中考被动语态复习一．动词被动语态基本概念和形式详解一、动词被动语态使用1、表示主语是动作的承受者The classroom was cleaned by the students this morning.The book was written by a middle school teacher.The lost bicycle was found by a farmer by the river.2、侧重说明主语接受动作，无须或无法知道动作的执行者Letters are collected from this mail-box at 7:30 a.m.Air pollution has been reduced in our city.The ground was covered with snow.二、动词被动语态形式1、动词被动语态由be+ 及物动词的过去分词构成。
动词被动语态的时态由助动词be 的各个时态变化形式表示；2、含情态动词的动词被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。
注意1：1、把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语；2、把动词变成“be + 过去分词”；3、可以主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。
注意2：“主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语”结构的被动语态：这类结构转换时，可以将间接宾语转换为主语；也可以将直接宾语转换成主语。
He showed us some of his photos.→We were shown some of his photos.Amy gave him a toy gun.→He was given a toy gun by Amy.I paid the taxi driver some money.→Some money was paid to the taxi driver.She bought me a new skirt.→A new skirt was bought for me.但有时根据句意往往将直接宾语转换成主语：The sentence was explained to us again.三、被动语态的否定句、疑问句The sentence was explained to us again.→Was the sentence explained to us again?→What was explained to us again?小练习将下列句子改为被动语态将被动语态句子改为否定句并有对下划线部分的句子进行提问，改成特殊疑问句1. A car knocked him down yesterday.2. Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.3. When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree.4. We’ll put on the play next Sunday.5. Workers are building a new teaching building in our school.6. They had completed the railway by the end of last year.7. We should protect the earth.8. You need to paint the wall.9. Lucy gave Jack a pencil as a present.10. Our teacher showed a picture of Shanghai to us in the class.将下列句子改成被动语态1 His mother told him not to waste time on fishing.2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas.3 This factory produces machine tools.4 They should do it at once.5 They named the child Tom二．动词被动语态的特殊用法和相关句型一、不能用于动词被动语态的几种情况1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态The car doesn’t belong to me.The accident happened yesterday morning.2、连系动词不能用于被动语态The fruit tasted nice.His face turned red.3、某些短语动词作不及物动词也不能用于被动语态Great changes took place that year.二、动词被动语态转换时须注意的几个问题1、双宾语句子结构的转换（见3.1）2、“主语+谓语动词+宾语+（疑问词）+to do”句子结构的转换The man taught me how to repair a fridge.→I was taught how to repair a fridge.We asked her to sing a song.→She was asked to sing a song.3、带有“动词词组+宾语”句子结构的转换This old man is well looked after by the young man.These desks and chairs must be taken good care of.The notice was put up this morning.4、see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。
动词的被动语态【用法讲解】考试要求：中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）The blackboard is often cleaned by us. （黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。
1. 被动语态的结构一般现在时：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词一般将来时：will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词现在完成时：have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词现在进行时：am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词如：You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
Not a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
My bike is being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
