth while doing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语:1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的(指蚁后)的专职工作是产卵。
3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征;进行时表示正在进行的动作。
The task of this class is practising the idioms. (现在分词做表语)With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. (现在进行时)4、常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, pu zzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。
现在分词表示进行与主动。
The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。
而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.(过去分词做表语)The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被动语态)He is well educated.(过去分词做表语)He has been educated in this college for three years.(被动语态)常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:+v zq44597253一包烟钱随意打赏搞定所有稀有系统资料used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wa sted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest(使…感兴趣),surprise(使…吃惊),frighten(使…害怕),excite (使…兴奋),tire(使…疲劳),please(使…满意),puzzle(使…迷惑不解),satisfy(使…满意),amuse(使…娱乐),disappoint(使…失望),inspire(使…欢欣鼓舞),worry(使…忧虑)它们的现在分词常修饰物(有时修饰人),表示主动,过去分词常修饰人,表示被动(包括某人的look、voice等)。
例如:Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。
They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语:1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语:+v zq44597253一包烟钱随意打赏搞定所有稀有系统资料want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, pr omise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dre am of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…fro m, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look for ward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同,不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作,而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.He forgot to tell me to post the letter.(他忘了叫我发信。
)I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。
Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里,记得给我们写信。
I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。
I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。
They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。
He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。
She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说,但也不能使她忘记伤心事。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。
A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。
4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时,用主动式代替被动式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.(或用:needs to be repaired)这台洗衣机需要修理。
The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。
This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。
The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。
四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语:+v zq44597253一包烟钱随意打赏搞定所有稀有系统资料1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语:ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbidThe doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。
We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。
(注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。
)2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式,这些动词有:see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。
例如:We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。
注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲,而做“制造、有”解时,跟带有to的不定式做状语。
Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。
He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。
3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补:see, watch, notice, observe, hear, fee l, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。
用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补,要看分词与宾语的关系。
例:We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候,听见他正唱那首歌。
We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。